Previous studies by others have shown that administration of hypertonic saline (HS) induces c-fos expression in rat brain and old fibroblast cells are defective in transcription of c-fos in response to serum. The present immunohisto-chemical studies were undertaken to determine 1) the time that c-fos is expressed during the postnatal development of rat brain and 2) if there is aging-related change of c-fos expression in the osmoresponsive neurons after osmotic stimulus. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in response to HS treatment began to be detected dramatically at postnatal day (P) 14 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), and organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT). Intensity of FLI and number of Fos immunoreactive cells induced by HS were substantially reduced as rats age. Our data demonstrate for the first time that c-fos induction is decreased in aging-dependent manner and the time of c-fos induction during postnatal development is coincided with the status of differentiation in rat brain. We will interpret these findings in relation to synaptogenesis, and maturation or disability of signal transduction pathways in osmoresponsive neurons in rat brain.
Aging* ; Animals ; Brain ; Fibroblasts ; Hypothalamus ; Neurons* ; Osmoregulation* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Signal Transduction ; Supraoptic Nucleus

The da Vinci SP Surgical System (dVSP; Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was introduced to perform pure single-incision surgery in 2018. This new surgical platform demonstrated favorable performance compared with the positive aspect of single-incision laparoscopic surgery and robot surgery. To date, its use has mainly been in urological and gynecological procedures. We report a case of successful robotic single-incision right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer with the dVSP.
Cecal Neoplasms ; Laparoscopy

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) proliferation and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as one of the important mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy but little is known about the antioxidative action of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) on AGEs. We hypothesized that statin might reduce AGEs-induced intracellular ROS of VSMCs and analyzed the possible mechanism of action of statin in AGEs-induced cellular signaling. Aortic smooth muscle cell of Sprague-Dawley rat (RASMC) culture was done using the different levels of AGEs stimulation in the presence or absence of statin. The proliferation of RASMC, ROS formation and cellular signaling was evaluated and neointimal formation after balloon injury in diabetic rats was analyzed. Increasing concentration of AGEs stimulation was associated with increased RASMC proliferation and increased ROS formation and they were decreased with statin in a dose-dependent manner. Increased NF-kappaB p65, phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, cyclooxygenase-2, and c-jun by AGEs stimulation were noted and their expression was inhibited by statin. Neointimal formation after balloon injury was much thicker in diabetic rats than the sham-treated group but less neointimal growth was observed in those treated with statin after balloon injury. Increased ROS formation, subsequent activation of MAPK system and increased VSMC proliferation may be possible mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy induced by AGEs and statin may play a key role in the treatment of AGEs-induced diabetic atherosclerosis.
Animals ; Aorta/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Diabetic Angiopathies/*drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced/*metabolism ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress/*drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Simvastatin/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism