PPAR ? is one of the three isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) which are essential regulators of lipid storage and metabolism. PPAR ? primarily stimulats lipid metabolism and energy uncoupling in adipocytes and myocytes as well as involvs in the onset and development of many diseases. As the target of medicines, PPAR ? agonists may be powerful drugs for epidermal wound and metabolic syndrome X.

AIM: To observe the interocular symmetry of primary angle-closure suspects` (PACS) parameters using IOL Master.METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study.Totally 112 eyes from 56 subjects were enrolled to detect the difference of the bilateral axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white to white distance(WTW), and to evaluate the correlation between the interocular differences of △AL, △ACD and △WTW and age, gender.RESULTS: All the parameters were analyzed by paired-samples t test and there were no significant interocular difference (P>0.05).There was no relation of ΔAL,ΔACD and ΔWTW with age and gender.CONCLUSION: Interocular symmetry of parameters by IOL Master was observed in PACS, and we found that the symmetry would not be altered when the age and gender had changed.

Thirty cases of cerebral hemorrhage were treated by regular therapy plus hemotherapy with ultraviolet radiation as control, with another 30 such cases treated by the same method plus injection of Radix A. Senticosi. Results showed that the marked effect of treatment group was 96. 7% and total effective rate 100%. while that of the control group were 60. 0% and 83. 3% respectively, (P

Objective To evaluate the intervention effectiveness of collaboration among physicians, nurses and pharmacists for elderly people. Methods Randomized controlled trails ( RCT) of collaboration among physicians,nurses and pharmacists for elderly people were gathered from MEDLINE,EMbase,CENTRAL,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang. The retrieved studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of included studies, and then performed meta-analyses with The Cochrane Collaboration ' s Revman 5. 3. 0 software. Results Four randomized controlled trials of collaboration among physicians,nurses and pharmacists for elderly people were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that the hospitalization rate, emergency admission rate, mortality and potentially inappropriate medication use were not significantly better in the collaboration group than in the standard of care group [RR=1.02,95%CI (0.93,1.11),P=0.69;RR=0.97,95%CI (0.89,1.05),P=0.42;RR=1.03,95%CI (0.87,1.21),P=0.75;and RR=1.09,95%CI (0.84,1.41),P=0.51,respectively]. There were no statistically significant differences between the collaboration group and the standard of care group. Conclusion Collaboration among physicians, nurses and pharmacists is not therapeutically effective for elderly people. But its long-term efficacy still needs to be confirmed by performing more high quality,large sample RCTs with long term follow-up.

Objective To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on improving the compliance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Methods Forty-five patients hospitalized in the first half of the year were assigned as control group and another 45 patients hospitalized in the second half of the year were as experiment group. The control group was treated with traditional nursing methods. In the experiment group, a nursing panel was set up to analyze the causes of noncompliance of COPD patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and gave care to the patients based on the analyses. The two groups were compared in terms of adverse reactions and the compliance with treatment. Result The rates of compliance with treatment and adverse reactions such as fear and anxiety , the man-machine confrontation and flatulence in the experiment group were significantly lower than those of the control group obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion The evidence-based nursing can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions , and enhance the compliance of COPD patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation effectively.

Objective To analysis the consequence of current perception threshold (CPT) by different frequency and time of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Methods CPT of foramen area and arm area was measured to evaluate the effect of TENS. Different frequency and time of TENS was given to 30 healthy volunteers. Stimulating to Hegu, CPT of the foramen area and the arm area on the same side was measured. Results CPT of the foramen area increased with stimulation. Low frequency of TENS inhibited the chronic pain significantly(P＜0.05),high frequency of TENS inhibited both of the chronic pain and the acute pain(P＜0.05). The inhibition of pain is more influenced by the frequency of TENS than the time of it. Conclusion Channel and point of TENS can influence CPT of the specific reaction area. And the choice of appropriate frequency of the treatment is more important than extending the treatment time alone.

Objective:To study protective effect of nitrates pharmacological postconditioning (PI‐PostC) on ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injured myocardium in rats .Methods :A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group ,I/R group ,ischemia postconditioning group (IPostC group) and PI‐PostC group .Myo‐cardial ischemic area ,infract size ,plasma level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cell apoptotic index were measured and compared among all groups .Results:Compare with sham operation group ,there was significant rise in plasma cTnI level [ (6.39 ± 2.35)μg/L vs .(70.33 ± 6.94)μg/L vs .(41.19 ± 4.50)μg/L ,(37.47 ± 4.20)μg/L ,P<0.01 all] in I/R group ,IPostC group and PI‐PostC group ,and those of IPostC group and PI‐PostC group were significant‐ly lower than that of I/R group , P<0.01 both .Compared with I/R group ,there were significant reductions in my‐ocardial ischemic area [ (53.31 ± 3.87)% vs .(46.46 ± 2.13)% vs .(42.08 ± 4.84)% ] ,infarct size [ (52.19 ± 3.44)% vs .(41.02 ± 2.93 )% , (38.13 ± 2.05 )% ] and cell apoptotic index [ (26.92 ± 1.91 )% vs . (20.54 ± 3.05)% ,(19.49 ± 2.41)% ] in IPostC group and PI‐PostC group ,P<0.01 all .Compared with IPostC group ,ische‐mic area significantly reduced (P<0.05) in IP‐PostC group ,but there were no significant changes in infarct size , cTnI level and cell apoptotic index between IPostC group and IP‐PostC group , P>0.05. Conclusion:Nitrates phar‐macological postconditioning possesses the same protective effect on myocardial I/R injury as ischemia postcondition‐ing ,and it can reduce myocardial ischemic area more effectively .

