Many authors reported the etiology of hypoplasia of the nasomaxillary complex as trauma, infection, underdevelopment. To correct these deformities, Le Fort II Osteotomy and its modification has been popularly applied. This method enabled total advancement of nasomaxillary complexes and acquirememt of midfacial esthetics. But it has some limitations such as various occlusal deviation or lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex in case of nasomaxillary retrusion. We grouped these patients as follows : 1. Nasomaxillary retrusion without shifting of nasomaxillary complex (1) Anteroposterior deviation of occlusal plane (2) Lateral deviation of occlusal plane(including canting) (3) Supero-inferior deviation of occlusal plane (4) Combined disturbance of occlusal plane without shifting of nasamaxillary complex 2. Lateral shifting of nasomaxillary complex with or without deviation of occlusal plane We performed Le Fort II and I combined osteotomy on eleven cases of midfacial deformity from June 1994 to July 1997 and in most of the cases, followed up maximum 36 months and could acquire positional stability and improvement of facial eathetics.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Dental Occlusion ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Osteotomy*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of Qi hand reflexology on autonomic nerve activity in patients admitted to hospital. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group and quasi-experimental research with pre/post test design were used and 59 patients on a medical ward were assigned to either the experimental group (32) or the control group (27). The study variables included vital signs, autonomic nerve activities (ALF (absolute low frequency), AHF (absolute high frequency), nLF (normalized low frequency), nHF (normalized high frequency), SDNN (standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals)) and were evaluated using the QECG-3 system. The experimental group was treated with Qi hand reflexology for 10 minutes per day, for 3days. RESULTS: Skin temperature and systolic blood pressure in the experimental decreased with treatment. ALF, AHF and SDNN for the experimental group increased with regulating proportion (nLF: nHF=6:4) and a significant difference between the groups was observed. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that application of Qi hand reflexology for patients in the hospital is effective in regulating the autonomic nervous system activation. Implication of finding should be useful for future research.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways ; Blood Pressure ; Hand ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Massage ; Qi ; Skin Temperature ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biofeedback exercise training on muscle activity and activities of daily livings (ADL) in hemiplegic patients. An experimental group consisting of 17 people, was given biofeedback exercise training for 30- 60 minutes per week for 5 weeks, while a control group consisting of 18 people, was given normal exercise with quasi-experimental design. RESULT: The results of the study show that biofeedback exercise is effective for improving muscle activity in hemiplegic patients, especially in the hemiplegic limbs. However, this study found no significant differences in ADL and IADL between the experimental and the control groups. It implies that ADL and IADL may not be improved for a short period of time, such as 5 weeks, for people with more than five years of hemiplegia. The study suggests that the effect of biofeedback exercise on ADL and IADL should be determined in hemiplegic patients in acute stage.
Activities of Daily Living ; Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Extremities ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Stroke*

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of mothers pregnant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sample of nine mothers participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. During the infertility period, the participants were subject to self- depreciation, envy, anxiety, and depression. It changed their priorities in life from a job-oriented life to one where having a baby was the most important thing. After trying numerous alternative therapies, IVF became their last hope in having a baby. Since the success rate for IVF is low (only 20-30%), the participants for the treatment were overwhelmed with uncertainty, and it led to further anxiety, depression and despair. Success of pregnancy gave them extreme satisfaction, but they became very cautious in their day-to-day life because of their fear of abortion and early delivery. Some were even worried about the side effect of IVF during the pregnancy. Finally, the delivery of the baby gave them relief from the obligation of having a baby. Women did not have any difficulties in rearing a "test tube baby" except in the case of twins. Most women had no ethical difficulty in having a baby by IVF. However they did not wish this information to be revealed to other people. They again turned to IVF to have a son(s) when the resultory child(s) was a daughter(s). This is because of the strong preference for sons in Korean society.
Anxiety ; Complementary Therapies ; Depreciation ; Depression ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Hope ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mothers* ; Pregnancy ; Twins ; Uncertainty

No abstract available.
Apolipoproteins* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction*

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has been recently reported of diabetic ketoacidosis due to accumulation of ketone bodies in patients with severe dehydration caused from such like diarrhea even though the patient had normal glucose level. This is a case of ketoacidosis in normal glucose level as production of ketone bodies is stimulated in liver with increased secretion of glucagon by stimulation of α cells in pancreas due to increase of lipolysis caused from reducing insulin and by SGLT2 inhibitor among patients who are under concurrent insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor. Thus, insulin dosage reduction requires caution in order to control blood glucose level on combined treatment of SGLT2 inhibitor in a patient who is administering insulin because the patient may be caused ketoacidosis in normal blood glucose level.
Blood Glucose ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Diarrhea ; Glucagon ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Ketone Bodies ; Ketosis ; Lipolysis ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Sodium*

Typographical error has been detected in acknowledgements.

OBJECTIVE: The authors demonstrate neuroprotective effects of antioxidant in reperfusion injury using ischemic rat model and evaluate the clinical eligibility of this agent to ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS: Rat model was made according to Longa method. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were used and were equally divided into three groups;A) treated subcutaneously with D,L-6,8-Thioctic acid 30 minutes before occlusion, B) within one hour after occlusion, and C) with vehicle only. Neurologic examination was performed immediately and 24 hours after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, brains were extracted and stained with 2% 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolim chloride in 2mm-thickness section. Then, fixed sections were digitalized and used for infarct area calculation. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference in recorded hemodynamic and physiologic parameters between three groups. The neurologic status taken immediately following reperfusion were A) 2.67+/-0.492, B) 2.75+/-0.452, and C) 2.83+/-0.389, and were improved to A) 1.67+/-0.898, B) 1.92+/-0.900, and C) 2.08+/-0.793 just before sacrificing. However, there was no statistically significant difference between three groups. Mean volume of cerebral infarction was A) 9.5+/-1.67%, B) 10.4+/-1.58%, and C) 11.3+/-1.12% with no significant difference. Any specific correlation between the neurologic status and the mean infarction volume was not observed. CONCLUSION: Any single agent does not seem to reduce the infarction volume holistically, therefore, the incoming therapeutic target should be the development of versatile neuroprotective agents or the selection of preexisting synergistic compounds without compromising patients' safety.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Hemodynamics ; Infarction ; Models, Animal* ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury

PURPOSE: This study was to determine the effects of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback on stress, immune response, and quality of life. METHOD: The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest, quasi-experimental design. Twenty-five breast cancer patients who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. The experimental group(n=12) was provided with abdominal breathing training using biofeedback once a week for 4 weeks. State anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, serum cortisol, T cell subsets(T3, T4, T8), NK cell and quality of life were measured both before and after the intervention. RESULT: Though state anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, and serum cortisol were reduced after 4 weeks of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback, there was no statistical significance. It showed, however, improvement in quality of life (p=.02), and T3(p=.04). CONCLUSION: Abdominal breathing training using biofeedback improves quality of life in breast cancer patients after a mastectomy. However, the mechanism of this beneficial effect and stress response requires further investigation with special consideration in subject selection and frequency of measurement. Nurses should consider this strategy as a standard nursing intervention for people living with cancer.
*T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Stress, Psychological/psychology/therapy ; *Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; Mastectomy/*psychology/rehabilitation ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Humans ; Female ; *Breathing Exercises ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/*psychology/surgery ; *Biofeedback (Psychology) ; Adult

Purpose: Accumulated evidence indicates laparoscopic surgery (LS) has the advantages of less wound pain, less blood loss, shorter hospitalization, and faster functional recovery than open surgery (OS). Previous studies have analyzed the advantages of LS based on hospital data. This study is the first to compare surgical outcomes and health economic data using nationwide administrative claims datasets for gastric cancer. Methods: The claims datasets of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service for patients that underwent gastrectomy from May 2012 to April 2017 were analyzed. A total of 76,445 cases (LS, 42,395 and OS, 34,050) were included.Postoperative complications and medical costs were included in the analysis. Results: We analyzed 76,445 cases of gastrectomy. Analysis showed LS was associated with fewer surgical wound infections (2,114 [6.21%] vs. 1,057 [2.49%], p < 0.001), minor abdominal infections and abscesses (826 [2.43%] vs. 390 [0.92%], p < 0.001), cases of surgery-related peritonitis (50 [0.15%] vs. 31 [0.07%], p = 0.0019), repair surgeries (28 [0.08%] vs. 3 [0.01%], p < 0.001), reoperations (504 [1.48%] vs. 343 [0.81%], p < 0.001), less antibiotic use (1,717 [5.04%] vs. 1,268 [2.99%], p < 0.001), and shorter hospital stays (13.61 days vs. 9.97 days, p < 0.001). However, average medical cost was 510,734 Korean Won (444 US dollar) higher for LS than OS. Conclusion The study confirms the clinical benefits of LS over OS for gastrectomy in terms of fewer postoperative complications and shorter hospital stays. However, the average medical cost of LS was higher than that of OS.