The purpose of this study was to provide basic informations for developing family-focused nursing interventions for families with chronic illness. the results of this study were as follows. In family caregiver systems, spouses of chronically ill patients showed higher anxiety scores9t=4.71, P=.000) and higher scores of the perceived importance of family functioning(t=3.67, P=.000) than those of children of chronically ill patients. But spouses showed lower scores of the satisfaction of family functioning (t=2.92, P=.005) than those of children of chronically ill patients. For spouses of chronically ill patients, the correlation between the satisfaction of family functioning and anxiety turned out to be significant9r=-.518, P=.001). However for children the correlation between them was not statistically significant. Findings of this study suggest that families with chronic illness need family-focused nursing interventions to relieve their anxiety and to improve family functioning. In conclusion, the investigation about family functioning and anxiety provides useful information for family-focused nursing care, especially for spouses of chronically ill patients. This information will contribute to developing the support systems for family caregivers and the education programs that helps chronically ill patients.
Anxiety* ; Caregivers* ; Child ; Chronic Disease* ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This research is to know whether aroma foot massage has influence on the relief of anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation. METHOD: This research was designed as a quasi-experiment of non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data were collected from April 1 2005 to August 30 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups (control group, foot massage group and aroma foot massage group) with 30 persons each. Anxiety was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), blood pressure and pulse. Pain response was measured with VAS and non-verbal pain behavior score. Sleep satisfaction was measured with a graphic rating scale. Data were analyzed through Chi-square test, t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure, pulse, subjective anxiety and pain scores from the aroma foot massage group decreased significantly. Sleep satisfaction score of the aroma foot massage group increased significantly. Diastolic blood pressure from the aroma foot massage group did not decrease. CONCLUSION: The results show that aroma foot massage with refined oils can increase sleep satisfaction and decrease anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Colonoscopy* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Foot* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Oils

No abstract available.
Microdialysis* ; Myocardium*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Electric Stimulation* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Spiral Ganglion*

14 cases of femoral shaft fractures were treated with cast-brace for two years from June, 1974 to June, 1976 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital. The results were as followings; 1. Of the 14 cases, eleven cases were male and three were female, and they were between 18 to 51 years of ages. 2. The fracture site was accounted that three of 14 cases were at the distal one third of the femur and the other eleven at the mid one third with four cases being comminuted. 3. 7 cases were treated with cast-brace initially, and the other 7 cases were secondarily treated, because of being complicated. 4. The average time of fracture healing was 14 weeks in the cases with cast-brace which is compared with 20 weeks of spica-cast control group in the same period. 5. One of 7 cases treated primarily developed shortening and angulation, which was corrected by open reduction and internal fixation.
Clinical Study ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Seoul

In electron therapy, low melting point alloy is used for shaping of the field. Electron field shaping material affect the output factor as well as the collimator system. The output factors of electron beams for shaped fields from NELAC-1018 were measured using ionization chamber of Farmer type in water phantom. The output factors of electron beams depend on the incident energy, inherent collimator system and the size of shaped field. Obtained results were followings. 1. In the smaller applicator, output varied extremely according to extent of collimator opening. 2. The higher energy, the output is less varied according to treatment field at small field.
Alloys ; Farmers ; Freezing ; Water

Total 21 patients with airway obstruction from lung cancer treated with radiotherapy at Department of Therapeuctic Radiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, between April 1986 and December 1988 are retrospectively analyzed by means of roentgenologic findings. Obtained results are as follows. 1. 15 out of 21 patients (71%) showed complete or partial response. 2. Patients with small cell lung cancer showed 100% response in spite of low dose (30 GY/10 fractions.) 3. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with 50 GY or over showed better response than below 45 GY or below. 4. There is no relationship between the response and site of airway obstruction. These date suggested that high dose irradiation is more effective in the management of airway obstruction from lung cancer and meticulous radiotherapy planning with appropriate protection of normal lung and critical organs should be investigated in order to maximize radiation effect and minimize side effect, complication or sequelae.
Airway Obstruction* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Radiation Effects* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

In recent years there has been a growing interest in total body, hemibody, total lymphoid irradiation. For refractory leukemia or lymphoma patients, various techniques and dose regimens were introduced, including high dose total body irradiation for destruction of leukemic or bone marrow cells and immunosuppression prior to bone marrow transplantation, and low dose total body irradiation for treatment of lymphocytic leukemias or lymphomas. Accurate provision for specified dose and the desired homogeneity are essential before clinical total body irradiation. Purposes of this paper are to discuss calibrating Cobalt Unit in 3m distance using Rando Phantom, to compare calculated dose, calibrated dose, and compensating filters for homogeneous dose distribution in the head and neck, the lung and the pelvis. Results were following. 1. Measured dose on the lung was 6% higher than on the abdomen. Measured dose on the head (10%) and neck (18%) were higher than the abdomen because of thinness. Pelvic dose was measured 12% less than the abdomen. Those date suggest that compensating filter was essential. 2. Measured dose according to distance was 3% less than calculated dose which suggest that all doses in clinical use should be compared with calculated dose for minimizing error.
Abdomen ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cobalt ; Head ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; Lung ; Lymphatic Irradiation ; Lymphoma ; Neck ; Pelvis ; Thinness ; Whole-Body Irradiation*

Radiotherapeutically, nasopharyngeal caner is an important disease in Korea. Because of its blind anatomic location, early detection is relatively uncommon. Clinically, most of cases are locally advanced and nodal involvements are common. Recently better understanding of nature of the disease and improvement of radio – therapy technique permit better treatment result, including locoregional control and survival rate, and minimal normal tissue damages comparing with previously published date. We analyzed 31 patients of pathologically proven and previously untreated naso – pharyngeal carcinoma with different treatment techniques, retrospectively. Minimal and maximal follow up period of the survivor is 6 months and 68 months, respectively. Thirteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma are included in this analysis. The median age is 49 years (range from 20 to 64 years). Twenty two patients are stage III. Eleven patients are treated with radiotherapy alone and 20 are treated with combined modalities treatment. The degree of response after radiotherapy are categorized by 3-classes, i,e. complete response, partial response. In spite of similarities of complete response rate and 1-year survival rate between two different treatment techniques, those patients with undifferentiated carcinoma appear to benefit from the adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, systemic failure is more suggest that adjuvant therapy in the radiotherapeutic management of nasopharyngeal cancer needs additional research according to histologic types and future extensive clinical trials.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Survivors