PURPOSE: This micro-ethnographic study aimed to understand coping experiences of Korean-American (K-A) women after diagnosis with breast cancer due to a hereditary gene mutation. METHODS: Participatory observation and in-depth interviews were performed at one breast cancer screening center in Southern California, in 2005 with eleven first generation K-A immigrant women. All transcribed interviews and field notes were analyzed using ethnographic methodology. RESULTS: K-A women's experience varied based on acculturation risk factors including: limited English speaking ability; disrupted family relationships, individualistic family values, or intergenerational communication barriers; lack of Korean speaking nurses; and Korean physicians' who lacked knowledge about hereditary breast cancer risk. These risk factors led to isolation, loneliness, lack of emotional and social support. In comparison to Korean homeland women in a similar medical situation, these K-A immigrants felt disconnected from the healthcare system, family support and social resources which increased their struggling and impeded coping during their survivorship journey. These women were not able to access self-support groups, nor the valuable resources of nurse navigator programs. CONCLUSION: Professional oncology associations for nurses and physicians have a moral obligation to support and promote knowledge of hereditary cancer risk and self-help groups for non-native speaking immigrants.
Acculturation ; Asian Americans ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; California ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Mass Screening ; Moral Obligations ; Risk Factors ; Self-Help Groups ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study aims to understand the worries that patients and families with a history of colorectal cancer experience. METHODS: From January 2011 through January 2013, in-depth interviews and observations were conducted on 3 colorectal patients and 8 family members with a family history of colorectal cancer. The data were analyzed using a micro-ethnographic research method. RESULTS: After colorectal cancer patients and families realized and concerned with their increased chance of getting cancer, Eventually this worry became a motivator causing them to adhere to cancer preventive behavior. Three types of cancer worries were identified: confrontation, uneasiness, and warning. Depending on the type of cancer risk, psychological responses and cancer preventive behavior were found to be varied according on the three types of cancer worries. Patients and families tried to change dietary habits and regulary exercise. To help ease their cancer worries, they started to search for information on colon cancers and attempted to follow recommendations. However, they found that neither detailed guidelines nor systematic management from health professionals existed for families with colon cancer patients. CONCLUSION: A cancer prevention nursing program needs to be developed based on the level of cancer risk and perceived cancer worries of clients.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Food Habits ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was to develop and evaluate the clinical utility of a nursing educational program to reduce the cancer worry of colorectal cancer patients' family members (RCW-FM) in Korea. METHODS: The RCW-FM was developed based on several preliminary studies: an ethnographic and two quantitative studies to understand the educational needs among Korean colorectal cancer patients and their families. A one week clinical genetic educational course for clinical cancer nurses was implemented, and the RCW-FM led by cancer genetic nurses was constructed. A one group pretest-posttest design was implicated to evaluate the change of the family members' knowledge about colorectal cancer (KCR) and the level of the reduction of cancer worry (CWR). RESULTS: The mean score for KCR significantly increased from 11.75+/-1.28 to 13.87+/-1.13 (p<.05). The mean score of CWR was 4.25+/-.89. CONCLUSION: This new RCW-FM is a satisfactory educational program for reducing the cancer worry of the colorectal patients' family members. But it needs to provide more practical, specific information including a long term perspective, tailored specifically for what Korean families want to know. It should also incorporate the preventive guidelines recommended for high risk hereditary or familial colorectal cancer.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a nursing educational program improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention. METHODS: An eight-hour long educational program was developed based on several preliminary research projects, one ethnography and three quantitative projects, to identify the educational needs among nursing students and professionals in Korea. Thirty two nursing professionals were recruited for a one group pretest-posttest design. Three questionnaires were used to measure cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention, cultural competency and perceived importance of nurses' quality. RESULTS: After completing the educational program, the clinical nurses showed a significant change in the mean score of the cultural nursing knowledge about cancer prevention from 4.78±2.01 to 8.81±1.52 (t=-8.48, p<.001) and the level of the cultural competency from 72.47±8.96 to 83.59±8.61 (t=-6.16, p<.001). Clinical nurses' perception of 'Communication ability with patients and family members' changed from 6th to 2nd most importance but 'Having a passion for the patient care' remained the most important perceived factor of nurses' quality after completing the educational program. CONCLUSION: The educational program developed was effective in improving nursing professional's cultural competency in cancer prevention. However, it needs to be improved more to be culturally specific to multi-cultural clients.
Anthropology, Cultural ; Cultural Competency* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Colon*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to propose a teaching model to improve the cultural competence care of undergraduate Korean nursing students. METHODS: A literature review was performed from 2000 through 2014 using internet to identify studies that presented nursing curricula and teaching-learning strategies in Korea. We analyzed retrieved Korean seven articles using Campinha-Bacote's ASKED model in combination with reflective experiences of authors observing classrooms in the U.S. RESULTS: Six syllabuses presented information about cultural diversity nursing concepts in Korea. A traditional lecture focused on presenting contents about cultural knowledge by an instructor in the classroom was identified as a commonly used teaching strategy. We found that cultural competency related to cultural desire, awareness, and encounter was lacking. Thus, we developed teaching model based on the Korean nursing education contexts and combined with Campinha-Bacote model to improve cultural competency in nursing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed teaching model shows promise as a strategy for improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to cultural competent for undergraduate nursing students in Korea. However, evidences that this model improves nursing students' clinical practices reflecting cultural competent care are still lacking. Future research focusing on determining teaching methods and contents in clinical practices will be most effective.
Cultural Competency* ; Cultural Diversity ; Curriculum ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing* ; Teaching ; Transcultural Nursing

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Neck

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics??and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency
Cultural Competency* ; Cultural Diversity ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research papers published in three nursing journals to suggest the direction for Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing (JKON). METHODS: To compare JKON with Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education and Cancer Nursing, all the research papers published in those three journals, 2010 were reviewed using an analysis criteria developed by the researchers, focusing on type of research, characteristics of authors and subjects, research design, data collection and analysis methods, sample size estimation, and ethical considerations regarding data collection. RESULTS: JKON lacked research papers which were supported by research funds, produced by multidisciplinary teams, addressing cancer survivors or patients with metastatic cancers, and written in qualitative methodologies. However, JKON showed higher ratio of research papers than the other two journals which were adapted from thesis or dissertations, describing sample size estimation process precisely, and participating subjects diagnosed with various cancers. CONCLUSION: The study found out that JKON is presenting well the area of oncology nursing in Korea and also has several weak points that need to be improved. The study therefore suggested several recommendations for the JKON to take the professional and global leader roles.
Data Collection ; Education, Nursing ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Korea ; Manuscripts as Topic ; Nursing Research ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Sample Size ; Survivors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to understand current global health education and suggest its future direction for Korean undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: After reviewing literature to identify key concepts applicable to global health nursing curricula, the authors analyzed global health curricula from 98 nursing colleges by using a framework that was developed for this study. RESULTS: Among the 201 nursing colleges, 98 (48.8%) schools offered one or more global health-related courses. The titles of these courses were divided into two categories: Multiculturalism and international nursing. Multicultural courses were offered mainly for freshmen (40.5%) or sophomore students (40.5%), whereas international nursing courses were offered mainly for senior students (35.9%). These courses trained nursing students to be culturally competent in providing nursing care for immigrants or foreign travelers living in South Korea. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that interest in global health education is growing in South Korea. However, the scope and content of global health education needs to be broadened beyond multiculturalism and international nursing so that it can prepare nursing students to promote global health equity, reduce global health disparities, and work competently with globally-focused organizations.
Cultural Diversity ; Curriculum* ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Global Health* ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Students, Nursing ; Transcultural Nursing