Objective To study the protective immunity and antibody(IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a)response against adult and larva infection of T.spiralis Korean isolate in rats.Methods Fony-six rats were randomly divided into 7 groups.Group A(A1,A2,10 rats)was used for the determination of protective efficacy from adult stage infection,group B (B1,B2,14 rats)was for the protective efficacy from muscle larva stage infection,group C(C1,C2,17 rats)was for challenge control,and group D(5 rats)served as normal control.Rats in groups A,B and C were infected with 1000 T.spiralis muscle larvae,and the infected rats were treated with flubendazole(20 mg/ks,10 d)at day 7(A1,A2) and at day 30(B1,B2).Rats in groups A and B were re-infected with 500 T.spiralis muscle larvae at day 10 after treatment.Rats in groups A1 and B1 were killed at day 7 and day 30 to inspect the reduction of adult worms in the intestines.Rats in groups A2 and B2 were killed at day 30 to detect the reduction of muscle larvae in diaphragms.Rats in groups C and D were killed at the same time,and all rats were bled at the same time.Specific anti-Trichinella IgG,IsG1 and IgG2a were detected by ELISA.Results Adult stage infection induced protective efficacy by 100% against adult stage and by 99.96% against larva stage.Larval stage infection induced protective efficacy by 99.92% against adult stage and 99.89% against muscle larvae.Anti-muscle stage larval ES Ag(IgG 3.0,IgG1 2.2,IgG2a 0.8)and anti-adult crude Ag antibodies(IgG 1.9,IgG1 0.8,IgG2a 0.3) significantly increased in the muscle larval stage infection compared to normal control(IgG 0.5,IgG1 0.1,IgG2a 0.1)and adult stage infection(IgG 0.5,IgG1 0.09,IgG2a 0.09) (P<0.01).Higher specific IgG1 antibody(IgG1 2.2) in larva stage infection was shown than specific IgG2a antibody response(IgG2a 0.8)(P<0.01).Conclusion Protective immunity against both adult and larva worms has been induced from adult and muscle larva stage infections of T.spiralis.

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Aorta/pathology ; Bacteremia/*complications/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*complications/drug therapy/*pathology ; Hematoma/*complications ; Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Weissella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal disorder that may deteriorate life quality significantly. There is no specific way of curing IBS but to rely on symptomatic and supportive treatment as well as changes in lifestyle. Previous studies have suggested that physical exercise might be effective for improving IBS symptoms. However, evidence does not exist for Korean population. This study was performed to evaluate the association of physical activity with IBS. METHODS: A total of 706 women nurses with shift work in a university affiliated tertiary hospital were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire asking IBS symptoms (Rome III criteria), depression (Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale), anxiety (Goldberg's Short Screening Scale for Anxiety, GAS), stress (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument), demographic characteristics, and health behavior. The association between IBS and physical activity was examined using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Prevalence of IBS was 37.5% and the most common subtype of IBS was mixed constipation and diarrhea (70.6%). Neither physical activity nor regular exercise was not associated with IBS. IBS was independently associated with higher level of anxiety (GAS score > or = 5), tolerable dysmenorrhea, and troublesome dysmenorrhea with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.10 (1.37-3.22), 2.83 (1.39-5.75), and 2.56 (1.21-5.40), respectively. CONCLUSION: In Korean women nurses with shift work, IBS was not associated with physical activity. However, the higher level of anxiety and dysmenorrhea were independently associated with increased risk of IBS.
Anxiety ; Constipation ; Depression ; Diarrhea ; Dysmenorrhea ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Exertion ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: beta-lactam antibiotics are one of the most common antimicrobial agents. However, the increasing of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria makes these agents less useful. Therefore, agents stable for beta-lactamase have been developed. This study was conducted to determine the activities of the combination agent ceftriaxone-sulbactam and to compare its activities with other agents. METHODS: A total of 437 clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were collected in Severance Hospital from 2007 to 2011. Using 23 antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) agar dilution method. RESULTS: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone-sulbactam were similar to or lower than those of other beta-lactam antibiotics for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and viridans group streptococci. For Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and H. parainfluenzae, ceftriaxone and the ceftriaxone-sulbactam combination also show low MIC50 and MIC90. For extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, the MICs of ceftriaxone-sulbactam were lower than those of other cephalosporins. Among the anaerobes, ceftriaxone-sulbactam showed good activity compared to ceftriaxone alone for the Bacteroides fragilis group, B. thetaiotaomicron, other Bacteroides sp., Prevotella sp., and Porphyromonas sp. CONCLUSIONS: Ceftriaxone-sulbactam showed good antimicrobial activity and thus is useful for the treatment of infections by MSSA, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, viridans group streptococci, M. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, B. fragilis group, B. thetaiotaomicron, other Bacteroides sp., Prevotella sp., and Porphyromonas sp.
Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Bacteroides ; Bacteroides fragilis ; beta-Lactamases ; Ceftriaxone ; Cephalosporins ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Influenza, Human ; Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Pneumonia ; Porphyromonas ; Prevotella ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Sulbactam