1.Limitations of Obtaining Medical Information about Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Artificial Intelligence Chatbots
Dong Gyu NA ; Yi Sang YOON ; Jae Hui KIM
Journal of Retina 2024;9(2):119-126
Purpose:
This study aims to evaluate the quality of and trends in artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot responses to questions related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to analyze the frequency of incorrect key information.
Methods:
Three chatbots, ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Gemini, were used in this study. Nine questions were formulated covering general information about: 1) AMD, 2) AMD treatment options, 3) effects and side effects of intraocular injections. Each question was queried three times with each of the three chatbots using two different accounts. Responses to items 1–3 were rated as poor/acceptable/good, and the frequency of incorrect key information was noted.
Results:
Overall, the majority of the queries received acceptable or good responses. Poor-quality responses were noted in 16.7% of ChatGPT 3.5 responses. Incorrect key information was present in 6.5% of all responses.
Conclusions
While AI chatbots generally provided acceptable responses to questions regarding AMD, some responses contained incorrect key information, suggesting the need for caution when accessing medical information through AI chatbots.
2.Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Ranibizumab Biosimilar SB11 Therapy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Dong Gyu NA ; Chul Gu KIM ; Jong Woo KIM ; Jae Hui KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2025;66(5):224-232
Purpose:
To investigate the short-term outcomes of intravitreal injections of the ranibizumab biosimilar SB11 in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods:
This retrospective comparative study assessed changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) in patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD who received three monthly injections of SB11. The outcomes were compared to those of patients who received the same treatment using the ranibizumab originator. Within the SB11 group, comparisons were made between BCVA and CRT at diagnosis and after three injections. The proportion of patients with resolved subretinal fluid/intraretinal fluid was also evaluated.
Results:
The study included 46 eyes. In the SB11 group (n = 23), the average BCVA improved significantly from a baseline of logarithm of minimal angle of resolution 0.54 ± 0.42 to 0.40 ± 0.32 after three injections (p = 0.008). The average CRT decreased significantly from 447.4 ± 167.7 µm at baseline to 267.9 ± 66.9 µm after treatment (p < 0.001). Complete resolution of macular edema was observed in 19 eyes (82.7%). No significant differences were found in the degree of change in BCVA (p = 0.883) and CRT (p = 0.629) when compared to the ranibizumab originator group (n = 23). No complications such as intraocular inflammation or retinal detachment were noted.
Conclusions
Treatment with SB11 loading injections in neovascular AMD led to significant improvements in vision and reductions in macular thickness. The extent of improvement was comparable to that achieved with the ranibizumab originator and no severe complications were observed.
3.Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Ranibizumab Biosimilar SB11 Therapy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Dong Gyu NA ; Chul Gu KIM ; Jong Woo KIM ; Jae Hui KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2025;66(5):224-232
Purpose:
To investigate the short-term outcomes of intravitreal injections of the ranibizumab biosimilar SB11 in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods:
This retrospective comparative study assessed changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) in patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD who received three monthly injections of SB11. The outcomes were compared to those of patients who received the same treatment using the ranibizumab originator. Within the SB11 group, comparisons were made between BCVA and CRT at diagnosis and after three injections. The proportion of patients with resolved subretinal fluid/intraretinal fluid was also evaluated.
Results:
The study included 46 eyes. In the SB11 group (n = 23), the average BCVA improved significantly from a baseline of logarithm of minimal angle of resolution 0.54 ± 0.42 to 0.40 ± 0.32 after three injections (p = 0.008). The average CRT decreased significantly from 447.4 ± 167.7 µm at baseline to 267.9 ± 66.9 µm after treatment (p < 0.001). Complete resolution of macular edema was observed in 19 eyes (82.7%). No significant differences were found in the degree of change in BCVA (p = 0.883) and CRT (p = 0.629) when compared to the ranibizumab originator group (n = 23). No complications such as intraocular inflammation or retinal detachment were noted.
Conclusions
Treatment with SB11 loading injections in neovascular AMD led to significant improvements in vision and reductions in macular thickness. The extent of improvement was comparable to that achieved with the ranibizumab originator and no severe complications were observed.
4.Short-term Clinical Outcomes of Ranibizumab Biosimilar SB11 Therapy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Dong Gyu NA ; Chul Gu KIM ; Jong Woo KIM ; Jae Hui KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2025;66(5):224-232
Purpose:
To investigate the short-term outcomes of intravitreal injections of the ranibizumab biosimilar SB11 in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods:
This retrospective comparative study assessed changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) in patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD who received three monthly injections of SB11. The outcomes were compared to those of patients who received the same treatment using the ranibizumab originator. Within the SB11 group, comparisons were made between BCVA and CRT at diagnosis and after three injections. The proportion of patients with resolved subretinal fluid/intraretinal fluid was also evaluated.
