No abstract available.
Orthognathic Surgery

Bowing nystagmus, lying down nystagmus, null pointand comparing the slow phase velocity during right and left head roll test may be used to distinguish the side of lesion in lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Nonetheless, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the side of lesion. In particular, when multiple canal BPPV such as lateral and posterior canal BPPV is suspected, the problemis even more complicated. From this reason, usually the side of lesion is first identified for the posterior canal, and the lateral canal BPPV is presumed to be present on the identical side. But is this approachalways correct and justifiable? As there are reports on bilateral posterior canal BPPV and bilateral lateral canal BPPV, there should also be bilateral posterior and lateral canal BPPV cases. We report two cases of bilateral posterior and lateralcanal BPPV, and discuss the grounds for diagnosing these cases as bilateral. The first case is a mixed left posterior canalolithiasis plus right lateral canalolithiasis and the second case is a mixed right posterior canalolithiasis plus left lateral cupulolitiasis. In such cases, mixed nystagmus can make it difficult to directly compare the slow phase velocity during the right and left head roll test. New methods are necessary to distinguish the side of the lesion for the lateral canal. We introduce the concept of AHC (attenuated horizontal component) which seems to be important in deciding the side of lesion in multiple canal BPPV. We also introduce head center nystagmus (HCN) to aid the decision on the side of lesion.
Deception ; Head ; Nystagmus, Physiologic ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subjective visual vertical (SVV) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH) are well known otolith function tests. Patients with acute unilateral vestibular weakness have a tendency to set the bar toward the side of the lesion in SVV and SVH tests. The object of this article is to identify the effect of preset angle on SVV and SVH tests in normal subjects and patients with dizziness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2008 to March 2009, thirty healthy volunteers, twenty eight vestibular neuritis (VN) patients (14-uncompensated, 14-compensated), Twenty five patients who had migrainous vertigo (MV) were enrolled. All subjects performed the test two times in each of the clockwise and counter-clockwise preset angle. RESULTS: In normal subjects, there was significant influence by preset angle on SVV test, not on SVH test. In VN patients with nystagmus, both SVH and SVV were not influenced by preset angle. In VN patients without nystagmus and in MV patients, there were significant influence by preset angle on both SVV and SVH tests. CONCLUSION: SVV and SVH values depend on the direction of the preset angle in MV and uncompensated VN patients. The preset angle should be considered in the interpretation of SVV and SVH values.
Dizziness ; Humans ; Otolithic Membrane ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Neuronitis

It was suggested that temporary vascular insufficiency within the wall of the colon causes iachemic colitis. So, motivated by this fact, we studied and analyzed 15 cases of iachemic colitis, which were confirmed by the diagnostic criteria of Nagasako(1982), through 32 months from January, 1993 to August, 1995 at Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, Incheon.(continue...)
Colitis ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colon

It was suggested that temporary vascular insufficiency within the wall of the colon causes iachemic colitis. So, motivated by this fact, we studied and analyzed 15 cases of iachemic colitis, which were confirmed by the diagnostic criteria of Nagasako(1982), through 32 months from January, 1993 to August, 1995 at Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, Incheon.(continue...)
Colitis ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colon

BACKGROUND: Most of the known risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease are based on studies from Western countries; there is only limited information on Korean populations. This study was designed to analyze age related differences in epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in patients who were admitted for coronary angiography for the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. METHODS: As part of the multicenter KCAR (Korean Coronary Artery disease Registry) Study, the clinical data of 6,549 patients, who were evaluated at the cardiac catheterization laboratory by coronary angiography, at seven university hospitals in Korea from March 1999 to December 2005, were registered into the KCAR database and analyzed. All patients were divided into three groups according to age: age < or =40, age 41-70 and age > or =71. All demographic and coronary angiographic features were analyzed for the different groups. RESULTS: The demographic data showed that compared to the older patients young patients < or =40 had a higher prevalence of males and smokers, but a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and prior history of stroke and myocardial infarction. For the lipid profiles, the younger patients had much higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol than the older groups; however, there was no difference in the HDL-cholesterol levels among the three age groups. The most common component of the metabolic syndrome was obesity (79%) in the younger patients and hypertension (92%) in the older patients. The most common reason for presentation was ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction in the younger patients and unstable angina in the older patients. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic heart disease in younger adults < or =40 had different demographic characteristics and clinical presentation than older patients.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; *Coronary Angiography ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/radiography ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

