Myxedema coma is associated with decreased mental status and hyponatremia among patients with diagnosed or undiagnosed hypothyroidism. The diagnosis is challenging in the absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, but should be considered as a differential even in cases with competing established diagnoses. All patients should receive intensive care level treatment. Even with optimal treatment, mortality is very high.
Myxedema ; Coma

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland and the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Classic clinical findings include ophthalmopathy (exophthalmos), dermopathy (pretibial myxedema) and thyroid acropachy. The triad of Graves' clinical findings occurs in less than 1% of Graves' patients. We present a case of Graves' disease with the clinical triad of exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and thyroid acropachy.
Exophthalmos ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Myxedema ; Thyroid Gland

A case of generalized primary amyloidosis with a reveiw of the literatures is reported. The 38 year old patient suffered from malabsorption syndrome for a year and was presented chronic renal failure with renal enlargment, myxedema and hemorrhagic gastritis. Biopsy of kidney and stomach revealed characteristic findings of amyloidosis by congo red stain and electronmicroscopy.
Adult ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Congo Red ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malabsorption Syndromes* ; Myxedema ; Stomach

Hypertrichosis is an overgrowth of hair not localized to the anclro en dependent areas of the skin. It may be congenital or acquired, localized or generalized localized hypertrichosis may occur in some types of pigrnentary nevi, chronic inflammation or irration, topical application of androgen or steroid, & localized myxedema. We report herein three i:ases of unilateral localized hypertrichosis with or without a brownish hyperpigmented patch developing on the face of a male adol scent. There are no known cau:,es of localized hyper trichosis. Histopath logically, it is characterized by increased melaniii pigment in the basal layer of the epidermis & enlarged hair follicles containing coarser liair. Electron microscopic findings show normal size & number of melanosomes in both mela nocytes & keratinocytes. Our cases differ frorn BecLers nevus in both clinical & histopatholcgic characteristics.
Epidermis ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Hypertrichosis* ; Inflammation ; Keratinocytes ; Logic ; Male ; Melanosomes ; Myxedema ; Nevus ; Skin

Pretibial myxedema, which consists of localized cutaneous accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharides, oceurs in a few patients with hyperthyroidi';m after its correction by surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. We report a case of pretibial myxedema with exophthalmos in a 36 year old male. He has suffered from hyperthyroidism with bilateral pretibial myxedema for a period of 4 years. He was treated with a subtotal thyroidectomy and excision of both pletibia lesions 1 year ago. The lesions recurred on t,he left pretibial area, as a 11 X 16cm sized, non pitting, non tender, swollen, brownish plaque. The histopathologic findings showed epidermal hyperkeratosis and a considerable arnount of mucin in the mid-dermis. We treat.ed him with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide with marked improvement.
Adult ; Exophthalmos ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Injections, Intralesional ; Iodine ; Male ; Mucins ; Myxedema* ; Thyroidectomy ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) is a asymptomatic localized thickening of the pretibial skin due to deposition of acid mucopolysacharides (glycosaminoglycans). PTM, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and thyroid acropachy are the triad of classic extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. PTM usually follows the onset of GO, and PTM develops after the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. We report here on a 51-year-old female who presented with painful, well demarcated hyperpigmented plaques with nonpitting edema on both lower legs. The histopathologic findings showed an increased accumulation of mucin throughout dermis. In our patient, PTM was the earliest manifestation and this led to the diagnosis of Graves' disease.
Dermis ; Edema ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Myxedema ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland

Pretibial myxedema (PTM) is a asymptomatic localized thickening of the pretibial skin due to deposition of acid mucopolysacharides (glycosaminoglycans). PTM, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and thyroid acropachy are the triad of classic extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. PTM usually follows the onset of GO, and PTM develops after the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. We report here on a 51-year-old female who presented with painful, well demarcated hyperpigmented plaques with nonpitting edema on both lower legs. The histopathologic findings showed an increased accumulation of mucin throughout dermis. In our patient, PTM was the earliest manifestation and this led to the diagnosis of Graves' disease.
Dermis ; Edema ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Myxedema ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland

Rhabdomyolysis is defined as skeletal muscle injury with release of muscle cell constituents into the plasma. Trauma and drugs are important causes of rhabdomyolysis and not rarely it is associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetic coma, severe electrolyte disturbances and myxedema coma. There are a few reports about rhabdomyolysis developed in patient with thyroid storm. which is defined as a sudden, life threatening exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis. In this report, we described the case of thyroid storm complicated by rhabdomyolysis.
Coma ; Diabetic Coma ; Humans ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myxedema ; Plasma ; Rhabdomyolysis* ; Thyroid Crisis* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyrotoxicosis

Pretibial myxedema is a rare condition whieh may occur following the active or treated hyperthyroidism. The preeise cause of pretibial myxedema is not known, but it is now established the Long Acting Thyroid Stimulator(LATS) is 7S-gammaglobulin, that it is present in the serum of 80% of patients with hyperthyroidism and that its activity is as being an autoantibody against a thyroid antigen, retroorbital tissues and in the skin. A 28-year old pregnant housewife was well until age 24 when she developed hyperthyroidism with swelling of the thyroid gland, exopbthalmos and clubbing of the fingers. She was treated with subtotal thyroidectomy 2 years ago at other clinic. The skin lesions revealed circumscribed, firm, and elevated nodules with excess hair growth on shin and dorsum of feet since their onset of one and half years to visit to our hospital. The hiatologic findings showed considerable amounts of mucin especially in the midportion of the dermis. The leaions were improved by the local application of 0.01% Fluocinolone acetonide(Synalar') ointment with occlusive dressing technique.
Adult ; Dermis ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Mucins ; Myxedema* ; Occlusive Dressings ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroidectomy

Pretibial myxedema, which consists of localized cutaneous accumulations of acid mucopolyeaccharides, occurs in a small percentage of patients with diffuse toxic goiter. Pretibial myxedema may also occur during the course of nonthyrotoxic thyroid disease. A case of pretibial myxedema with diffuse toxic goiter in 64 year-old female is reported. She has been suffered from thickened yellowish waxy pIaques on both pretibial areas and left dorsum of foot. Initial skin lesions developed about 7 months ago, and increased its size and numbers insidiously. Diagnosis was confirmed by characteristic clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings. Literatures were reviewed.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Foot ; Goiter* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxedema* ; Skin ; Thyroid Diseases