Results:
The study included 46 eyes. In the SB11 group (n = 23), the average BCVA improved significantly from a baseline of logarithm of minimal angle of resolution 0.54 ± 0.42 to 0.40 ± 0.32 after three injections (p = 0.008). The average CRT decreased significantly from 447.4 ± 167.7 µm at baseline to 267.9 ± 66.9 µm after treatment (p < 0.001). Complete resolution of macular edema was observed in 19 eyes (82.7%). No significant differences were found in the degree of change in BCVA (p = 0.883) and CRT (p = 0.629) when compared to the ranibizumab originator group (n = 23). No complications such as intraocular inflammation or retinal detachment were noted.
Conclusions
Treatment with SB11 loading injections in neovascular AMD led to significant improvements in vision and reductions in macular thickness. The extent of improvement was comparable to that achieved with the ranibizumab originator and no severe complications were observed.
5.The Association Between Weekend Catch-Up Sleep and Depression by Age Group in Korean Adults
Na Ryeong KIM ; Jaehyun HAN ; Tae Hui KIM
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2022;30(2):187-195
Objectives:
:We aimed to explore weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) by age and to find out the association between CUS and depression by the age group and weekday sleep duration (SD).
Methods:
:Using data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the CUS by age of 16,174 subjects was investigated, and the depression data of 11,088 subjects were analyzed. CUS was calculated as the weekend sleep duration minus weekday sleep duration (SD). The mean of CUS and weekday SD in depression group and non-depression group was compared by early, middle, and late adulthood groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CUS on the depression by age group when weekday SD was insufficient.
Results:
:The CUS tended to decrease continuously with age, the mean of CUS in the late adult group was the shortest. However, the average SD, adjusted for weekend CUS, was the shortest in the middle adulthood group. Overall, the sleep durations were shorter in the depression group than in the non-depression group, but the CUS difference between the two groups was significantly only in the middle adulthood. The risk of depression was signifi-cantly higher when weekend CUS was less than 1hour with a short weekday SD of less than 6hours (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.78-3.35), and this finding was significant in all adult groups.
Conclusions
:The findings of this study suggest that short weekday SD and inadequate weekend CUS are as-sociated with depression and that CUS is an option to compensate for sleep deprivation and prevent depression.
6.Difference of Facial Emotion Recognition and Discrimination between Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorde.
Ji Seon LEE ; Na Ri KANG ; Hui Jeong KIM ; Young Sook KWAK
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2016;27(3):207-215
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Fifty-three children aged 7 to 11 years participated in this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed with ADHD and 10 with ASD. The parents of the participants completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale and Conner's scale. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), Penn Emotion Recognition Task and Penn Emotion Discrimination Task. The group differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability were analyzed by using analysis of covariance for the purpose of controlling the visual omission error index of ATA. RESULTS: The children with ADHD showed better recognition of happy and sad faces and less false positive neutral responses than those with ASD. Also, the children with ADHD recognized emotions better than those with ASD on female faces and in extreme facial expressions, but not on male faces or in mild facial expressions. We found no differences in the facial emotion discrimination between the children with ADHD and ASD. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that children with ADHD recognize facial emotions better than children with ASD, but they still have deficits. Interventions which consider their different emotion recognition and discrimination abilities are needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
;
Autistic Disorder*
;
Checklist
;
Child Behavior
;
Child*
;
Discrimination (Psychology)*
;
Facial Expression
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Intelligence
;
Male
;
Parents
7.Effects of Group Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics in Children With Tourette’s Disorder and Chronic Tic Disorder
Na Ri KANG ; Hui-Jeong KIM ; Duk Soo MOON ; Young Sook KWACK
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2022;33(4):91-98
Objectives:
Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is effective in children with chronic tic disorders. This study aimed to assess the effect of group-based CBIT (group-CBIT) on tic severity and comorbid symptoms. We compared the efficacy of group CBIT with that of a control.
Methods:
Thirty children with chronic tic disorder or Tourette’s disorder were enrolled in this study. Eighteen were assigned to the group-CBIT for eight sessions, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed pre- and postintervention using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-IV, Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Korean-Children Behavioral Checklist. We compared the pre- and post-intervention results of each group and determined the difference in the pre- and post-intervention results between intervention and the control group.
