The authors analysed statistically 186 cases of the glaucoma patients among 20,785 out-patients who visited to our eye clinic from Jan. 1957 to Dec. 1969. The incidence of the glaucoma was 0.895% which was remarkably lower than the other reports. The following results were obtained. 1) Among the 186 cases, there were 85 male and 101 female patients. 2) There was no significant difference in left and right eye. 3) 51-60 year age group was prevalent (49 cases). 4) The age group over 40 occupied 61.3%. 5) The open angle glaucoma was the highest incidence.
Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients

No abstract available.
Surveys and Questionnaires*

Non-metrical morphologic variations of skull foramina were studied with 250 crania of Korean adults. Studied morphologic variationts were presence of supra-orbital foramen(33.3%), frontal foramen(27.7%), accessory infraorbital foramen(13.2%), accessory lesser palatine foramen(41.0%), Vesalius foramen (16.9%), Huschke foramen(18.8%), condylar canal(62.6%) and parietal foramen(49.8%). The ahsence of posterior ethmoidal foramen(0.2%), zygomaticofacial foramen(7.1%) and mastoid foramen(30.2%) was also observed. The variations were presence of the exsutural location of anterior ethmoidal foramen 30.8%), mastoid foramen(35.9%) and incomplete development of oval foramen(4.9%), foramen spinosum(9.6%), hypoglossal foramen(9.6%). And incidence of these variations were compared with 12 different geographical localitics.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mastoid ; Rabeprazole ; Skull*

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate that sequential CT scans after oral contrast ingestion can show morphological and functional status of the biliary tree, especially for the gallbladder and assess whether the CT scans demonstrate other radiological informations than conventional oral cholecystography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty volunteers in third decades and eight patients with hepatobiliary disease were included for the study. CT scans were obtained 3, 6, 9, 12 hours after oral contrast ingestion and thirty minutes after fat meal in thiry volunteers. Conventional oral cholecystography was also obtained in all volunteers at 12 hours after oral contrast ingestion and after fat meal. We evaluate opacification of gallbladder, biliary tree, and duodenum by contrast media on CT scans and attenuation values of gallbladder, common hepatic duct and common bile duct in each artatomic area on CT and its sequential change. CT scans were performed 6 hours after oral contrast ingestion in eight patients with hepatobiliary disease. And gallbladder function was evaluated by opacification of gallbladder by contrast media in all patients. RESULTS: In thirty volunteers, opacified gallbladder by contrast media was seen in all cases in all sequential periods of time on CT scans, but in 22 cases on conventional oral cholecystography. Contrast-filled intrahepatic ducts were demonstrated in 3 cases at 3 hours after oral contrast ingestion and 11 cases at 6 hours and were not seen thereafter. Contrast-filled common hepatic duct was noted in 28, 18 and 4 cases respectively at 3, 6 and 9 hours after oral contrast ingestion and the CT attenuation values of common hepatic ducts had become progressively decreased. Contrast-filled common bile duct was noted in 28, 18 and 4 cases respectively at 3, 6 and 9 hours and the CT attenuation values of common bile ducts were not changed untill 9 hours but slightly increased at 12 hours. Contrast media was noted in 7, 5, 6 and 5 cases at 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours in cystic duct and 8, 3, 2, 5 cases in duodenum. Contrast-filled cystic duct and duodenum were noted in 24 cases and 19 cases respectively on CT scans after fat meal. The CT attenuation values of gallbladder were increased in sequential periods of time and the difference of density of gallbladder between 3 hours and 6 hours was statistically significant(p=0.0001). The CT attenuation values of gallbladder at 6 hours were heighter than that in 3 hours, statistically. Opacified gallbladder were noted in 2 cases of fatty liver(n=2), 1 case of alcoholic liver disease(n=1), in 1 case of liver cirrhosis(n=1). Patients of gallbladder stone(n=2) or hepatocellular carcinoma (n=2) had non-opacified gallbladder on CT scans. CONCLUSION: The CT scans after oral contrast ingestion can show the morphological and functional aspects of gallbladder better than conventional oral cholecystography and can also show biliary trees and other surrounding structures, so it is helpful method for assessment of not only gallbladder diseases but also other hepatobiliary diseases.
Alcoholics ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Biliary Tract ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholecystography ; Common Bile Duct ; Contrast Media ; Cystic Duct ; Duodenum ; Eating* ; Gallbladder Diseases ; Gallbladder* ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Liver ; Meals ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Thumb*

No Abstract Available.
Humans*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dual isotope myocardial SPECT, rest thallium-201/dipyridamole stress Tc-99m sestamibi is used to diagnose coronary artery disease. We examined predictive value of myocardial SPECT for the prognosis of patients having or suspected coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We examined 692 patients referred for dipyridamole stress myocardial perfusion SPECT. Cardiac events (hard and soft events) were followed up with medical record review and telephone interview. Survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used to find significant predictors and the incremental predictive value of myocardial SPECT. Patients with coronary angiography (n=246) were analyzed in separate group. RESULTS: There were 4 hard events and 3 soft events in 341 normal SPECT group (1.20%/yr). There were 5 hard events and 21 soft events in 351 abnormal SPECT group (4.69%/yr). Survival curve was separated between normal SPECT group and abnormal SPECT group (p<0.01). In univariate analysis, smoking, history of myocardial infarction, typical chest pain and SPECT findings were important variables. In multivariate analysis, SPECT result was the single most independent predictor. Large reversible perfusion abnormality predicted worse prognosis. In patients with coronary angiography, SPECT did not add statistically significant predictive value to the coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: Dipyridamole stress Tl-201/ MIBI dual isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT provided excellent prognostic information. Extent of reversible perfusion decrease was the independent predictor of future cardiac events.
Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dipyridamole ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Perfusion ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

PURPOSE: We investigated whether myocardial SPECT had additional usefulness to clinical, functional or surgical indices for the preoperative evaluation of cardiac risks in noncardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 118 patients (M: F=66:52, 62.7+/-10.5 years) were studied retrospectively. Eighteen underwent vascular surgeries and 100 nonvascular surgeries. Rest T1-201/stress Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT was performed before operation and cardiac events (hard event: cardiac death and myocardial infarction; soft event: ischemic ECG change, congestive heart failure and unstable angina) were surveyed through perioperative periods (14.6+/-5.6 days). Clinical risk indices, functional capacity, surgery procedures and SPECT findings were tested for their predictive values of perioperative cardiac events. RESULTS: Peri-operative cardiac events occurred in 25 patients (3 hard events and 22 soft events). Clinical risk indices, surgical procedure risks and SPECT findings but functional capacity were predictive of cardiac events. Reversible perfusion decrease was a better predictor than persistent decrease. Multivariate analysis sorted` out surgical procedure risk (p=0.0018) and SPECT findings (p=0.0001) as significant risk factors. SPECT could re-stratify perioperative cardiac risks in patients ranked with surgical procedures. CONCLUSION:: We conclude that myocardial SPECT provides additional predictive value to surgical type risks as well as clinical indexes or functional capacity for the prediction of preoperative cardiac events in noncardiac surgery.
Death ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Perfusion ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Meningitis, Aseptic*