No abstract available.
Vesicovaginal Fistula*

Rabies is a representative zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus. The discriminative features of rabies are broad range of hosts including humans, a wide variety of incubation periods ranging from a few weeks to more than a year, ability to bring about acute fetal consequence, and scare pathological lesions. Although rabies is fatal, it is preventable disease by vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). This review will focus on general features of rabies, and immunoglobulin and vaccines for PEP.
Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Oligopeptides ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Rabies ; Rabies virus ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and indication of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) using renal VX2 tumors by implantation of VX2 tumor cells under the renal capsule in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rabbits were injected with 30-40microliter VX2 tumor cells(1.2x10(7) viable cells/ml) under the renal capsule of the right kidney by right subcostal incision. On the 14th day after the tumor cells were implanted, we checked for the development of renal tumors, and the sizes and shapes(exophytic or central) of the tumors by the use of computed tomography. We performed RFA in the renal VX2 tumors with a 17G StarBurst electrode through kidney exposure. After the first and third day following RFA, renal function was checked. On the third day, we performed CT and harvested the kidneys for gross and microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: We confirmed the development of renal VX2 tumors in nine cases. Tumor shapes were exophytic in seven cases and central in two cases; the mean size of the tumors was 2.1 cm(range, 1.1-3.8cm). In all tumors, RFA was performed. From the use of enhanced CT after RFA on the third day, all of the lesions treated with RFA showed no enhancement. From the pathological findings, coagulative necroses were seen on all of the lesions treated with RFA. The necrotized tumor size after RFA was not different statistically as measured by CT and a pathological examination (p=0.833) CONCLUSIONS:: In centrally located renal tumors, we experienced thermal injury in pelvocalyceal systems. RFA is an effective method for nephron sparing surgery as the tumor cells completely disappear and there is preserved renal function and the procedure is easy to apply. We suggest that the RFA method for exophytic renal tumors is more effective than other procedures.
Rabbits ; Animals

Yellow fever is the original viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), a pansystemic viral sepsis with viremia, fever, prostration, hepatic, renal, and myocardial injury, hemorrhage, shock, and high lethality. Yellow fever was one of the most feared lethal diseases before the development of an effective vaccine. Yellow fever (YF) can be prevented by an attenuated vaccine. The yellow-fever 17D vaccine developed in the 1930s has been regarded as one of the most successful live attenuated vaccines, with few side effects or adverse events. The adverse effects associated with yellow-fever vaccine are generally mild and include headache, myalgia, and low-grade fever. Recently, however, some cases of severe neurologic disease and multi-organ system disease have been described in individuals who received yellow-fever vaccine. We report the case of a 39-year-old female with meningitis following vaccination with 17D yellow-fever vaccine.
Adult ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viremia ; Yellow Fever

Herpes zoster (HZ) has been reported in immunocompetent children who received the varicella vaccine. In vaccinated children, HZ can be caused by vaccine-strain or by wild-type varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like wild-type VZV, varicella vaccine virus can establish latency and reactivate as HZ. We report two cases of HZ in otherwise healthy 16- and 14-month-old boys who received varicella vaccine at 12 months of age. They presented with a vesicular rash on their upper extremities three to four months after varicella vaccination. In one case, a swab was obtained by abrading skin vesicles and VZV was detected in skin specimens by polymerase chain reaction. The VZV open-reading frame 62 was sequenced and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed that the virus from skin specimen was vaccinestrain. This is the first HZ case following varicella vaccination confirmed to be caused by vaccine-strain VZV in the immunocompetent children in Korea. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential for varicella vaccine virus reactivation in vaccinated young children.

Kidney length is the most useful parameter for clinical measurement of kidney size, and is useful to distinguish acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. In this prospective observational study of 437 normal children aged between 0 and < 13 years, kidney length was measured using sonography. There were good correlations between kidney length and somatic values, including age, weight, height, and body surface area. The rapid growth of height during the first 2 years of life was intimately associated with a similar increase in kidney length, suggesting that height should be considered an important factor correlating with kidney length. Based on our findings, the following regression equation for the reference values of bilateral kidney length for Korean children was obtained: kidney length of the right kidney (cm) = 0.051 × height (cm) + 2.102; kidney length of the left kidney (cm) = 0.051 × height (cm) + 2.280. This equation may aid in the diagnosis of various kidney disorders.
Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Republic of Korea ; Ultrasonography

Calciphylaxis is a rare, but fatal, condition that is characterized by a rapidly progressive ischemic necrosis of the skin, underlying tissue and other organs, as well as rapid vascular calcification. It results in death due to sepsis, heart or respiratory failure. A 67-year old female was admitted to hospital with the chief complaint of constant pain to both lower legs of 1 week duration. She was treated with calcitonin-salmon due to a prior unexplained hypercalcemia of 2 weeks. On the third day post admission. pain and weakness in the lower legs were aggravated, became painful, with violaceous skin lesions developing on the thigh with findings similar to those of rhabdomyolysis. Because she was suspected of having dermatomyositis, she was treated with methylpredrisolone. However, the skin lesions and symptoms were aggravated, and she died of sepsis due to a skin infection. About 160 cases of calciphylaxis have been reported, with most of these cases being associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to end-stage renal disease, but cases of calciphylaxis without renal failure are very rare. We now report a case of calciphylaxis without renal failure, mimicking dermatomyositis, and present a brief review of the pathophysiology and treatments of calciphylaxis inform the relevant literature.
Aged ; Calciphylaxis* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Leg ; Necrosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Sepsis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Vascular Calcification

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find whether bacteriological characteristics can affect the size and recurrent infections of the tonsil by comparing the type and number of bacteria located in the core of palatine tonsil in obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy (OTH) and recurrent tonsillitis (RT) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Palatine tonsils of patients who received tonsillectomy due to OTH and RT were studied. The excised tonsil was dissected into two pieces and one gram of the core tissue was obtained for examination. Mixture of normal saline and homogenized tissue was inoculated using various culture media. The types of isolates and bacterial concentrations in each isolate was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Commonly isolated aerobic bacteria in the order of frequency for the OTH group were Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Neisseria spp., whereas it was Neisseria spp., Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae for the RT group. Peptostreptococcus spp. was the most frequently isolated anaerobe in both OTH group and RT group. There was no statistically significant difference in types of isolates between the two groups except for Haemophilus influenzae and Bacteroides spp. The density of cultured bacteria (number of bacteria per 1 gram of tissue) was greater in the RT group than in the OTH group. CONCLUSION: There was no definite difference in the number of isolate types between the OTH group and RT group. Bacterial density was higher in the RT group than in the OTH group. Therefore, bacterial density might have an influence on the recurrence of tonsillitis.
Bacteria ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; Bacteriology* ; Bacteroides ; Culture Media ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Neisseria ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Peptostreptococcus ; Recurrence ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tonsillectomy ; Tonsillitis* ; Viridans Streptococci

Splenic lymphoma with villlous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder which affects predominantly elderly males. Most patients present with splenomegaly without lymphadenopathy and a lymphocytosis. This report describes a case of SLVL in 66 year old male who complained abdominal discomfort and abdominal mass. The leukocyte count was 47.8x109/L with 89% atypical lymphocytes showing variable amout of moderately basophilic cytoplasm and unevenly distributed or polar cytoplasmic villi. The bone marrow was effaced with these neoplastic lymphocytes. The immunophenotype of the neoplastic B cells was CD19 (+), CD20 (+), CD22 (+), CD11c (+), CD2 (-), CD3 (-), CD5 (-), CD10 (-), CD25 (-) and CD15 (-). The cytogenetic findings exhibited 46,XY,del (3) (q24),del (10) (p12). The spleen was weighted 520g and had nodular infiltrates of neoplastic B cells in the region of the white pulp with minimal red pulp involvement.
Aged ; B-Lymphocytes ; Basophils ; Bone Marrow ; Cytogenetics ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes* ; Lymphocytosis ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Male ; Spleen ; Splenomegaly

Following reports of patients with unexplained pneumonia at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the causative agent was identified as coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and the 2019 novel coronavirus disease was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. Putative patients with COVID-19 have been identified in South Korea, and attempts have been made to isolate the pathogen from these patients.