Clonorchiasis is one key food-borne parasitic disease in China. Owing to several years'efforts and preparation, the national clonorchiasis surveillance system in China has been established preliminarily since 2016. In this article, the necessity to establish the national clonorchiasis surveillance system is explained. Then, the structure, content and corresponding methods of the surveillance system are briefly introduced. Key points in the surveillance are summarized and the development of surveillance in future is discussed. Furthermore, the contribution of clonorchiasis surveillance in China to the world is also analyzed.
Animals ; China ; Clonorchiasis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Foodborne Diseases ; Sentinel Surveillance

Case-Control Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; Noise, Occupational ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; STAT3 Transcription Factor

Humans ; Lung ; Pneumoconiosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

<b>Objective:b> To examine the associations between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyle in adults in China. <b>Methods:b> Data were from the baseline and second survey of China Kadoorie Biobank study, which were conducted during 2004-2008 and 2013-2014, respectively. After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer or diabetes, a total of 461 213 adults from baseline survey and 20 583 adults from second survey were included in the current study. Participants who reported a family history of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or diabetes of any first-degree relative (i.e., biological father, mother, or siblings) were defined as having a family history of major chronic diseases. Healthy lifestyles were defined as current nonsmoking, non-excessive alcohol drinking, eating vegetables and fruits daily, upper quarter of physical activity level, body mass index (BMI) of (18.5-23.9) kg/m(2), and waist- to-hip ratio (WHR) <0.90 (man)/<0.85 (women). <b>Results:b> At baseline survey, 36.5% of the participants had family history of major chronic diseases. Proportions of the above six healthy lifestyles were 70.5%, 93.0%, 18.0%, 25.0%, 53.4%, and 43.5%, respectively. Compared with participants without family history, the proportions of current nonsmoking, non-excessive drinking, normal BMI, and normal WHR were lower in participants with family history of major chronic diseases, while the proportions of eating vegetables and fruits daily, and being physically active, were higher. In general, the absolute differences in these proportions between participants with and without a family history were only slight. Similar results were observed when other family history status (the type or number of disease, the category or number of affected family members) were analysed. The association between family history of major chronic diseases and healthy lifestyles was consistently observed in the second survey 10 years later. <b>Conclusion:b> In Chinese population, adults with family history of major chronic diseases did not adopt healthier lifestyles.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/ethnology* ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Waist-Hip Ratio

<b>Objective:b> To examine the prevalence of 'healthy lifestyle' from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China. <b>Methods:b> After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer, a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013- 2014), were included for analysis. 'Healthy lifestyle' was defined as haing the following characteristics: a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness; b) alcohol drinking <25 g/day (men)/<15 g/day (women); c) diet rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes and fish, but low in red meat; d) upper quarter of the physical activity level; e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2) and waist circumstance <85 cm (men)/80 cm (women). We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors, with a range from 0 to 6. <b>Results:b> At baseline, prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6%, 92.6%, 8.7%, 52.6% and 59.0%, respectively, with the mean HLS being 3.1±1.2. Most participants (81.4%) had2-4 healthy components, while only 0.7% (0.2% in men and 1.0% in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles. Participants who were women, at younger age, with more schooling and rural residents, were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle. After ten years, the mean HLS showed a slight decrease. <b>Conclusion:b> The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low. Levels of 'healthy lifestyle' varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.
Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

<b>Objective:b> To understand the dairy product intake in residents of Shanghai, its seasonal changes and the influencing factors. <b>Methods:b> A group of representative residents was surveyed and followed up in four seasons in Shanghai during 2012-2014. Information of the dairy product intake was collected by food frequency questionnaire. <b>Results:b> Liquid milk and yogurt were the main dairy products consumed by the residents of Shanghai. The annual dairy product intake rate was 41.8%, and the median of dairy intake of milk was 145.3 g/d, accounting for 48.4% of reference dietary intake value, and only 4.5% of people's diary product intake reached intake reference value. The area specific differences in intake rate of liquid milk, yogurt and total dairy product intake were significant in four seasons and in whole year (P<0.05). The area specific differences in total dairy product intake were significant (P<0.05) in spring, summer and winter. In general, it was shown that dairy product intake in urban area was higher than that in suburban area and in rural area. The data of Shanghai and urban area showed that the total dairy product intake was significant different among four seasons (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed among four seasons in suburban and rural areas. The logistic regression analysis results showed that people with average household income higher than local average level or higher education levels were more likely to consume dairy products daily. People who reported to have good health status or sleep quality were more likely to drink milk compared to those who have worse health status or sleep quality (P<0.05). <b>Conclusions:b> Even though dairy product intake rate and volume have been improved in residents in Shanghai, it is still stay at lower level, especially in rural area. To promote consumption of dairy products, it is necessary to control diary product price from macro perspective, and strengthen healthy education about the importance of dairy product intake and guide residents to select suitable dairy products.
Animals ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Humans ; Milk ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) was designed to prospectively access local residents' food consumption, energy and nutrient intake, related chemical contaminant exposure, and the seasonal change trend to explore the relationship of diet with health. Data from SDHS can be used as fundamental information and scientific evidences for the development of local nutrition and food safety policies.
China ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Health Surveys ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys