There has been numerous experimental liver transplantation models in the rodent : orthotopic versus hetrerotopic; whole liver versus partial liver; microvascular suture versus cuff method in technical aspects. Several simplified modifications were introduced for experimental liver transplantation for improving animal-survival rate. Liver transplantation without arterial reconstruction, the cuff tchnique or stent method were the examples of simplifing modification. In practice, complications related to biliary reconstruction are frequent causes of intraabdominal infection in our rat liver transplantation. Here we propose using simple liver transplantation model of partial heterotopic liver transplantation without artery and bile duct reconstruction in the studies which need only observation of immediate graft survival or very short-term follow-up. Here we examined the serial histologic changes of auxiliary liver grafts without biliary reconstruction during short period after transplantation. Until 7 days of transplantation, bile duct proliferation was confined in the portal area of grafts and did not distort the lobular structure. Early graft-survival and rapid immunologic response might be evaluated by this easy transplantation model.
Animals ; Arteries ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Graft Survival ; Intraabdominal Infections ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Stents ; Sutures ; Transplants

There has been numerous experimental liver transplantation models in the rodent : orthotopic versus hetrerotopic; whole liver versus partial liver; microvascular suture versus cuff method in technical aspects. Several simplified modifications were introduced for experimental liver transplantation for improving animal-survival rate. Liver transplantation without arterial reconstruction, the cuff tchnique or stent method were the examples of simplifing modification. In practice, complications related to biliary reconstruction are frequent causes of intraabdominal infection in our rat liver transplantation. Here we propose using simple liver transplantation model of partial heterotopic liver transplantation without artery and bile duct reconstruction in the studies which need only observation of immediate graft survival or very short-term follow-up. Here we examined the serial histologic changes of auxiliary liver grafts without biliary reconstruction during short period after transplantation. Until 7 days of transplantation, bile duct proliferation was confined in the portal area of grafts and did not distort the lobular structure. Early graft-survival and rapid immunologic response might be evaluated by this easy transplantation model.
Animals ; Arteries ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Graft Survival ; Intraabdominal Infections ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Rats* ; Rodentia ; Stents ; Sutures ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of spiral CT in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer by comparing with histopathological finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied spiral CT scans of forty-eight patients, in whom gastric cancer was proven by gastrofibroscopic biopsy and surgery. After distending the stomach with 400ml tap water or effervescent granules, 100ml of contrast media was given intravenously at a rate of 3ml/sec. CT scanning was started at 45 sec after administration of the contrast material. Gastric tumors were subdivided into five types according to enhancing pattern from the inner layer of gastric wall to the outer layer. These pattern were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULT: The tumor masses were detected on CT scan in 10(77%) of 13 patients with early gastric cancer, while, the tumor masses were seen on CT scan in all patients with advanced gastric cancer. Of 9 patients with type 1 or type 2 enhancing pattern, early gastric cancer(T1) were proven in 7 patients(78%), serosal invasion (T3) in 2 patients(22%). In contrast, among 29 patients with type 4 and type 5, 22 patients(76%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3). Of 7 patients with type 3, 3 patients(43%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3), three(43%) as subserosal invasion(T2), one as early gastric cancer(T1). CONCLUSION: Analysis of morphological enhancing pattern on spiral CT is useful in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
Biopsy ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water

In page 155, Yoon Kyung Imshould be changed as Yun Kyong Lim.

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is characterized by protein- losing enteropathy, and is diagnosed by a small bowel biopsy demonstrating dilated lymphatics in the mucosa, submucosa and serosa in the absence of coexistent inflammation. We report a case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia that occurred in a 2-year-6-month-old girl who was treated successfully with antiplasmin and octreotide. Initially, the patient was treated with a lipid restriction diet with medium chain triglyceride oil, but her symptoms were not relieved. This case shows that antiplasmin and octreotide therapy might be useful for treating refractory primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.
Biopsy ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Octreotide* ; Serous Membrane ; Triglycerides

The reaction of neuroactive substances to ischemic conditions in the rat retina evoked by different methods was immunochemically evaluated in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Ocular ischemic conditions were unilaterally produced by elevating intraocular pressure (EIOP) or by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Two EF-hand calcium binding proteins, calbindin D28K (CB) and calretinin (CR), in the normal retina showed similar immunolocalization, such as the amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, the ganglion cells, and their processes, particularly CB in horizontal cells. CB immunoreactive neurons in the ganglion cell layer in both types of ischemic retinas were more reduced in number than CR neurons compared to those in a normal retina. The CB protein level in both ischemic retinas was reduced to 60-80% of normal. The CR protein level in MCAO retinas was reduced to about 80% of normal but increased gradually to the normal value, whereas that in the EIOP showed a gradual reduction and a slight recovery. SMI32 immunoreactivity, which detects a dephosphorylated epitope of neurofilaments-M and -H, appeared in the axon bundles of ganglion cells in the innermost nerve fiber layer of normal retinas. The reactivity in the nerve fiber bundles appeared to only increase slightly in EIOP retinas, whereas a moderate increase occurred in MCAO retinas. The SMI32 protein level in MCAO retinas showed a gradual increasing tendency, whereas that in the EIOP showed a slight fluctuation. Interestingly, the MCAO retinas showed additional SMI32 immunoreactivity in the cell soma of presumed ganglion cells, whereas that of EIOP appeared in the Muller proximal radial fibers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity appeared in the astrocytes located in the nerve fiber layer of normal retinas. Additional GFAP immunoreactivity appeared in the Muller glial fibers deep in EIOP retinas and at the proximal end in MCAO retinas. These findings suggest that the neurons in the ganglion cell layer undergo degenerative changes in response to ischemia, although EIOP retinas represented a remarkable Muller glial reaction, whereas MCAO retinas had only a small-scaled axonal transport disturbance.
Adult ; Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Axonal Transport ; Axons ; Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Carisoprodol ; Ganglion Cysts ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Retina

RNA fingerprinting using on arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes in HL-60 cell after treatment of methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). Twenty differentially expressed PCR products were cloned and analyzed. We have successfully obtained eight partial cDNA sequences by TA cloning method. Among these, six cDNAs were up-regulated and two cDNAs were down-regulated after the MMS treatment. Of these six up-regulated cDNAs, 3 cDNAs were equivalent to known genes in the GenBank/EMBL databases with 98~100% homology searched by BLAST program: genomic DNA fragment containing CpGg island (clone 26h8), Human Rev interacting protein-1 (RIP-1), and human zinc finger protein-4 (HZF4). The sequences of the three remaining cDNA were entirely new genes, but we didn't try to identify a full cDNA sequence. Two clones called KIAA0060 and KIAA0065, were down-regulated in HL-60 cells after the MMS treatment. These findings suggest that the RNA fingerprinting method using RAP-PCR is an effective method which can identify and separate the differentially expressed cDNAs and that the isolated cDNAs might involve in regulation mechanism of apoptosis and/or cell cycle delay, especially a p53-independent pathway, in the cells after DNA damage. But the nature of cDNAs that we have isolated remains to be elucidated.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Dermatoglyphics* ; DNA Damage* ; DNA* ; DNA, Complementary ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Methyl Methanesulfonate ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA* ; Zinc Fingers

PURPOSE: Fetal echocardiography is used for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Fetal echocardiography allows decisions to be made in advance where the fetal abnormality is not compatible with life after delivery or where early correction is required. Our fetal echocardiographic experience was analysed retrospectively to guide future clinical application. METHODS: 138 mothers had fetal echocardiography from April 1992 to December 1995. Their echo findings were recorded on VHS video tape. We followed up the infant after delivery. Data was collected from obstetric outpatient records and admission records, pediatric admission records and outpaitent records. RESULTS: 1)138 mothers had fetal echocardiography. Serious heart disease was found in 9 cases with a detection rate of 6.4%. Average age of the mother was 28.9+/-4.2 years (range 17-44 years). Average gestational period was 24.0+/-5.1 weeks(range 10-36 weeks). 2)Indications for fetal echocardiography were as follows; maternal factors 77 cases, including 34 cases of alpha fetoprotein abnormality. fetal factor 32 cases including 18 cases of arrhythmia, genetic factors 29 cases, including 26 cases of family history of congenital heart disease. 3)Serious cardiac anomalies were 5 cases. Serious arrhythmia were present in 4 cases(Total 9 cases with detection rate of 6.5%). Mild arrhythmia was detected in 7 cases(5.1 %). 4)The serious cardiac anomalies were mitral hypoplasia, right atrial tumor, AVSD, TOF and VSD. 5)The Serious arrhythmia were complete atrioventricular block 1 case, second degree atrioventricular block 1 case, transient cardiac arrest 1 case and atrial flutter 1 case. 6)The Mild arrhythmia were premature atrial contraction 4 cases and premature ventricular contraction 3 cases. 7)The non-cardiac anomalies were one case of hydrocephalus, cerebral arteriovenous fistula, diaphragmatic hernia, agenesis of right kidney, sacrococcygeal teratoma, fetal ascites and 4p-syndrome. There were 2 cases of spontaneous abortion without definite anomaly. During the study period, there were 8 terminations of pregnancy including 3 cases of spontaneous abortion. 8) 105 infants were followed up after birth. 25 cases were missing. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the congenital heart disease confirmed by fetal echocardiography was predicted by antenatal ultrasound. Most of the fetal echocardiography was performed to confirm the congenital heart diseas when any of the fetal abnoramlities were found. In some of the treatable heart disease, especially like fetal arrhythmia, maternal adminstration of adequate medication make a good treatment results.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Ascites ; Atrial Flutter ; Atrial Premature Complexes ; Atrioventricular Block ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Kidney ; Mothers ; Outpatients ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography ; Ventricular Premature Complexes