Objective To investigate the effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal on neurosteroids and amino acid transmitters of rat amygdala. Methods Morphine dependence was induced by pretreatment with increasing doses of morphine for 7 days. Withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone (2mg/kg). Withdrawal syndromes were observed and scored. After decapitation, amygdala was dissected out. Nomadic and conjugated neurosteroids were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. Concentrations of neurosteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnenolone (PREG), allopregnanolone (AP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) were detected with HPLC-MS. Concentrations of glycine (GLY), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantitated by HPLC-ECD with pre-column OPA derivatization. Results Compared with saline control, the DHEA level in rat amygdala of morphine dependent group decreased by 33% (P＜0.01). Compared with naloxone control, the PREG and AP levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 45% (P＜0.05) and 42% (P＜0.05) respectively; the GABA level decreased by 18% (P＜0.01). Compared with morphine dependent group, the PREG and PREGS levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 60% and 40% respectively (P＜0.05); the glycine level decreased by 14% (P＜0.05). Conclusion The DHEA in rat amygdala may play a role in the development of morphine dependence but not involved in the manifestation of withdrawal symptoms. Other neurosteroids (including PREG, AP and PREGS) in rat amygdala seem to be involved in withdrawal but not in dependence. The synthesis and release of inhibitory amino acids in amygdala were depressed when withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone. The results suggest that different changes of neurosteroids and amino acids exist in stages of morphine dependence and withdrawal.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in histological grading and staging of follicular lymphoma (FL) and prediction of prognosis after first-line treatment.Methods From May 2007 to April 2013,24 patients (11 males,13 females; median age 55 years) with histopathological proof of FL were retrospectively studied.All patients were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT before the first-line treatment and were divided into indolent FL and aggressive FL according to their histological grades and clinical stages.The sensitivity,specificity and SUVmax were calculated.Analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze the data.Within the same study period,18F-FDG PET/CT was also performed in 16 FL patients (9 males,7 females; median age 50.5 years) after first-line treatment (7/16 patients belonged to the aforementioned group with pretreatment PET/CT performed) ; and they were then divided into PET/CTpositive and PET/CT-negative groups.All 16 patients were followed for 6-49 months to evaluate the prognosis.The rates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated.Results (1)The sensitivities of PET/CT in indolent and aggressive FL were 92.3％ (12/13) and 100％ (11/11),respectively.The SUVmax was 5.26± 1.70 vs 9.54±5.09 (F=5.196,P＜0.05).(2) According to PET/CT,3patients(12.5％,3/24) were upstaged from Ⅰ-Ⅱ to Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and 2 patients(8.3％,2/24) were downstaged from Ⅲ-Ⅳ to Ⅰ-Ⅱ.The SUVmax of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ FL was 5.22±2.92 and 8.04±4.46(F=2.904,P＞0.05).(3)For the 16 FL patients with PET/CT after first-line treatment,the negative and positive groups had different OS and PFS.The 6-month OS,1-year OS and 3-year OS were 100％(13/13),9/9,4/5,respectively for the negative group,and 2/3,2/3,1/2,respectively for the positive group; while the corresponding 6-month PFS,1-year PFS and 3-year PFS were 92.3 ％ (12/13),8/9,3/5 and 2/3,0/3,0/2,respectively.Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is valuable in the evaluation of histological grading and clinical staging of FL patients and in the prediction of prognosis after fist-line treatment.

Calcineurin inhibitors,such as cyclosporin A and tacroli mus,are widely-used i mmuno-suppressive drugs clinically.However,renal toxicity,hyperglycae mia and other side-effects can occur over long-term use.Isolation of novel calcineurin inhibitors fro m medicinal plants in recent years has pro-vided a new approach to the development of new immunosuppressive drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.Recnt studies have shown that medicinal plant extracts, such as isogarcinol, quercetin, kae mpferol,phenylethanoid glycosides,ere mophilane sesquiterpenes A and B,pisiferdiol,as well as extracts fro m Smilax china L and Jasminum humile L,have obvious inhibitory effect on calcineurin.