PURPOSE: This study was to develop and evaluate the clinical utility of a nursing educational program to reduce the cancer worry of colorectal cancer patients' family members (RCW-FM) in Korea. METHODS: The RCW-FM was developed based on several preliminary studies: an ethnographic and two quantitative studies to understand the educational needs among Korean colorectal cancer patients and their families. A one week clinical genetic educational course for clinical cancer nurses was implemented, and the RCW-FM led by cancer genetic nurses was constructed. A one group pretest-posttest design was implicated to evaluate the change of the family members' knowledge about colorectal cancer (KCR) and the level of the reduction of cancer worry (CWR). RESULTS: The mean score for KCR significantly increased from 11.75+/-1.28 to 13.87+/-1.13 (p<.05). The mean score of CWR was 4.25+/-.89. CONCLUSION: This new RCW-FM is a satisfactory educational program for reducing the cancer worry of the colorectal patients' family members. But it needs to provide more practical, specific information including a long term perspective, tailored specifically for what Korean families want to know. It should also incorporate the preventive guidelines recommended for high risk hereditary or familial colorectal cancer.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing*

Purpose: Intrahepatic recurrence has a significant effect on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We aimed to determine if there are useful indicators in predicting the recurrence of liver cancer after a hepatic resection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 210 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy between January 2009 and December 2015. We examined clinic-pathological variables comparing 2 groups of HCC patients, either intrahepatic recurrence or not. Results: We divided 184 patients into 2 groups; 94 patients (51.1%) with intrahepatic recurrence and 90 patients (48.9%) without intrahepatic recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed operation type, preoperative α-FP, postoperative protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) elevation, and multiple tumor number were closely associated with intrahepatic recurrence. The preoperative PIVKA-II level was not statistically significant in postoperative intrahepatic recurrence rate. The recurrence rate was 46.2% in 132 of 184 cases of α-FP < 100 ng/mL group. Of the 184 cases, α-FP 100–200 ng/mL were 14 cases (12 cases recurred (85.7%)). Alpha-fetoprotein > 200 ng/mL was 38 of 184 cases, 21 of which recurred (55.3%). According to the multivariate analysis, OR ratio was 8.003 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.549–41.353) in the α-FP 100–200 ng/mL group and 1.867 (95% CI, 0.784–4.444) in α-FP 200 ng/mL or higher group (P = 0.013). Three-year survival rate of intrahepatic recurrence patients was 80.7%, 3-year survival rate of no intrahepatic recurrence patients was 95.0%. Conclusion The intrahepatic recurrence rates were high in the group preop α-FP over 100 ng/mL. Close observation is needed. Prospective study for α-FP genes of HCC patients should be planned for predicting intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy.

PURPOSE: There recurred controversies related to legal allowance of abortion since newly advancing prenatal genetic testing technology. This survey was aimed to identify the attitudes toward marriage, and pregnancy (AMP) and terminating pregnancy (ATP) among Korean nursing students. METHOD: A descriptive study was performed from October to November 2012 in South Korea. 424 nursing students responded to two types of tools developed by authors. Questionnaire for ATP is consisted of 10 items with 5-points Likert Scale. Questionnaire for AMP is 12 items containing 5 categories. RESULTS: Mean score of ATP was 36.90. Students that are enrolled in bachelor degree had a significant higher ATP. Students who are currently dating with an opposite gender showed much higher level of ATP than those are not. Lower group of delayed the time of getting marriage and pregnancy showed highest score of ATP, significantly. CONCLUSION: Individual factor must be primarily considered when assessing ATP of nursing students, for example current relationship with opposite gender and educational background, attitude toward marriage and pregnancy. Further studies are needed to identify personal factors of the young adults affecting on the ATP.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Korea ; Marriage* ; Pregnancy* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a nursing educational program improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention. METHODS: An eight-hour long educational program was developed based on several preliminary research projects, one ethnography and three quantitative projects, to identify the educational needs among nursing students and professionals in Korea. Thirty two nursing professionals were recruited for a one group pretest-posttest design. Three questionnaires were used to measure cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention, cultural competency and perceived importance of nurses' quality. RESULTS: After completing the educational program, the clinical nurses showed a significant change in the mean score of the cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention from 4.78±2.01 to 8.81±1.52 (t=-8.48, p<.001) and the level of the cultural competency from 72.47±8.96 to 83.59±8.61 (t=-6.16, p<.001). Clinical nurses' perception of 'Communication ability with patients and family members' changed from 6th to 2nd most importance but 'Having a passion for the patient care' remained the most important perceived factor of nurses' quality after completing the educational program. CONCLUSION: The educational program developed was effective in improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention. However, it needs to be improved more to be culturally specific to multi-cultural clients.
Anthropology, Cultural ; Cultural Competency* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to propose a teaching model to improve the cultural competence care of undergraduate Korean nursing students. METHODS: A literature review was performed from 2000 through 2014 using internet to identify studies that presented nursing curricula and teaching-learning strategies in Korea. We analyzed retrieved Korean seven articles using Campinha-Bacote's ASKED model in combination with reflective experiences of authors observing classrooms in the U.S. RESULTS: Six syllabuses presented information about cultural diversity nursing concepts in Korea. A traditional lecture focused on presenting contents about cultural knowledge by an instructor in the classroom was identified as a commonly used teaching strategy. We found that cultural competency related to cultural desire, awareness, and encounter was lacking. Thus, we developed teaching model based on the Korean nursing education contexts and combined with Campinha-Bacote model to improve cultural competency in nursing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed teaching model shows promise as a strategy for improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to cultural competent for undergraduate nursing students in Korea. However, evidences that this model improves nursing students' clinical practices reflecting cultural competent care are still lacking. Future research focusing on determining teaching methods and contents in clinical practices will be most effective.
Cultural Competency* ; Cultural Diversity ; Curriculum ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing* ; Teaching ; Transcultural Nursing

BACKGROUND: Travel-related risks for infectious diseases vary depending on travel patterns such as purpose, destination, and duration. In this study, we describe the patterns of travel and prescription of vaccines as well as malaria prophylaxis medication (MPM) at a travel clinic in South Korea to identify the gaps to fill for the optimization of pre-travel consultation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of travel clinic visitors in 2011 was constructed and early one-third of the visitors of each month were reviewed. During the study period, 10,009 visited the travel clinic and a retrospective chart review was performed for 3,332 cases for analysis of travel patterns and prescriptions. RESULTS: People receiving yellow fever vaccine (YFV) (n = 2,933) were traveling more frequently for business and tourism and less frequently for providing non-medical service or research/education compared to the 399 people who did not receive the YFV. Overall, most people were traveling to Eastern Africa, South America, and Western Africa, while South-Eastern Asia was the most common destination for the non-YFV group. Besides YFV, the typhoid vaccine was the most commonly prescribed (54.2%), while hepatitis A presented the highest coverage (74.7%) considering the natural immunity, prior and current vaccination history. Additionally, 402 (82.5%) individuals received a prescription for MPM among the 487 individuals travelling to areas with high-risk of malaria infection. Age over 55 was independently associated with receiving MPM prescription, while purpose of providing service and travel duration over 10 days were associated with no MPM prescription, despite travelling to high-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Eastern Africa and South America were common travel destinations among the visitors to a travel clinic for YFV, and most of them were travelling for tourism and business. For the individuals who are traveling to areas with high-risk for malaria, more proactive approach might be required in case of younger age travelers, longer duration, and travel purpose of providing service to minimize the risk of malaria infection.
Africa, Eastern ; Africa, Western ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Asia ; Cohort Studies ; Commerce ; Communicable Diseases ; Hepatitis A ; Immunity, Innate ; Korea* ; Malaria ; Prescriptions* ; Retrospective Studies ; South America ; Travel Medicine ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines ; Vaccination* ; Vaccines ; Yellow Fever Vaccine ; Yellow Fever*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics??and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency
Cultural Competency* ; Cultural Diversity ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: Few studies on how to diagnose pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors through morphometric analysis have been reported. In this study, we measured and analyzed the characteristic parameters of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors using an image analyzer to aid in diagnosis. METHODS: Sixteen cases of typical carcinoid tumor, 5 cases of atypical carcinoid tumor, 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, and 51 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma were analyzed. Using an image analyzer, we measured the nuclear area, perimeter, and the major and minor axes. RESULTS: The mean nuclear area was 0.318+/-0.101 microm2 in typical carcinoid tumors, 0.326+/-0.119 microm2 in atypical carcinoid tumors, 0.314+/-0.107 microm2 in small cell carcinomas, and 0.446+/-0.145 microm2 in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The mean nuclear circumference was 2.268+/-0.600 microm in typical carcinoid tumors, 2.408+/-0.680 microm in atypical carcinoid tumors, 2.158+/-0.438 microm in small cell carcinomas, and 3.247+/-1.276 microm in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. All parameters were useful in distinguishing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from other tumors (p=0.001) and in particular, nuclear circumference was the most effective (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors showed nuclear morphology differences by subtype. Therefore, evaluation of quantitative nuclear parameters improves the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Neuroendocrine Tumors

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are serious threats to worldwide tuberculosis control, but the national burden and the trends of infectious spread are largely unknown. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of drug sensitivity tests and medical records of patients that were diagnosed with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and were admitted to the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital between 2001 and 2005. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2005, the proportion of MDR-TB among new cases was 9.2%, 13.8%, 16.9%, 23% and 27.0% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the proportion of MDR-TB among previously treated cases was 58.5%, 60.2%, 62.7%, 61.7% and 71.3% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. A significant increasing trend could be discerned for MDR-TB among both new and previously treated cases (p<0.001, p=0.002 for trend, respectively). The proportion of XDR-TB among new cases was 0%, 2.3%, 3.1%, 2.5% and 6.3% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the proportion of XDR-TB among previously treated cases was 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9% and 19.1% in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. A significant increasing trend could be discerned for XDR-TB among both new and previously treated cases (p=0.005, p<0.001 for trend, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both MDR-B and XDR-TB were gradually increased among both new and previously treated cases. Integrated national surveillance, including the public and private sectors, will be needed to estimate the exact status of antituberculous drug resistance.
Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nitroimidazoles ; Private Sector ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfonamides ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare cause of labyrinthine hydrops. The otologic symptoms of SIH include ear fullness, tinnitus, and hearing loss which can result from labyrinthine hydrops. We report a case of labyrinthine hydrops caused by SIH, confirmed by an audiometric impairment that occurred only when in an upright posture.
Cochlear Aqueduct ; Ear ; Edema* ; Hearing Loss ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Posture ; Tinnitus