Results:
The YGTSS motor and vocal tic interference, global impairment, and global severity scores decreased in the intervention group only. Group CBIT was superior in reducing the motor tic interference, impairment score, and global severity score to the control group.
Conclusion
The group-CBIT showed an improvement in tic symptoms, especially in reducing the level of interference and impairment of tics.
8.Discriminative Effects of Social Skills Training on Facial Emotion Recognition among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Ji Seon LEE ; Na Ri KANG ; Hui Jeong KIM ; Young Sook KWAK
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2018;29(4):150-160
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of social skills training (SST) on facial emotion recognition and discrimination in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Twenty-three children aged 7 to 10 years participated in our SST. They included 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and 8 with ASD. The participants' parents completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale, and Conner's Scale at baseline and post-treatment. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (K-WISC-IV) and the Advanced Test of Attention at baseline and the Penn Emotion Recognition and Discrimination Task at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS: No significant changes in facial emotion recognition and discrimination occurred in either group before and after SST. However, when controlling for the processing speed of K-WISC and the social subscale of K-CBCL, the ADHD group showed more improvement in total (p=0.049), female (p=0.039), sad (p=0.002), mild (p=0.015), female extreme (p=0.005), male mild (p=0.038), and Caucasian (p=0.004) facial expressions than did the ASD group. CONCLUSION: SST improved facial expression recognition for children with ADHD more effectively than it did for children with ASD, in whom additional training to help emotion recognition and discrimination is needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder*
;
Autistic Disorder*
;
Checklist
;
Child Behavior
;
Child*
;
Discrimination (Psychology)
;
Facial Expression
;
Facial Recognition
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Intelligence
;
Male
;
Parents
;
Social Skills*
9.Linear programming method to construct equated item sets for the implementation of periodical computer-based testing for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination
Dong Gi SEO ; Myeong Gi KIM ; Na Hui KIM ; Hye Sook SHIN ; Hyun Jung KIM
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2018;15():26-
PURPOSE:
This study aimed to identify the best way of developing equivalent item sets and to propose a stable and effective managementplan for periodical licensing examinations.
METHODS:
Five pre-equated item sets were developed based on the predicted correct answer rate of each item using linear programming. These pre-equated item sets were compared to the ones that were developed with a random item selection method based on the actual correct answer rate (ACAR) and difficulty from item response theory (IRT). The results with and without common items were also compared in the same way. ACAR and the IRT difficulty were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-equating conditions.
RESULTS:
There was a statistically significant difference in IRT difficulty among the results from different pre-equated conditions. The predicted correct answer rate was divided using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, and the ACAR and IRT difficulty parameters of the 5 item sets were equally constructed. Comparing the item set conditions with and without common items, including common items did not make a significant contribution to the equating of the 5 item sets.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that the linear programming method is applicable to construct equated-item sets that reflect each content area. The suggested best method to construct equated item sets is to divide the predicted correct answer rate using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, regardless of common items. If pre-equated item sets are required to construct a test based on the actual data, several methods should be considered by simulation studies to determine which is optimal before administering a real test.
10.Linear programming method to construct equated item sets for the implementation of periodical computer-based testing for the Korean Medical Licensing Examination
Dong Gi SEO ; Myeong Gi KIM ; Na Hui KIM ; Hye Sook SHIN ; Hyun Jung KIM
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 2018;15(1):26-
PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the best way of developing equivalent item sets and to propose a stable and effective management plan for periodical licensing examinations. METHODS: Five pre-equated item sets were developed based on the predicted correct answer rate of each item using linear programming. These pre-equated item sets were compared to the ones that were developed with a random item selection method based on the actual correct answer rate (ACAR) and difficulty from item response theory (IRT). The results with and without common items were also compared in the same way. ACAR and the IRT difficulty were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the pre-equating conditions. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in IRT difficulty among the results from different pre-equated conditions. The predicted correct answer rate was divided using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, and the ACAR and IRT difficulty parameters of the 5 item sets were equally constructed. Comparing the item set conditions with and without common items, including common items did not make a significant contribution to the equating of the 5 item sets. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the linear programming method is applicable to construct equated-item sets that reflect each content area. The suggested best method to construct equated item sets is to divide the predicted correct answer rate using 2 or 3 difficulty categories, regardless of common items. If pre-equated item sets are required to construct a test based on the actual data, several methods should be considered by simulation studies to determine which is optimal before administering a real test.
Licensure
;
Methods
;
Programming, Linear