1.Protective Immunity and Antibody Response of Rats Infected with Trichinella spiralis
Fushi QUAN ; Haengsook LEE ; Myungsook CHUNG ; Sungweon CHO ; Kyounghwan JOO ; Joonsang LEE ; Hanjong RIM
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 2008;26(2):119-123
Objective To study the protective immunity and antibody(IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a)response against adult and larva infection of T.spiralis Korean isolate in rats.Methods Fony-six rats were randomly divided into 7 groups.Group A(A1,A2,10 rats)was used for the determination of protective efficacy from adult stage infection,group B (B1,B2,14 rats)was for the protective efficacy from muscle larva stage infection,group C(C1,C2,17 rats)was for challenge control,and group D(5 rats)served as normal control.Rats in groups A,B and C were infected with 1000 T.spiralis muscle larvae,and the infected rats were treated with flubendazole(20 mg/ks,10 d)at day 7(A1,A2) and at day 30(B1,B2).Rats in groups A and B were re-infected with 500 T.spiralis muscle larvae at day 10 after treatment.Rats in groups A1 and B1 were killed at day 7 and day 30 to inspect the reduction of adult worms in the intestines.Rats in groups A2 and B2 were killed at day 30 to detect the reduction of muscle larvae in diaphragms.Rats in groups C and D were killed at the same time,and all rats were bled at the same time.Specific anti-Trichinella IgG,IsG1 and IgG2a were detected by ELISA.Results Adult stage infection induced protective efficacy by 100% against adult stage and by 99.96% against larva stage.Larval stage infection induced protective efficacy by 99.92% against adult stage and 99.89% against muscle larvae.Anti-muscle stage larval ES Ag(IgG 3.0,IgG1 2.2,IgG2a 0.8)and anti-adult crude Ag antibodies(IgG 1.9,IgG1 0.8,IgG2a 0.3) significantly increased in the muscle larval stage infection compared to normal control(IgG 0.5,IgG1 0.1,IgG2a 0.1)and adult stage infection(IgG 0.5,IgG1 0.09,IgG2a 0.09) (P<0.01).Higher specific IgG1 antibody(IgG1 2.2) in larva stage infection was shown than specific IgG2a antibody response(IgG2a 0.8)(P<0.01).Conclusion Protective immunity against both adult and larva worms has been induced from adult and muscle larva stage infections of T.spiralis.
2.CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF PRAZIQUANTEL IN RATS WITH PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO CLONORCHIS SINENSIS INFECTION
Fushi QUAN ; Hyejeong LEE ; Myungsook CHUNG ; Joonsang LEE ; Hanjong RIM ; Kyounghwan JOO
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 2000;18(2):98-102
[Objective] To study the synergic effect of praziquantel (PZQ) and host acquired immunity on Clonorchis sinensis. [Methods] Acquired immunity to C. sinensis was induced by immunization with crude adult worm antigen (AW Ag) and excretory-secretory antigen (ES Ag) or infection with C. sinensis metacercariae. The effect was assessed by the worm reduction rate compared with the control groups after challenge infection with 50 metacercariae and treated orally with a subcurative dose of praziquantel (50 mg/kg). Significant test was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Nparl way Kruskal-Wallis test. All calculations were performed by PC-SAS system. [Results] 1. PZQ was more effective against C. sinensis larvae than against adult worms in the control (P<0. 001), ES Ag (P<0.01) or crude AW Ag immunization group (P<0. 001). 2. As compared with the control, the worm reduction rate after challenge infection was significantly higher (P<0. 001) in ES Ag immunized group (35.60%) and metacercaria infection group (97.5 % ) and less in crude AW Ag group (23.4 %). The PZQ efficacy was significantly enhanced in ES Ag immunized group. [Conclusion] The efficacy of PZQ against C. sinensis could be synergically enhanced in rats by inducing host acquired immunity.
3.Instruments and Taxonomy of Workplace Bullying in Health Care Organizations.
Eun Jun PARK ; Mikyoung LEE ; Myungsook PARK
Asian Nursing Research 2017;11(4):237-245
PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the methodological issues and comprehensiveness of workplace bullying instruments and to suggest a taxonomy of psychological abuse. METHODS: Nineteen instruments applied in health care organizations and 469 questionnaire items mainly regarding psychological abuse were collected through a literature review. Three researchers classified the questionnaire items according to a “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace.” RESULTS: Many instruments of workplace bullying were developed in the 2000s using a reflective measurement model, but their psychometric property was not sufficient and the measurement model is questioned. Based on the questionnaire items, the “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace” was modified by adding two new subcategories (unachievable work and unfair treatment) and clarifying some operational definitions. According to the modified taxonomy of 11 (sub)categories, the reviewed instruments assessed 6.5 (sub)categories on average. No instrument measured all (sub)categories. Category 4.2 (disrespect, humiliation, and rejection of the person) was measured in all instruments, followed by Categories 5 (professional discredit and denigration) and 1.2 (social isolation) behaviors. CONCLUSION: The current instruments are not comprehensive enough. It is suggested that the modified taxonomy is verified and guide more reliable and inclusive instruments in the future. Furthermore, a formative measurement model, which defines a bullying as an inventory of different types of behaviors, should be used.