To guarantee the inter-reviewer reliability is very important in evaluating the quality of large number of clinical research papers by multiple reviewers. We cannot find reports on statistical methods for evaluating reliability for multiple raters in clinical research field. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the statistical methods focused on kappa statistic and five kinds of loglinear models for, which can be applied when evaluating the reliability of multiple raters. We have applied these methods to the result of a project, in which seven reviewers have evaluated the quality of 33 papers with regard to four aspects of paper contents including study hypothesis, study design, study population, study method, data analysis and interpretation. Among the five loglinear models including Symmetry model, Conditional symmetry model, Quasi-symmetry model, Independence model, and Quasi-independence model, Quasi-symmetry model shows the best model of fitting. And the level of reliability among seven reviewers revealed to be acceptable as meaningful.
Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the different cause of pelvicectasia and its clinical outcome. The most important management of pelvicectasia consist of the early diagnosis and evaluation of the pathologic abnormalities of congenital pelvicectasia. This will help to offer the guideline on management of neonatal pelvicectasia. METHODS: We examined one hundred and seventy-one live neonates who were hospitalized and diagnosed with pelvicectasia at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital from January 2008 to December 2008. A retrospective study was carried out in these patients for last three years. Renal ultrasonography was repeated at 1 month after birth and then 3 months interval. Diuretic renal scan with (99m)Tc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid augmented with furosemide and voiding cystourethrogram was done after 4 to 6 weeks of first renal ultrasonography. Patients were followed-up for 1 to 30 months (average, 7.2 months). RESULTS: Pelvicectasia was postnatally detected in 171 cases (33.7%) among 507 neonates. Males were twice than females. Additional imaging studies revealed that normal kidney structure was the most common postnatal diagnosis (97.1%), followed by ureteropelvic obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, multicystic kidney, ureteric duplication. Spontaneous regression of pelvicectasia was revealed in 165 renal units (67.6%). CONCLUSION: There are many cause of spontaneous regression in mild to moderate pelvicectasia. Urinary tract infection occurs in many neonates with pelvicectasia. Mild to moderate neonatal pelvicectasia without vesicoureteral reflux is clinically much less significant. Accordingly, close observation with serial renal ultrasonography may be sufficient.
Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Parturition ; Pentetic Acid ; Polyamines ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common phenomenon during the prolonged muscle disuse caused by cast immobilization, extended aging states, bed rest, space flight, or other factors. However, the cellular mechanisms of the atrophic process are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the expression of muscle-specific RING finger 1 (MuRF1) during atrophy of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Histological analysis revealed that cast immobilization induced the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, with diminution of muscle weight and cross-sectional area after 14 days. Cast immobilization significantly elevated the expression of MuRF1 and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. The starvation of L6 rat skeletal myoblasts under serum-free conditions induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the characteristics typical of cast-immobilized gastrocnemius muscle. The expression of MuRF1 was also elevated in serum-starved L6 myoblasts, but was significantly attenuated by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Changes in the sizes of L6 myoblasts in response to starvation were also reversed by their transfection with MuRF1 small interfering RNA or treatment with SB203580. From these results, we suggest that the expression of MuRF1 in cast-immobilized atrophy is regulated by p38 MAPK in rat gastrocnemius muscles.
Aging ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Bed Rest ; Fingers ; Imidazoles ; Immobilization ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Myoblasts ; Myoblasts, Skeletal ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; Pyridines ; Rats ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Space Flight ; Starvation ; Transfection

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Subject visual vertical (SVV) and subject visual horizontal (SVH) is well known otolith function test. Patients with acute unilateral vestibular weakness fail to set the test bar within normal range in SVH/SVV showing abnormal deviation toward lesion side. In some cases, SVH and SVV are deviated towards different directions, and analysis of these findings is rarely reported. The authors analyzed correlation of SVH/SVV and other vestibular function tests in patients with various vestibular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS From April 2005 to July 2007, total 234 patients who had admitted for dizziness were enrolled. All patients were divided in two groups, non-dissociation group (n=215) and dissociation group (n=19). Correlation of SVH, SVV, Videonystagmography (VNG), the rotating chair test was compared. RESULTS 8.1% of patients showed dissociation between SVH and SVV. Clinical features did not showed significant difference between groups. In non-dissociation group, SVH/SVV showed correlation with VNG, rotating chair test. However in dissociation group, VNG and rotating chair test revealed high rate of consistency with deviation of SVH than that of SVV. Also direction of SVH and dizziness had higher consistency (88.9%) than that of SVV (11.1%). CONCLUSION The SVH showed consistency with other vestibular function test and may be more reliable than SVV when the result is dissociated.
Dissociative Disorders ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Otolithic Membrane ; Reference Values ; Vestibular Diseases ; Vestibular Function Tests