No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Prevalence*

We investigated whether the two variant elements of CRE(TGcCGTCA[5'CRE], TGACcTCA[3'CRE]) in the 5'flanking region of the rat TRH gene, which are different from the CRE consensus sequence(5'-TGACGTCA-3') by one base pair, are responsive to cAMP, and whether the one base pair difference is responsible for the degree of cAMP responsiveness of the gene. When CA 77 cells were stimulated with forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine for 4 hours, the level of TRH mRNA was increased by only two fold. The transient gene expression study using serial 5'deletion of the TRH gene in PC12 cells showed that the region between-113 and-77, which includes 5'CRE, was crucial for the cAMP resonsiveness. When the plasmid, which contains the 30 bp oligonucleotide including either 5'CRE or 3'CRE ligated to the enhancerless RSV promoter, was transfected into PC12 cells, it did not significantly affect not only the basal transcription but cAMP responsiveness. The 65 bp oligonucleotide including both 5'CRE and 3'CRE, however, increased both of the basal transcription and cAMP-stimulated transcription by 2-3 fold. When the sequence of 5'CRE was converted to that of the CRE consensus by replacing one base pair, the cAMP responsiveness was increased by two fold although the basal transcription was not increased. The one base pair mutant of 3'CRE increased both of the basal and cAMP-stimulated transcription by 3-4 fold. These results suggest that there are the two variant CREs in rat TRH gene, which are relatively weak CRE compared to the CREs of other neuropeptide genes and cooperative for the activation of both the basal and cAMP-stimulated transcription. The one base pair difference of the variant CREs from the CRE consensus sequence is responsible for the weak responsiveness to cAMP.
Animals ; Base Pairing ; Colforsin ; Consensus ; Consensus Sequence ; Cyclic AMP ; Gene Expression ; Neuropeptides ; PC12 Cells ; Plasmids ; Rats ; Response Elements ; RNA, Messenger ; Thyrotropin ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

Purpose: : Recently, with the development of science and technology and the expansion of research scale, the number of multicenter clinical trials involving more than one institution is increasing. Accordingly, by establishing a standard and computerized system for IRB examination, we intend to present a strategy that can be expected to shorten the examination period and reduce examination costs with an efficient examination system. Methods: : The necessity of joint IRB and regulations for operation were reviewed. The points to be considered for the establishment of the e-IRB system were reviewed. Results: : It confirmed that the need for a joint IRB was clear. Problems and solutions to be solved for the concrete realization of the joint IRB were presented. Functions and interlocking methods for reviewing domestic and foreign regulations and system construction were presented. Conclusion : Through this paper, it is expected that medical institutions will become aware of the importance and necessity of an efficient and flexible joint IRB in line with the rapidly changing medical industry. In fact, it is expected that it will be able to contribute to understanding the precautions on how to organize and operate a joint IRB.

Periprosthetic humeral fractures in patients with total shoulder arthroplasty are rare and difficult to treat. With the significant increase in the number of older patients who have undergone total shoulder arthroplasty in recent years, an increase in the number of periprosthetic shoulder fractures can be estimated. The decisions of treatment have to be taken individually, depending on the stability of the prosthesis, fracture location, and bone quality. On the other hand, there are limited data for treatment guidance and outcomes. This paper reviews the risk factors, classification, treatment, and outcomes of periprosthetic humeral fractures.

No abstract available.
Amnion* ; Dinoprostone*

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

Cystic parathyroid adenoma is one of the rare causes of hyperparathyroidism, and is usually located in neck and mediastinum. This type of adenoma tends to cause increased serum level of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, similar serum calcium level when compared to those of solid adenoma. Thanks to current radioimmunoassay and easy accessibility to serum autoanalyzer, serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone level are more easily measured, which in turn lead to more easier diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Also improvement in imaging and nuclear diagnostic method of parathyroid lesion are suggested to enable easy diagnosis of cystic parathyroid adenoma. A 35-year-old male presented with easy fatigability for 12 months. The serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphotase were 11.5mg/dL, 1.4mg/dL, 194IU/L respectively and his parathyroid hormone level in serum was 126.42pg/mL. Neck CT showed enlargement of right lobe of thyroid gland with well defined inhomogenously enhanced density inside the right thyroid gland. The patient was diagnosed of hyperparathyroidim due to parathyroid adenoma and was surgically removed. The surgical biopsy showed cystic parathyroid adenoma. After operation his general condition was improved and serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone level were normalizd. We report a case of hyperparathyroidism caused by cystic parathyroid adenoma with brief review of literature.
Adenoma ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biopsy ; Calcium ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Apolipoprotein C-II* ; Apolipoproteins* ; Hep G2 Cells* ; RNA, Messenger*

Objective: This study examined the clinical consequences of a discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among pneumonia patients recommended to be hospitalized in a general ward and identified the risk factors related to a revisit after DAMA. Methods: This retrospective observational study included pneumonia patients who presented at a university hospital emergency department (ED) and were recommended to be hospitalized in a general ward between January 2017 and December 2019. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors related to a revisit after DAMA and mortality. Results: In the ‘revisit after DAMA’ group, the mortality rate was higher than the ‘no DAMA admission’ group (6.9% vs. 2.1%, P=0.009). Among all admitted patients, DAMA was a risk factor for mortality (odds ratio [OR], 6.185; P=0.023). In the ‘revisit after DAMA’ group, sex (OR, 6.590; P=0.005), C-reactive protein (CRP) score (OR, 1.149; P=0.022), febrile symptoms (OR, 6.569; P=0.004), and dyspnea (OR, 5.480; P=0.002) were risk factors of revisit. Furthermore, in the ‘revisit after DAMA’ group, the CRP score of the 2nd ED visit was higher than that of the 1st ED visit (6.55±6.27 vs. 8.20±7.31, P=0.014). Conclusion This study shows that DAMA is one of the risk factors for mortality. When DAMA patients revisit, the severity of their pneumonia was observed to have increased.

BACKGROUND: Excessive iodine intake increases the occurrence of autoimmune thyroid disorders by enhancing immunogenecity of iodine-rich thyroglobulin, In Korea, most of postpartum women take a large amount of iodine-rich seaweed. Although the excessive iodine intake may affect the thyroid function, only a few reports were available concering iodine intake, especially on postpartum period. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken in 146 of normal delivered postpartum women. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of iodine, serum T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab were measured before and 1, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after delivery. Iodine intake was analyzed by one-to-one interview using 24hr recall and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: 1. PPT was occurred in 6 (10.3%) postparturn women, It presented as hypothyroidism alone in 1 (16.7%), transient thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidisrn in 3 (50.0%), and thyrotoxicosis alone in 2 (33.3%) of the follwed-up patients. 2. During pregnancy, no difference was found in age, serum T3, T4 and TSH between PPT and normal thyroid function group. 3. In PPT group, anti-TPO and anti-Tg Ab were significantly higher than those of normal thyroid function group during pregnancy, and their sensitivity for PPT was 40% and 33%, respectively. But there was no correlation between dietary iodine intake and the titer of thyroid auto-antibodies. 4. There was no correlation between pre and post-partum dietary iodine intake and occurrence of PPT. CONCLUSION: In Korea, the incidence of PPT was slightly higher than other nations. The sensitivity of thyroid auto-antibodies was too low to use for prediction of PPT. Pre and post-partum iodine intake had no effect on the occurrence of PPT and post-partum thyroid function.
Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Incidence ; Iodine ; Korea ; Postpartum Period ; Postpartum Thyroiditis* ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seaweed ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis