PURPOSE: Recently, indirect lymphangiography has been developed as a relatively good and noninvasive imaging modality of the lymphatic system at extremities. But the disadvantage of the indirect lymphangiography is a low contrast ratio between the surrounding tissues and the contrast media in lymphatic vessels, because dimeric nonionic contrast media is water soluble and diluted in the proximal leg lymphatic vessels. We could have relatively better image than previously published images for the leg lymphatic system, when we injected contrast media with adequate high pressure in intradermal space of the interdigital areas at the foot dotsum. So, we would like to report the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We could study all 9 lymphedemas(primary :6, secondary: 3) from April 1990 to May 1993 on outpatient base. They were diagnosed as lymphedema clinically and radiologically. Ten ml of dimeric nonionic aget, iotrolan(Isovist 300 ) was injected into intradermal space with five 30-gauge needles The injection speed was more than 0.2mi/min. We have done one side pedal lymphangiogram in 30 minutes. The evaluation of the anterior superficial lymphatics was accordig to the criteria of the Weissleder(2). RESULTS: The results were as follows:1. All lymphatic vessels from foot to inguinal area could be visualized. 2. Two or three inferior inguinal lymph nodes could be visualized about 42%. 3. The most common abnormal finding of the lymphedma was the neovascularization of the lymphatics on indirect pedal lymphangiogram. CONCLUSION: If we use adequate technique relatively high pressure injection, correct intradermal needle insertion, adequate soft tissue exposure technique indirect lymphangiography is considered to be a safe and noninvasive imaging modality for the evaluation of the lymphedema of lower extremity lymphatics including inferior inguinal lymph nodes.
Contrast Media ; Extremities ; Foot ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic System ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphedema ; Lymphography* ; Needles ; Outpatients

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index*

The food exchanges are frequently used to nutrition education and counseling for diabetes, weight control, hyperlipidema and etc. But it is difficult to find out food exchange lists with food exchange groups in the food composition table. This study was conducted to select e-food exchange of commonly used foods(456 foods) and improve search system based on internet. Also, the e-food exchange database was developed as having the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content such as energy, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, retinol equivalent, retinol, a-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, refuse per 100g of each food. The e-food exchange database developed is basically based on the 6th food composition table(2001) of the National Rural Living Science Institution in Rural Development Administration, Korea. The 456 commonly used foods or 2,262, all foods can be searched easily in a new system. A specific food of e-food exchange can be searched by a given set of food groups or food name and can give information about food one exchange lists, weight and nutrient value per 100g of each food user-friendly on internet. It can be used to make a nutritionally balanced meal plan, nutrition education and counseling.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Education ; Internet* ; Iron ; Korea ; Meals ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Social Planning ; Sodium ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

The food exchanges are frequently used to nutrition education and counseling for diabetes, weight control, hyperlipidema and etc. But it is difficult to find out food exchange lists with food exchange groups in the food composition table. This study was conducted to select e-food exchange of commonly used foods(456 foods) and improve search system based on internet. Also, the e-food exchange database was developed as having the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content such as energy, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, retinol equivalent, retinol, a-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, refuse per 100g of each food. The e-food exchange database developed is basically based on the 6th food composition table(2001) of the National Rural Living Science Institution in Rural Development Administration, Korea. The 456 commonly used foods or 2,262, all foods can be searched easily in a new system. A specific food of e-food exchange can be searched by a given set of food groups or food name and can give information about food one exchange lists, weight and nutrient value per 100g of each food user-friendly on internet. It can be used to make a nutritionally balanced meal plan, nutrition education and counseling.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Education ; Internet* ; Iron ; Korea ; Meals ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Social Planning ; Sodium ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Ileum*

The food composition tables are frequently used to health and nutrition practices. But it is difficult to find out food exchange lists with food exchange groups in the food composition table. Over 2500 items and many kinds of nutrients are in the food composition table. But now food exchange lists are used a few foods. The internet demands the users needs for obtaining more food exchange lists and nutrient information from food composition. This basic study is to solve the users need and the supply more efficient and effective manipulation system for e-food exchange database construction and search system:ENECC/e-food exchnage(E-Nutrition Education and Couseling Center/e-food exchange). This paper introduces the food exchange database construction and search system(ENECC/e-food exchange) using the formula which calculates the food exchange quantity of 6 food exchange groups and added one extra groups(alcohol) based on the internet. The ENECC/e-food exchange database is basically based on the 6th food composition table(2001) of the National Rural Living Science Institution in Rural Development Administration, Korea. The e-food exchange database are consisted of 2,261 foods in 6 basic food groups and one extra groups by using ENECC calculating formula. Also, the e-food exchange database has the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content such as energy, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, retinol equivalent, retinol, a-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, refuse per 100g of each food. To calculate e-food exchange, ENECC/e-food exchange calculating formula was developed. The one food exchange weight and ENECC/e-food exchange weight were significantly correlated. It shows that the use of this formula is valuable and easily usable. A specific food of e-food exchange can be searched by a given set of food groups or food name and can get information about food one exchange lists, weight and nutrient value per 100g of each food user-friendly on internet. It can be used to make a nutritionally balanced meal plan and nutrition education and counseling.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Education ; Internet* ; Iron ; Korea ; Meals ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Social Planning ; Sodium ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

The food composition tables are frequently used to health and nutrition practices. But it is difficult to find out food exchange lists with food exchange groups in the food composition table. Over 2500 items and many kinds of nutrients are in the food composition table. But now food exchange lists are used a few foods. The internet demands the users needs for obtaining more food exchange lists and nutrient information from food composition. This basic study is to solve the users need and the supply more efficient and effective manipulation system for e-food exchange database construction and search system:ENECC/e-food exchnage(E-Nutrition Education and Couseling Center/e-food exchange). This paper introduces the food exchange database construction and search system(ENECC/e-food exchange) using the formula which calculates the food exchange quantity of 6 food exchange groups and added one extra groups(alcohol) based on the internet. The ENECC/e-food exchange database is basically based on the 6th food composition table(2001) of the National Rural Living Science Institution in Rural Development Administration, Korea. The e-food exchange database are consisted of 2,261 foods in 6 basic food groups and one extra groups by using ENECC calculating formula. Also, the e-food exchange database has the proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content such as energy, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, retinol equivalent, retinol, a-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, refuse per 100g of each food. To calculate e-food exchange, ENECC/e-food exchange calculating formula was developed. The one food exchange weight and ENECC/e-food exchange weight were significantly correlated. It shows that the use of this formula is valuable and easily usable. A specific food of e-food exchange can be searched by a given set of food groups or food name and can get information about food one exchange lists, weight and nutrient value per 100g of each food user-friendly on internet. It can be used to make a nutritionally balanced meal plan and nutrition education and counseling.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Counseling ; Education ; Internet* ; Iron ; Korea ; Meals ; Niacin ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Social Planning ; Sodium ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and assess the feasibility of an upper extremity exercise program based on Patterned Sensory Enhancement (PSE) for home-bound stroke patients by measuring the level of upper extremity function, depression, and interpersonal relationship. METHODS: The experiments were performed on stroke patients at three different rehabilitation centers in Incheon City. Twenty patients participated in the experimental group or in the control group. The program was executed three times a week for 6 weeks. Data were collected from August to October, 2006. Manual Function Test was used to quantify and evaluate upper extremity function. The depression level and the effectiveness of interpersonal relationship were quantified and measured using CES-D and Interpersonal Relationship Scale, respectively. RESULTS: The effectiveness of upper extremity function of stroke patients who participated in the PSE upper extremity exercise program was higher than that of non-participating patients. The depression level decreased and interpersonal relationship improved in the stroke patients who participated in this program compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION: These findings prove that the PSE upper extremity exercise program for home-bound stroke patients was an effective strategy for enhancing upper extremity function, decreasing the depression level, and improving interpersonal relationships.
Depression ; Humans ; Incheon ; Interpersonal Relations ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Stroke* ; Upper Extremity*

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the prevalence of job stress and musculoskeletal symptoms, and to identify the factors that affect work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of the 119 Emergency medical technicians (EMT). METHOD: From August 26 to September 10, 2010, the data were obtained from 456 EMT working in Daejeon city or Choongnam province. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SAS version 9.1. RESULTS: Physical environment, job demand, interpersonal conflict, and occupational climate were stressful to 119 EMT. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of female EMT was higher than those of the male EMT's. After gender and age were adjusted, there ware significant relationships between musculoskeletal symptoms and some risk factors including occupational class, hours of intensive musculoskeletal use, previous injury or work-related injury, physical burden, and job stress. Overall, a higher degree of job stress increased musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSION: Job stress is a major cause of musculoskeletal symptoms. To prevent and manage musculoskeletal disease of 119 EMT, there is a need to develop a management program for musculoskeletal symptoms to reduce occupational stress, considering gender differences.
Climate ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Phenothiazines ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: Three-dimensional(3D) magnetic resonance(MR) projection imaging was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative to direct cholangiography for the assessment of its reliability in patients with obsructive jaundice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A heavily T2-weighted gradient-echo sequence(PSIF) was used for 3D MR projecion imaging of the biliary system in five healthy volunteers and 25 patients with obstructive jaundice. The 3D images of the bile ducts were formed by stacking consecutive coronal MR images obtained with a fast imaging method to a maximum-intensity projection algorithm. RESULTS: In the volunteers, MR cholangiography could demonstrate the anatomy of the biliary tract in only two subjects. The extrahepatic and intraheparic bile ducts were well visualized in 23 patients with obstructive jaundice. The leve of obstruction and the grade of dilatation were dipicted with MR cholangiography in all cases. And the cause of obstruction could be determined with MR cholangiography in 18 cases, MR cholangiography was successful in two patients in whom ERCP failed. The gallbladder or dilated pancreatic duct not demonstrated by means of direct cholangiography was demonstrated with MR cholangiography in six cases.
Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Volunteers