Aggression
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Bullying*
;
Classification*
;
Delivery of Health Care*
;
Hostility
;
Psychometrics
;
Surveys and Questionnaires
4.A Qualitative Study on Interpersonal Relationships of Patients with Facial Burn Injuries: Phenomenological Study
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2019;49(3):263-273
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to explore the experience of patients with facial burn injuries regarding their interpersonal relationships. METHODS: The phenomenological research method was used. Participants of the study consisted of five males and three females. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from November, 2014 to February, 2015 and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Five theme clusters were extracted that described patients' experiences. They are “being a lonely foreigner,” “closing my mind toward the world,” “hiding hurt feelings,” “companion of my face,” and “communicating with the world”. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a deep understanding and insight into the experience of interpersonal relationships among facial burn patients. The development of a comprehensive program including physical, psychological, and social aspects is recommended to address the problems facial burn patients encounter in interpersonal relationships and to facilitate interaction.
Burns
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Facial Injuries
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Interpersonal Relations
;
Male
;
Methods
;
Qualitative Research
5.A Qualitative Study on Interpersonal Relationships of Patients with Facial Burn Injuries: Phenomenological Study
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2019;49(3):263-273
PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study was to explore the experience of patients with facial burn injuries regarding their interpersonal relationships.
METHODS:
The phenomenological research method was used. Participants of the study consisted of five males and three females. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from November, 2014 to February, 2015 and analyzed using Colaizzi's method.
RESULTS:
Five theme clusters were extracted that described patients' experiences. They are “being a lonely foreigner,â€â€œclosing my mind toward the world,â€â€œhiding hurt feelings,â€â€œcompanion of my face,†and “communicating with the worldâ€.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study provide a deep understanding and insight into the experience of interpersonal relationships among facial burn patients. The development of a comprehensive program including physical, psychological, and social aspects is recommended to address the problems facial burn patients encounter in interpersonal relationships and to facilitate interaction.
6.Erratum.
Jisook YIM ; Yangsoon LEE ; Myungsook KIM ; Young Hee SEO ; Wan Hee KIM ; Dongeun YONG ; Seok Hoon JEONG ; Kyungwon LEE ; Yunsop CHONG
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2015;35(6):666-666
This erratum is being published to correct the printing error on page 96.
7.Weissella confusa Bacteremia in an Immune-Competent Patient with Underlying Intramural Hematomas of the Aorta.
Wonmok LEE ; Sun Mi CHO ; Myungsook KIM ; Young Guk KO ; Dongeun YONG ; Kyungwon LEE
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2013;33(6):459-462
No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
;
Aorta/pathology
;
Bacteremia/*complications/drug therapy/*microbiology
;
Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use
;
Female
;
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*pathology
;
Hematoma/*complications
;
Humans
;
*Immunocompromised Host
;
Middle Aged
;
Phylogeny
;
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
;
Sequence Analysis, DNA
;
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
;
Weissella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology
8.Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Yeast Clinical Isolates from Three Hospitals in Korea, 2001 to 2007.
Mi Kyung LEE ; Dongeun YONG ; Myungsook KIM ; Mi Na KIM ; Kyungwon LEE
The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2010;30(4):364-372
BACKGROUND: We utilized results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Program to evaluate the species distribution and fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities of yeast isolates from clinical specimens in South Korea from 2001 to 2007. METHODS: Data were collected on 5,665 yeast isolates from all body sites at three locations. All investigators tested clinical yeast isolates using the CLSI M44-A disk diffusion method. Test plates were automatically read and results were recorded using the BIOMIC image analysis plate reader system (Giles Scientific, USA). Species, drug, zone diameter, susceptibility category, and quality control results were collected quarterly via e-mail for analysis. RESULTS: Candida albicans was the most common isolate, but a progressive increase in non-C. albicans Candida and noncandidal yeast species has been observed in recent years. The overall percentages of isolates in each category (susceptible, susceptible dose dependent, and resistant) were 98.8%, 0.5%, and 0.7% and 99.2%, 0.2%, and 0.6% for fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Candida of 3 species exhibited decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (<90% S) in the order of that seen with the resistant (R) species: C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. glabrata. Emerging resistance to fluconazole or voriconazole was documented among isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon spp., and Rhodotorula spp. CONCLUSIONS: The species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of yeasts may differ according to specimen type, testing method, hospital, and geographic region. Therefore, further large-scaled, long-term surveillance studies are needed to isolate yeasts and to confirm the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of yeast isolates from clinical specimens in Korea.
Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
;
Candida/isolation & purification
;
Cryptococcus neoformans/isolation & purification
;
Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
;
*Drug Resistance, Fungal
;
Fluconazole/pharmacology
;
Hospitals
;
Humans
;
Pyrimidines/pharmacology
;
Republic of Korea
;
Rhodotorula/isolation & purification
;
Triazoles/pharmacology
;
Trichosporon/isolation & purification
;
Yeasts/*drug effects/isolation & purification
9.Detection of mecA in Strains with Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Tests for Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus.
Yangsoon LEE ; Chang Ki KIM ; Myungsook KIM ; Dongeun YONG ; Kyungwon LEE ; Yunsop CHONG
The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2007;27(4):276-280
BACKGROUND: Cinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommends the use of cefoxitin disks instead of long-used oxacillin disks for screening methicillin-resistant isolates of staphylococci. The frequency of discrepant results and accuracy of the tests were evaluated by detecting mecA gene. METHODS: A total of 3,123 Stapylococci isolates from patients in Severance Hospital were tested during September 2005 to August 2006 by the CLSI-recommended test using both cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. The mecA gene was detected by PCR and the oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using agar dilution method for the isolates with discrepant tests. RESULTS: Among 1,915 S. aureus islolates tested, one isolate was resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk; the isolate did not have mecA gene. Another isolate susceptible to oxacillin but resistant to cefoxitin had mecA gene. Among 1,208 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates, 15 isolates were resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk; the isolates did not have mecA genes. Two isolates susceptible to oxacillin disk but resistant to cefoxitin disk had mecA genes. Among the 16 Staphylococcus isolates that did not have mecA gene, 15 isolates had the oxacillin MICs of < or =2 microgram/mL and were considered as methicillin-susceptible, while 1 isolate with the MIC of 4 microgram/mL was considered as methicillin-resistant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 1.9% of staphylococcal isolates showed discrepant results when the screening tests were performed by using oxacillin and cefoxitin disks. None of the isolates resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk had mecA gene. In conclusion, the cefoxitin disk test is more reliable than oxacillin disk test in screening methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
;
Bacterial Proteins/analysis/*genetics
;
Cefoxitin/*pharmacology
;
*Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
;
Humans
;
Methicillin/pharmacology
;
Methicillin Resistance
;
Oxacillin/*pharmacology
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
;
Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/isolation & purification
10.Detection of mecA in Strains with Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Tests for Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus.
Yangsoon LEE ; Chang Ki KIM ; Myungsook KIM ; Dongeun YONG ; Kyungwon LEE ; Yunsop CHONG
The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2007;27(4):276-280
BACKGROUND: Cinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommends the use of cefoxitin disks instead of long-used oxacillin disks for screening methicillin-resistant isolates of staphylococci. The frequency of discrepant results and accuracy of the tests were evaluated by detecting mecA gene. METHODS: A total of 3,123 Stapylococci isolates from patients in Severance Hospital were tested during September 2005 to August 2006 by the CLSI-recommended test using both cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. The mecA gene was detected by PCR and the oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using agar dilution method for the isolates with discrepant tests. RESULTS: Among 1,915 S. aureus islolates tested, one isolate was resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk; the isolate did not have mecA gene. Another isolate susceptible to oxacillin but resistant to cefoxitin had mecA gene. Among 1,208 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates, 15 isolates were resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk; the isolates did not have mecA genes. Two isolates susceptible to oxacillin disk but resistant to cefoxitin disk had mecA genes. Among the 16 Staphylococcus isolates that did not have mecA gene, 15 isolates had the oxacillin MICs of < or =2 microgram/mL and were considered as methicillin-susceptible, while 1 isolate with the MIC of 4 microgram/mL was considered as methicillin-resistant. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 1.9% of staphylococcal isolates showed discrepant results when the screening tests were performed by using oxacillin and cefoxitin disks. None of the isolates resistant to oxacillin disk but susceptible to cefoxitin disk had mecA gene. In conclusion, the cefoxitin disk test is more reliable than oxacillin disk test in screening methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
;
Bacterial Proteins/analysis/*genetics
;
Cefoxitin/*pharmacology
;
*Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests
;
Humans
;
Methicillin/pharmacology
;
Methicillin Resistance
;
Oxacillin/*pharmacology
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
;
Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/isolation & purification