No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

Consumption of liquid digestive medicine has continually grown in recent years. This present study was designed to evaluate the capability of liquid digestive medicine to erode dental enamel, relating the pH and titratable acidity of liquid digestive medicine. Three commercially available liquid digestive medicines were chosen these were Gashwalmyeungsu, Saengrokchun and Wicheongsu. The liquid digestive medicines were evaluated in respect to pH, titratable acidity and concentrations of calcium and phosphate, respectively. This measure was carried out three times for each digestive medicine and was recorded the data as mean (standard deviation). Bovine enamel specimens measured microhardness at base line and then were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 each. The specimens were immersed into each liquid digestive medicine for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and then evaluated each time by VHN. All digestive medicines had a pH of less than 3.7. Wicheongsu had the lowest pH 2.93 and Gashwalmyeungsu had highest pH 3.63. In pH 5.5, titratable acidity of Wicheongsu was 1.27 ml. Gashwalmyeungsu was 0.63 ml. Saengrokchun was 0.60 ml. All liquid digestive medicines showed low concentration of calcium and phosphate. The microhardness of specimens after immersion into liquid digestive medicines was continuously reduced in all digestive medicines. After 30-minute treatment in liquid digestive medicines, Wicheongsu containing low pH and high tiratable acidity was shown to be lowest microhardness value (207.80µ15.52). The three liquid digestive medicines caused surface softening of enamel erosion. We conclude that drinks, commonly consumed by functional dyspepsia patient can cause erosion of enamel.
Calcium ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Dental Enamel* ; Dyspepsia ; Hardness ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immersion ; Tooth Erosion

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to correlate the MR findings with clinical stage and clinical outcome, and to describe the evolutional changes of abnormal MR findings of transverse myelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and spinal MR images of 23 patients with both clinical and radiological diagnosis of transverse myelitis were retrospectively reviewed. MR findings were correlated with clinical stages including interval between MR imaging and full development of clinical symptoms, and compared with the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Diffuse high signal intensity of the spinal cord on T2-weighted image with mild cord bulging (67%) and focal contrast enhancement of the cord (75%) were observed within the first four weeks after full development of clinical symptoms. The findings decreased in extent or vanished later than four weeks on either initial or follow-up MR images. Most patients with either cord atrophy or focal hemorrhagewithin the cord lesion had poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The MR findings of transverse myelitis are nonspecific, which may be seen in a variety of diseases. Serial MRIs, especially follow up examination over at least one month after full development of clinical symptoms are useful in the diagnosis of transverse myelitis and predicting its prognosis.
Atrophy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Myelitis, Transverse* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influences of contract foodservice managers' personal characteristics, foodservice characteristics and organizational characteristics on job satisfaction, including interpersonal relationships, self-actualization and promotion opportunity categories. A survey was administered to four hundred contract foodservice managers of five large companies and five small/medium companies in the Seoul and Kyungin areas. The final response rate was 66% (N = 265), and the data were analyzed using SPSS Windows (ver. 12.0). The respondents were 76.1% female, average age 28.8 years, and 73.0% were regular workers. Contract foodservices have profit and loss contracts (69.1%), single menu types (59.6%) and buffet serving styles (37.7%). There are significant differences of job satisfaction by some personal characteristic variables (gender, martial status, age, education, position, work hours, period of working for the present company, and payroll per year) and foodservice characteristic variables (type of contract and charge of food costs). In three job satisfaction categories, foodservice managers reported the highest interpersonal relationship satisfaction, following self-actualization satisfaction and promotion opportunity satisfaction in both large companies and small/medium companies. However, foodservice managers of large companies tended to be more satisfied regarding their promotion opportunities than foodservice managers of small/medium companies (P < 0.05). Work hours, number of meals served/day, male, workload, communication with the clients, relationship with co-workers, obvious role and autonomy were significant factors to increase the job satisfaction in contract foodservices of large companies. On the other hand, relationships with co-workers and males were significant factors to increase the job satisfaction in contract foodservices of small/medium companies. This research suggests that contract foodservice companies need to understand the characteristics of their managers, foodservices and organizations to enhance the job satisfaction of foodservice managers and to develop specified human resource management strategies that can be applied to each company scale.
Contracts ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Meals

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is one of several prevalent oral diseases caused by dental plaque biofilms. This study evaluated the anti-cariogenic effects of a bamboo salt (BS) and sodium fluoride (NaF) mixture on oral bacteria.METHODS: The effects of several mixtures of NaF and BS on acid production, growth, and adhesion to glass beads of Streptococcus mutans, and their anti-cariogenic properties were investigated. The growth of S. mutans was measured according to optical density at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hours after treatment using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 600 nm, while pH was measured using a pH meter. Adhesion of S. mutans was measured according to the weight of glass beads from each group before and after incubation. Gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Acid production and growth patterns of S. mutans were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare adhesion, followed by the Mann–Whitney test. Gene expression in the experimental and control samples was compared using the Student's t-test.RESULTS: Growth, acid production, and adhesion of S. mutans were inhibited in all experimental groups. Expression of gft and fructosyltransferase in S. mutans was inhibited in all groups. A mixture of NaF and BS significantly reduced growth, acid production, adhesion, and gene expression of S. mutans compared with the other groups.CONCLUSION: Results of the present study demonstrated that a mixture of NaF and BS was useful as a mouth rinse in preventing dental caries.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque ; Gene Expression ; Glass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mouth ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium Fluoride ; Sodium ; Spectrophotometry ; Streptococcus mutans

PURPOSE: Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common type of seizure in the first 5 years of life and are frequently associated with viral infections. Influenza infection is associated with a variety of neurological conditions, including FSs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of influenza infection in FSs. METHODS: In total, 388 children with FS were divided into two groups: FS with influenza infection (n=75) and FSs without influenza infection (n=313). Their medical records, including seizure type, frequency, duration, and familial history of FSs or epilepsy, were retrospectively reviewed and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: In total, 75 of the 388 children (19.3%) had FSs associated with influenza infection; such children were significantly older than those with FSs without influenza infection (34.9±22.3 months vs. 24.4±14.2 months; P < 0.001). The children who had more than two febrile seizures episodes were more prevalent in children with FS with influenza infection [40/75 (53.3%) vs. 92/313 (29.4%); P < 0.01]. Children older than 60 months were more likely to have influenza infection compared to those aged less than 60 months [11/22 (50%) vs. 64/366 (17.5%); P=0.001]. CONCLUSION: Influenza infection may be associated with FSs in older children, and with recurrence of FSs. Its role in the development of afebrile seizures or subsequent epilepsy requires further investigation with long-term follow-up.
Child ; Epilepsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Influenza, Human* ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze end-of-life care practices in lung disease patients with physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLSTs). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from medical records regarding the end-of-life care practices of POLST decisions for patients with lung disease hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected from January 1 to June 30, 2021. Results Of 300 total patients, 198 had lung cancer (66.0%) and 102 had non-malignant lung diseases (34.0%). A POLST was written for 187 patients (62.3%), and an advance directive was written for 20 patients (6.7%). Subsequent treatments were hemodialysis in 13 patients (4.3%), surgery in 3 patients (1.0%), and cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation in 1 patient (0.3%). Among cancer patients, chemotherapy was performed in 11 patients (3.7%), targeted therapy in 11 patients (3.7%), immunotherapy in 6 patients (2.0%), and radiation therapy in 13 patients (4.3%). Depending on the type of lung disease, types of treatment differed, including hemodialysis, ventilators, bilevel positive airway pressure, high-flow nasal cannulas, nebulizers, enteral nutrition, central line, inotropic agents, and opioids. onclusion: Although the goals of hospice care are the same whether a patient has lung cancer or a nonmalignant lung disease, because the characteristics of the respective diseases differ, end-oflife care practices and hospice approaches must be considered differently.

Total 8,341 pregnant women who visited Obstetric Clinic Cheil General Hospital from Jaunary 1991 to July 1992 were screened for HBsAg. Sixty five women with positive HBsAg who delivered healthy babies during that period and their infants are included in the study. HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc, HBeAg and Anti-HBe were tested by radioimmunoassay and hepatitis B virus DNA were studied by polymerase chain reaction technique in both mothers' and babies serum. The results were as follow: 1) Among 8,341 pregnant women who were screened for HBsAg 374 were asymptomatic carriers(4.5%). 2) The newborn babies born to 65 mothers who were positive HBsAg showed HBsAg in 4.6%, HBeAg 75.0%, anti-HBc 98.4% and hepatitis B virus DNA in 26.2%. 3) It showed discordance of HBeAg/anti-HBe, with hepatitis B virus DNA in newborn infants. 4) Follow up study at 8~20 months showed HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA in 2 infants out of 20.
DNA ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnant Women ; Radioimmunoassay

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate socioeconomic burden of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the reproductive life span using current definitions and prevalence or incidence data. METHODS: Questionnaires were given to 8,588 reproductive women reviewed at Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. The PCOS affected approximately 10.4% of reproductive-aged women (11 million women in Korea, prevalence rate according to 1990 National Institutes of Health PCOS diagnosis criteria). We tied general societal cost data for the different health consequences to reproductive-age PCOS costs, using prevalence data. RESULTS: We estimated the mean annual cost of the initial evaluation to be 76 hundred million won, that of hormonally treating menstrual dysfunction, providing infertility care, diagnosis/treatment of endometrial hyperplasia, GDM, type 2 DM, and hypertension to be 280 billion won. The total annual socioeconomic cost of evaluating and providing care to reproductive-aged PCOS women in Korea is 350 billion won. CONCLUSION: Because the cost of the diagnostic evaluation accounted for a relatively minor part of the total socioeconomic costs, more widespread screening for PCOS appears be a cost-effective strategy, leading to earlier diagnosis and intervention and possibly the amelioration and prevention of serious sequelae.
Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaire

Behcet's disease is a multisystem autoimmune disease with vasculitic features, and major vascular involvement occurs in 7.7-60% of patients. Venous lesions are more common than arterial lesions and arterial thrombotic events are relatively rare. We report a patient with Behcet's disease who developed a splenic infarct associated with splenic thrombotic arteritis. A 44-year-old man who had been diagnosed with Behcet's disease 5 years earlier presented with left flank pain lasting for 5 days. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional CT showed a wedge-shaped splenic infarct and thrombus in the splenic artery. We treated him with low-molecular-weight heparin and prednisolone. The symptoms improved within 6 days of hospitalization, after which we stopped the heparin and added methotrexate and azathioprine. Splenic infarct should be ruled out if patients with Behcet's disease complain of new left-sided abdominal pain.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arteritis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Azathioprine ; Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Flank Pain ; Heparin ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Prednisolone ; Splenic Artery ; Splenic Infarction ; Thrombosis