Objective: To investigate the mortality of malignant tumors, diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases and trends in probability of premature mortality due to these four chronic diseases in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for perfecting the chronic disease control strategy. Methods: The mortality of malignant tumors, diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases among household registered residents in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Guangdong Provincial Population Death Information Registration Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality by the population of the Fifth National Population Census in China in 2000 and probability of premature mortality were calculated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature mortality were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC), and whether achieving the targets for the probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases in 2025 and 2030 were evaluated. Results: A total of 226 012 deaths occurred due to four chronic diseases in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021, and the overall crude mortality and standardized mortality rates were 569.22/105 and 283.29/105, with a reduction in the probability of premature mortality from 15.04% to 12.05% (AAPC=-2.403%, Z=-7.603, P<0.001). The probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases decreased from 19.21% to 16.38% in males, and from 10.42% to 7.58% in females (AAPC=-1.893% and -3.085%, Z=-5.262 and -9.811, both P<0.001). The probability of premature mortality due to diabetes appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.317%, Z=2.548, P=0.034), and the probability of premature mortality due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-4.826%, Z=-13.590, P<0.001), while no significant changing trend was seen in the probability of premature mortality due to malignant tumors or chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-0.751% and -2.461%, Z=-1.532 and -1.730, P=0.125 and 0.122). The predicted probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases was 10.92% in 2025 and 9.66% in 2030 in Jiangmen City, which were both lower than the target (11.21% and 9.81%). Conclusions The probability of premature mortality due to four chronic diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Jiangmen City from 2012 to 2021, which can reach the target in 2025 and 2030. Males should be given a high priority for interventions of chronic diseases, and diabetes control should be reinforced.

Objective To establish an acurate and convenient method to distinguish human platelet antigen(HPA) SNPs based on Target Enriched Multiplex-PCR(TEM-PCR),fluorescent probe melting curve analysis and blood direct PCR.Methods Design TEM-PCR primers and probes of HPA1-17,Cab alleles,amplify target sequences of all 18 alleles by blood direct PCR and distinguish different SNPs by melting curve of probes.Results The TEM-PCR could amplify all target sequences of 18 alleles and the melting curve analysis could distinguish those SNPs,the accuracy was equal to PCR-SSP method and the process was more convenient without blood genomic DNA extraction and subsequent gel electrophoresis thus decrease the cross-contamination risk.Conclusion Successfully established a HPA1-17,Cab alleles distinguishing method based on TEM-PCR,blood direct PCR and fluorescent probe melting curve analysis technique.

BACKGROUND:As the sequencing technology has been widely used and high-resolution confirmation of organ transplant matching has been gradualy developed, new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) aleles are emerging. However, the gene frequency of some genes cannot be calculated accurately, and there are rare reports. These genes are often ignored, and it is easy to misjudge their genotypes only according to gene frequency. OBJECTIVE:To test and analyze a rare alele, HLA-C*08:99, from a volunteer donor of hematopoietic stem cel transplantation. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted automaticaly from the blood sample by using quick DNA purified kit and amplified by HLA-C locus commercial sequence-based typing kit. The purified PCR product was utilized as the DNA template in the sequencing reaction, and six direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exons 2, 3 and 4 in both directions were performed using commercial kit. Four direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exon 5 in both directions, exon 6 in forward direction and exon 7 in reverse direction were performed using in-house BigDye terminator cycle sequencing reaction kit. Sequencing reaction products purified by ethanol/sodium acetate/ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid method were sequenced by ABI PrismTM3730 DNA Sequencer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The alele assignment was analyzed with Assign-SBT 3.6+ software, and the sample HLA-C typing result was C*07:04, 08:99. Increasing the sequencing analysis at exons 5, 6 and 7 of HLA-C locus wil help to make clear the ambiguous SBT result and improve the accuracy of HLA-C typing when it is necessary, which shows important significance in clinical tissue matching. Cite this article:Wang DM, Zou HY, Nie DM, Gao SQ, Wang F.Sequencing analysis of a rare human leukocyte antigen, C*08:99, from a volunteer donor of hematopoietic stem cel transplantation. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):102-106.

Objective:To analyze the cause of poor distance visual acuity after refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients.Methods:The data were collected from patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens, SBL-3) implantation at Beijing Aier Intech Eye Hospital from December 2016 to December 2018, and followed up for six months after operation. Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used to record uncorrected distance visual acuity, best corrected distance visual acuity, intermediate visual acuity, and near visual acuity. Defocus curve was drawn. The corneal topography, postoperative visual quality and intraocular lens centered or not were checked by Itrace.Results:Total 95 eyes of 70 patients were implemented by cataract phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive intraocular lens operation. Among them, uncorrected distance visual acuity of 16 eyes of 16 patients, were less than or equal to 0.6. The distance power zone of the intraocular lens of 7 patients were placed in the area of high corneal refractive power. Because of measurement error, reserved error, etc, the power of IOL in 7 patients had deviations. Farsightedness and dizziness occurred in 2 patients. The visual discomfort symptoms disappeared and vision improved through intraocular lens positioning.Conclusions:The poor quality of distance visual acuity is mainly caused by the coincidence of the distance power zone with the corneal high-refractive region, the deviation of the power of the intraocular lens, and the intraocular lens center shift. If the cornea has a high refractive area, the distance power zone should avoid to be placed in the same area. The intraocular lens should be reserved between 0-+ 0.25 D. Two-step surgery is recommended. It′s also recommended to make sure the lens is centered during the operation by lens reflection method.

Objective To optimize the extraction process for the polysaccharide from fermented Cordyceps Sinensis powder with response surface methodology.Methods We selected the factors and levels on the basis of single factor experiment,and then designed the experiment with 3 factors and 3 levels based on the principle of Box-Behnken's design.Results The effect of the factors of extraction temperature,time and solid-liquid ratio on extraction ratio was in decreasing sequence.The optimal extraction technology obtained through the classical analysis was as follows:extraction temperature at 95 ℃,the ratio of solid to liquid being 1 ∶ 21,and extraction for 73 min.Under this condition the theoretical extraction rate was 4.31％ and the actual extraction rate was (4.20 ± 0.1)％.Conclusion The obtained values agree with the predicted values of the mathematic models,and the Box-Behnken experimental design is suitable for optimizing the extraction of the polysaccharide from fermented Cordyceps Sinensis powder.

Objective ToexploretheapplicationofVasoCT,astentimagingtechnique,instent-assisted coilaneurysmembolization.Methods Twentyconsecutivepatientswith23intracranialaneurysmswere treated with stent-assisted aneurysm embolization in the General Hospital of Armed Police Forces from December 2013 to November 2014 were enrolled. The patients performed VasoCT scan immediately after procedure. Then all the available images were used for stent-optimized reconstruction respectively. Under the XpertCT mode,the available images were observed with both volume imaging and maximum intensity projection. The available images were analyzed and they were divided into very clear,less clear,and not clearaccordingtothestentdevelopingclarity.Results Ofthe22aneurysmstreatedwithstent-assisted embolization,16 were occluded completely,6 were occluded partially. All the stents were expanded completely and were released to the expected locations;11 aneurysm stents developed clearly,9 developed less clearly,and 2didnotdevelopclearly.Conclusion VasoCTcanbeusedinthestent-assistedaneurysmembolization.It can clearly reveal the microscopic structure of the stents,location,relationship with the artery wall,and relationship between stents and coils. The clarity of stent development is associated with the diameters of the packed coils,and the stents are also affected by the metal artifacts projecting direction and the dense degree of the packing coils.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of insoluble particles in traditional Chinese drugs injections(TCDI)mixed with infusion fluid and to study the way to solve METHODS:61 kinds of TCDI in therapeutic dosages were mixed in 0 9% sodium chloride solution,then the insoluble particles formed with diameters of 2 5?5 0?10 0 and 25 0?m were counted with Coulter counter,and determined with physical method and microscope The precise filter for liquid medicine were investigated in respect to its flow rate,quantity of flow,adsorbability and scavenging action RESULTS:(1)The number of insoluble particles in 26 kinds of TCDI exceeded the standard in ChP accounting for 42 6% of total samples observed (2)The insoluble particles included glass fragments,active carbon,rubber particles,soft flocks and residue of drugs (3)The flow rate and quantity of flow met the clinical requirement with a scavenging rate of 88 5%,and no adsorbability was found CONCLUSION:Precise infilter for liquid medicine can scavenge the particles in TCDI so as to ensure the safe use of drugs for patients