PURPOSE: The present study investigates the effects of pharmacologic pupil dilatation on ocular, corneal and internal aberrations. METHODS: Sixty-two right eyes of 62 healthy participants were included in the present study. Ocular, corneal and internal aberrations were measured with a KR-1W wavefront aberrometer (Topcon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) before mydriasis in mesopic conditions. After pupil dilatation with a mydriatic drug (phenylephrine chloride 0.5% + tropicamide 0.5%) (Mydrin-P, Santen, Osaka, Japan), the measurements were repeated. The wavefront data of 4-mm and 6-mm diameter zones were analyzed. The changes of aberrations before and after mydriasis were evaluated by paired t-test. RESULTS: The values of ocular, corneal and internal spherical aberrations before and after mydriasis on the 4-mm diameter pupil zone were not statistically significantly different. On the 6-mm diameter zone, the ocular and internal spherical aberrations were statistically significantly different (p = 0.025, p = 0.002, respectively, paired t-test). However, the corneal aberrations did not show significant changes. The internal aberrations average before mydriasis was -0.043 (+/-0.21) microm and was shifted in a negative direction to -0.093 (+/-0.17) microm after mydriasis. The ocular aberrations average also changed toward negative after mydriasis. The high-order aberrations and astigmatism did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The ocular and internal spherical aberrations changed toward negative with mydriasis in the participants' eyes suggesting the change of the ocular spherical aberration to be attributed to internal changes.
Astigmatism ; Dilatation ; Eye ; Mydriasis ; Pupil ; Tokyo ; Tropicamide

For the assessment the effect of succinylcholine (SCh) on atracurium, 59 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were subjected to this study in which the nEMG response (twitch height) of the hand to TOF stimulation (0.2 Hz) of ulnar nerve was monitored and recorded with Datex Relaxograph. According to the amount and mode of the drugs administered, the patients were divided into four experimental groups;1) Group I, a bolus injection of atracurium in dose of 0.5 mg/kg 2) Group II, atracurium 1.0 mg/kg, a double dose of group I 3) Group III, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg after 25 to 50% recovery of initial twitch height from twitch height depression induced by SCh (1 mg/kg) 4) Group IV, mixed injection of SCh (1 mg/kg) and atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) Followings were the results. 1. Mean onset time of the atracurium, which was 4.5+/-0.6 minutes in group I and 4.00.7 minutes in group II, changed to 2.7+/-0.6 and 4.0+0.8 minutes in group III and IV respectively, showing no significance. 2. Mean action duration of atracurium was 49.1+/-3.4 minutes in group I and 72.0+/-3.7 minutes in group II, the latter being significant (p<0.001). It was, however, 49.0+/-3.6 minutes in group III, indicating that SCh shnwed a little effect, while it was 38.1+/-1.8 minutes in group IV, being significantly shorter than those of group I and IlI (p<0.01). 3. Mean potency of atracurium expressed by the percentage change of initial twich height was 0.7+/-0.5% in group I and it was decreased to 0% in group II but it was not sinificant. In group III, it was increased to 0.9+/-0.6% but it was also no significance. In group IV, it was decreased to 0.4+/-0.2% which was not significant. 4. Presence of atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) in group IV did not have any effect on the intensity of fasciculation induced by SCh. These results indicate that succinylcholine did not attect the onset time and action potency of atracurium. However, in group of the mixed injection, SCh shortened only the duration of action of atracurium.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Atracurium* ; Depression ; Fasciculation ; Hand ; Humans ; Succinylcholine* ; Ulnar Nerve