No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Orthognathic Surgery

No abstract available.
Humans ; Radiography* ; Spine*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The long-term effect of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is excellent while its short-term effect is known to be inferior to tinnitus making (TM). In this regard, we mixed TRT (mTRT) by combining TRT and TM to improve the short-term effect of TRT. This study evaluated the short-term effect of the mTRT and also compared the clinical efficacy between mTRT and TM. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty patients who underwent mTRT due to chronic subjective tinnitus were included in this study. Sound therapy of the mTRT was performed with mixed noise of broadband noise and narrow band noise. The broadband noise was used for TRT and the narrow band noise was used for TM. During the first month of mTRT, sound therapy was mainly composed of narrow band noise. During the second month, the proportion of broadband noise was gradually increased to 2/3. After 3 months, only the broadband noise was applied. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on annoyance and the tinnitus awareness duration (hr/day) was checked as the outcome measures. The outcome was also compared between mTRT and TM. RESULTS: The THI score decreased significantly from 41.8+/-24.3 to 27.3+/-25.6 after mTRT. The VAS (from 5.9+/-1.4 to 4.7+/-1.8) and the tinnitus awareness duration (from 18.5+/-8.2 to 12.6+/-10.7) also showed a significant improvement after treatment. When the treatment outcome was compared between mTRT and TM, there was no significant difference. CONCLUSION: mTRT seems to be effective in relieving the discomfort of tinnitus. Similar short-term outcomes can be expected from mTRT as they did in TM.
Humans ; Noise ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Tinnitus ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Respiratory System*

Buoy flap was useful method for soft tissue defect, bone defect or bone and soft tissue defect. Also the buoy flap could use monitoring for blood flow. The advantages of the buoy flap were long length of perforating cutaneous branch, large diameter of Peroneal vessel, transposition in same leg and the another advantage was that the fibula is the long, straight and mainly cortical bone. To obtain successful result of buoy flap, one must have the anatomic concept for vascular pattern (straight branch, proximal oblique branch, branch from muscular branch, distal oblique branch), relationships with surrounding muscles (between Peroneus m. and Soleus m., Through Peroneus m., through Soleus m.) and length of perforating branch. So, we studied total 19 person, 22 cases of buoy flap, who were admitted and took the operation at Kyung Hee University College hospital, from October 1985 to March 1987.
Clinical Study ; Fibula ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Muscles

The shoulder fusion is one of the good method to relieve pain, improve the function and stabilize the flail shoulder joint. But recent advance of arthroplasty, the procedure is less popular. Authors studied and analized 23 patients who received shoulder arthrodesis from Aug. 1978 to Aug. 1986 and reported functional outcome after shoulder arthrodesis. Among twenty three patients, brachial plexus palsy were eighteen, upper extremity residual poliomyelitis in three and shoulder joint turberculosis in two respectively. Postoperative follow up was 12 months to 9 years and 6 months, average being 2 years and 6 months. It took 14.4 weeks in average for shoulder arthrodesis. The postoperative abduction fusion angle was 33.8 degrees in average(20 degrees to 50 degrees). The active abduction after shoulder fusion was mean 51.8 degrees(20 degrees to 85 degrees). The abduction fusion angle between 20 degrees and 40 degrees was presented satisfactory results in the point of pain relief, functional assessment and patients satisfaction. High abduction fusion angle(more than 40 degrees) revealed pain around the fused shoulder area. The combined extra and intraarticular arthrodesis revealed better results. The Saber-cut approach was more valuable for secondary elbow reconstruction than Henry approach.
Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Brachial Plexus ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Poliomyelitis ; Shoulder Joint ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity

Classic anatomical descriptions state that the common bile duct enters to the medial border of the second part of duodenum. Isolated case reports of the common bile duct in other sites, including the fourth part of duodenum, the pyloric canal, stomach, and the duodenal bulb, have appeared in the literature. We report three cases of anomalous drainage of the common bile duct into duodenal bulb, which caused recurrent cholangitis and peptic ulcer. All patients required choledochoenteric anastomosis to relieve their syrnptoms.
Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct* ; Drainage* ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach

PURPOSE: The function of urinary bladder in neonate and adult are regarded as different but little is investigated on the physiological function of the neonatal urinary bladder. In this study, we compared the contractile responses of bladder muscle strips between neonate and adult rats to repeated electrical field stimulations(EFSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postnatal 1 to 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats (7.3+/-1.5gm, mean+/-SE, n=15) and 12-week-old adult SD rat(386+/-21gm, n=15) were sacrificed and longitudinal strips of the anterior wall of the bladder were prepared. Each preparation was mounted in a vertical chamber and connected to a force transducer (FT03, Grass, U.S.A.). Isometric contractions were induced by three different methods; 1) intrinsic nerve activation by applying EFSs(5, 20, or 60Hz frequency, square pulse of 0.8ms width, 70V/cm, 2,5s duration) every 50 seconds, 2) the activation of muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle cell membrane with 5.0microM carbachol(CCh), 3) direct smooth muscle stimulation by applying EFSs(60Hz frequency, 50ms width, 70V/cm, 2.5s duration) in the presence of tetrodotoxin every 50 seconds. RESULTS: Contractile responses to intrinsic nerve stimulations reached maximal amplitude at 60Hz stimulation in both adult and neonate rat bladder. Recovery from the fatigue in neonate and adult bladder muscle was evaluated by the amplitude changes in contractions evoked by EFS with 3 min. or 1 min. rest periods. Poor recovery was induced in neonates even by 3 min. rest period. In neonate group, the amplitude of contractions declined gradually (fatigue response) with 20 and 60Hz stimulations, while the fatigue responses were negligible in adult group. The responses to the exogenous CCh before and immediately after the repeated stimulations were not significantly different in both groups. Repeated direct muscle stimulations did not induce significant decreases of contractile responses in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that neonatal bladder becomes fatigued faster than adult bladder and the fatigue seems to occur at pre-receptor level of the smooth muscle cells rather than at the muscle itself.
Adult* ; Animals ; Carbachol ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Isometric Contraction ; Membranes ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Poaceae ; Rats* ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Tetrodotoxin ; Transducers ; Urinary Bladder*

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is an exfoliative disease of skin and characterized by flaccid bullae and spreading erythema so that the skin has the appearance of being scalded. It results primarily from a toxic reaction to various drugs, but occasionally occurs as a result of infection, neoplastic conditions, or other exposure. Enterovirus 71 (EV 71), the most recently described serotype of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae), causes a variety of diseases, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, poliomyelitis-like paralysis, hand-foot-mouth disease, gastroenteritis, fever and rash. A 3-year-old boy presented at the Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital due to TEN. There were no definite causes such as drug toxicity, Graft-Versus-Host disease (GVHD) and infection. However, we could have isolated EV 71 from the patient's stool. Until now, there have been no reports showing the relationship between EV 71 and TEN, we report here in a case of TEN-associated with EV 71. Further evaluation is needed to study the relationship of TEN with EV 71.
Blister ; Child ; Drug Toxicity ; Encephalitis ; Enterovirus ; Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Gastroenteritis ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Paralysis ; Pediatrics ; Preschool Child ; Skin ; Stress, Psychological