Objective To evaluated the HCV genotyping results which obtained by genotype diagnostic kit in Shenzhen area. Methods 158 samples which ELISA test of anti-HCV were positive were collected from voluntary blood donors from 2014 to 2015,and were tested by PCR fluorescence probe method for viral load.The samples which viral load were greater than 1.0 ×103 IU/mL were then tested by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.To analysis the proportion of different genotypes and the correla-tion between genotypes with vrial load.Results 54 HCV RNA reactive sample were quantity by PCR fluorescence probe method from 158 anti-HCV positive samples.The genotyping data for 45 cases which vrial load greater than 1.0×103 IU/mL were obtained by HCV RNA genotype diagnostic kit.The frequencies HCV genotype 1b,2,3 and 6 were 57.78%(26/45),6.67%(3/45),8.89%(4/45)and 26.67%(12/45),respectively.One-way ANOVA analysis showed that significant difference in viral loads was found be-tween different HCV genotype 1b and 2(F =2.861,P <0.05),and there was a significant difference in viral loads and anti-HCV S/CO by sex(P <0.05).Fisher′s exact test showed the significance difference between age and genotypes(P <0.05 ).Conclusion HCV 1b and 6 were the most predominant genotypes due to the higher viral load than the other subtypes among volunteer blood do-nors in Shenzhen,while the proportion of HCV 2,3 declined.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic oval cells (HOCs) possess the potential of self-renewal, replication, and clone, proliferation and differentiation into mature hepatocytes under a certain condition. HOCs can be used as biomaterial for constructing biological artificial liver in vitro, employed for in vivo transplantation, as well as for tissue engineering as seed cells. HOCs can be widely used for improving clinical treatment of liver diseases. OBJECTIVE: To establish adult Wistar rat models of HOC proliferation, to perform/n vitro isolation and culture of HOCs, and to study the possibility of induction and differentiation of HOCs into hepatucytes. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Institute of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University. MATERIALS: Experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Institute of Gastroenterology of Nanfang Hospital from December 2003 to February 2006. Thirty-six healthy male Wistar rats aged 3-4 months (150-200 g) were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were orally fed with ethionine received two-thirds partial hepatectomy (2/3 PH). HOCs were harvested and purified by two-steps perfusion and Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and then cultured in vitro and induced with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), oncostatin M (OSM) and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Identification and differentiation of HOCs. RESULTS: The concentration of HOCs was about 1.34×108 L-1 in each rat model after in vitro isolation. These cells were round, oval or polygon, about 1/6 1/3 the size of normal hepatocytes. The nucleus-cytoplasm ratio was relatively large. After 2 weeks, clone-like proliferation of HOCs could be observed. Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated positive expression of stem cells markers Thy-1 and C-kit in cytoplasm and membrane of HOCs. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated positive stem cells marker alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in cytoplasm of HOCs. HOCs can stably passage and its shape gradually changed after inducing with HGF, OSM and FGF4. HOC volume became larger and HOCs lost their ability of sticking to the wall of culture flask. Apparent positive stain of cytoplasm albumin (Alb) was detected 14 days after induction, and the positive ratio increased along with the extension of inducing duration. Results of cytochemistry indicated a brown or black deposit after glucose-6-phosphotase (G-6-P) staining and red particles after periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. CONCLUSION: Adult Wistar rat models of HOC proliferation are replicated by ethionine feeding combined with 2/3 PH. HOCs can be obtained through collagenase perfusion and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Rat HOCs can be passaged and cultured in vitro. Under a certain condition, HOCs can be induced and differentiated into hepatocytes.

Objective Based on the screening of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infection in Maoming,the viral pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection were investigated,the epidemic trend of children with respiratory tract infection in the region was grasped,so as to provide the basis for the disease diagnosis of children with respiratory tract infection.Methods With direct immunofluorescence,7 common respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions were detected in 13 148 patients with respiratory infection in our hospital,including adenovirus (ADV),respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus A (FLUA),influenza virus B FLUB) and parainfluenza (PIV).Results In 13 148 cases,the respiratory virus positive were found in 3 308 cases,the total positive rate was 25.16％,the positive detection rate of RSV was the highest (17.39 ％),and the detection rate of respiratory virus has obvious seasonal characteristics,with the highest detection rate in the first quarter,and mainly concentrated in the population under the age of three.Conclusion RSV was the first of the 7 common respiratory viruses detected,and the virus infection was associated with age and season.