No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.

Although neuroendocrine differentiation is a characteristic feature of tumors of the adrenal medulla, cortical tumors may also rarely be differentiated into medullary element. Recently we experienced such a case of adrenal cortical tumor having features of both cortical and medullary tumor. The patient was an 11-year-old girl who was incidentally found to have a left adrenal mass. Laboratory results showed elevated serum cortisol, aldosterone, renin, and epinephrine with high excretion of urinary metanephrine. Urine vanillyl mandelic acid and 17-ketosteroid remained within normal limits. Histologic featuresof a 6 cm round yellowish tumor were ambiguous to decide the orgin of this neoplasm. Cortical element predominated in the tumor with minor areas of pheochromocytomatous feature. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, neuron specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed scattered membrane bound dense core granules in the tumor cells of medullary differentiation, measuring 150~500 nm in average diameter. Cortical tumor element showed corresponding ultrastructural features. These results indicate that this is a case of adrenal cortical tumor with features of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

This study was performed to assess the effect of one year's of meal service for home-staying urban elderly with low incole on their nutritional status. One hundred and eighty three subjects, who had already completed the first nutritional survey, were assigned to two group : meal served(served) and non-meal served(non-served). A meal containing approximately on half of the RDA for energy, protein, calcium and iron was served as lunch everyday to served group. After on year of meal service, follow-up-nutritional survey was done and changes of parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. Served female showed signficantly increased intake of riboflavin and calcium, while non-served female showed significantly decreased intake of calcium. Serum total protein, serum albumin and serum cholesterol were significantly increased in female regardless of meal service. Served remale was observed with significantly elevated LDL-cholesterol, whereas non-served female showed singnificantly lowered HDL-cholesterol. Significantly decreased serum iron, serum transferrin saturaion and significantly increased TIBC were observed for female regardless of meal service. But the proportion of anemic elderly according to Hb or serum iron was decreased more in served group. Female showed significantly increased serum zinc and copper regardless of meal service, whereas only served male showed significantly increased serum copper.
Aged* ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin ; Serum Albumin ; Transferrin ; Zinc

Optic nerve gliomas manifest either as a solitary form or a component of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. The reported incidence of coexistence with neurofibromatosis varies from 12% to 70%. Usually there are no significant cytological differences between the gliomas that accomapny the disease and those that are deemed to be solitary manifestations. The only possible difference between them is the apparently more common association, with the former, of extensive arachnoid hyperplasia and of a more florid local gliomatous infiltration into the leptomeninges, altogether resulting in perineural thickening. Our cases were 8 and 6 years old girls, respectively, presented with slowly progressive proptosis for 4 years and visual disturbance for 2.5 months. There were multiple cafe au lait spots on their trunks, and case 2 showed Lisch nodules in the iris. MRI of brain revealed unilateral optic nerve thickening with involvement of chiasm or multiple intracranial lesions. Resection of optic nerve tumor was performed. Microscopically, variable degree of tumorous change was seen. Most typically enlarged area was composed of intraneural and perineural portions surrounded by a layer of intact dura. Intraneural tumor revealed proliferation of elongated, spindle-shaped pilocytic astrocytes in intertrabecular spaces and distention of the pial septa with fibrovascular thickening. Another segment had areas with reactive gliosis. Perineural tissue was considerably thickened and, associated with proliferation of meningothelial cells and fibroblasts intermingled with astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers. There were increase of the optic nerve diameter and distention of the overlying dura. Foci of arachnoid cell hyperplasia were noted in both cases, although differed in degree. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein in intraneural and perineural portions particularly in case 2.
Incidence

No abstract available.
Hydronephrosis* ; Turner Syndrome*

A female fetus with short rib(polydactyly) syndrome, Beemer-Langer type was terminated at 28 week's gestation because of abnormalities visualized on sonography. We present the clinical, radiological and autopsy findings of this case with a brief review of the literatures.
Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Polydactyly* ; Pregnancy ; Ribs*

Consumption of liquid digestive medicine has continually grown in recent years. This present study was designed to evaluate the capability of liquid digestive medicine to erode dental enamel, relating the pH and titratable acidity of liquid digestive medicine. Three commercially available liquid digestive medicines were chosen these were Gashwalmyeungsu, Saengrokchun and Wicheongsu. The liquid digestive medicines were evaluated in respect to pH, titratable acidity and concentrations of calcium and phosphate, respectively. This measure was carried out three times for each digestive medicine and was recorded the data as mean (standard deviation). Bovine enamel specimens measured microhardness at base line and then were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 each. The specimens were immersed into each liquid digestive medicine for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and then evaluated each time by VHN. All digestive medicines had a pH of less than 3.7. Wicheongsu had the lowest pH 2.93 and Gashwalmyeungsu had highest pH 3.63. In pH 5.5, titratable acidity of Wicheongsu was 1.27 ml. Gashwalmyeungsu was 0.63 ml. Saengrokchun was 0.60 ml. All liquid digestive medicines showed low concentration of calcium and phosphate. The microhardness of specimens after immersion into liquid digestive medicines was continuously reduced in all digestive medicines. After 30-minute treatment in liquid digestive medicines, Wicheongsu containing low pH and high tiratable acidity was shown to be lowest microhardness value (207.80µ15.52). The three liquid digestive medicines caused surface softening of enamel erosion. We conclude that drinks, commonly consumed by functional dyspepsia patient can cause erosion of enamel.
Calcium ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Dental Enamel* ; Dyspepsia ; Hardness ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immersion ; Tooth Erosion

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm mediating effects of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between academic stress and sleep quality among academic high school students. Methods: The participants included 195 academic high school students who were attending a private educational institution in the Gwangju or Pusan metropolitan city. Data were collected from September 1 to September 30, 2019. The data were analyzed using PROCESS macro SPSS/WIN 3.2 and bootstrapping was used to test the mediating effects. Results: There were significant relationships between sleep quality and academic stress (r=-.55, p<.001), sleep quality and academic self-efficacy (r=.35, p<.001), and academic stress and academic self-efficacy (r=-.16, p<.020). Academic self-efficacy showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between academic stress and sleep quality. Conclusion These findings suggest that the development of a program that improves the academic self-efficacy of academic high school students who are experiencing academic stress is a way to improve the quality of their sleep.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a very rare genetic disorder. PJS carries a high risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) cancer or non-GI cancer with advancing years. However, major symptoms of PJS in childhood are obstruction, intussusception, and bleeding from hamartomatous intestinal polyps which in majority of cases are not related to cancer. Generally, first GI symptom develops by 20 years in one half of children diagnosed with PJS. Children under two years of age who had PJS polyp-related intestinal symptoms are rare, and there have been no published report on intestinal carcinoma development, adenomatous change or dysplasia of polyps in Korean children with PJS. Recently, the authors have experienced a case PJS with adenomatous polyp change in a 15-month-old boy who had STK11 gene mutation. Therefore, early evaluation could be necessary and considered in children with PJS.
Adenoma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Base Sequence ; Colonoscopy ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/*diagnosis/genetics/pathology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Polyps/pathology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics