No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Ductus Arteriosus* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Ultrasonography*

Computerized tomography(CT) has proven to be far superior to other diagnostic studies in the detection of intracranial lesions after head injuries. The procedure is especially appropriate for early and accurate diagnosis because it can be done quickly with no discomfort and minimal risk. CT was utilized as a screening diagnostic procedures in 100 consecutive patients of head injuries who were alert and neurologically no deficits in a 8 months period. 11 abnormal CT Scans found at 10 patients:six epidural hematomas, two intracerebral hematomas, one sudural hygroma and one temporal contusion. The cases presented are discussed in light of pertinent literature.
Contusions ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Diagnosis ; Head* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Mass Screening ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No Abstract Available.
Keratosis*

In page 155, Yoon Kyung Imshould be changed as Yun Kyong Lim.

BACKGROUND: FDA recommend that botulinum toxin should be used within 4 hours after reconstruction. Because botulinum toxin is very expensive and also only small amounts of botulinum toxin are needed for one lesion, it should be used for several patients simultaneously to reduce cost. The reports on the decrease of potency according to storage temperature and duration were contradictory among the investigators. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the change of the potency in various storage temperatures and duration and, to determine the optimal conditions for storage of botulinum toxin without potency reduction. METHODS: The potency of botulinum toxin was measured by the reduction rate of tension of the injected gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. The potency of botulinum toxin could be estimated through the comparison of the reduction rate of tension between two muscles; botulinum toxin injected muscle and normal saline injected control muscle, which was denoted as % paralysis. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin induced muscle paralysis in a dose-dependent manner. Muscle was paralysed by 9.8+/-0.6(mean+/-standard error), 10.2+/-2.7, 38.3+/-13.6, and 93.7+/-0.5% at 0(injected normal saline to both sides of gastrocnemius muscles of the same rat), 0.01, 0.1, and 1unit/0.1ml of fresh botulinum toxin injection, respectively. Percent paralyses by 1unit/0.1ml of stored botulinum toxin at 4degreeC and -20degreeC were 98.8+/-0.6% and 98.2+/-0.9% in 4 weeks, respectively. Percent paralyses by 0.1 unit/0.1 ml of stored botulinum toxin at 4degreeC and -20degreeC were 29.6+/-4.8% and 35.5+/-15.1% in 4 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION: With these findings, the authors proved that if botulinum toxin is stored in refrigerator(4degreeC) or refreezer(-20degreeC) after reconstruction, it can be used without the decrease of its potency.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Paralysis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Personnel

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the impedance index of the renal vein for the diagnosis of acute obstructive uropathy in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ligation of the left ureter was done in 12 rabbits. Doppler sonography of the interlobar veins in both kidneys was checked before and 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours after ureteral ligation. The venous impedance index [(peak flow signal-least flow signal)/peak flow signal]was compared between the obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys for all periods. The change in the impedance index after ureteral ligation was also compared between the obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys. RESULTS: A decrease in the impedance index of the intrarenal vein was observed starting from 30 mins after ureteral ligation, and the index remained low up to 24 hours after ureteral ligation. The obstructed kidneys had a significantly lower impedance index than the contralateral kidneys for all six of the postligation measurements (p< 0.05). There were significant differences in the change of impedance index after ureteral ligation between the obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The impedance index of the intrarenal vein was significantly decreased in the obstructed kidneys. The measurement of the impedance index of the intrarenal vein using Doppler sonography could provide a useful method of diagnosing obstructive uropathy.
Diagnosis ; Electric Impedance* ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Rabbits* ; Renal Veins* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Veins

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome (HHH syndrome) is a neurometabolic disorder with highly variable clinical severity ranging from mild learning disability to severe encephalopathy. Diagnosis of HHH syndrome can easily be delayed or misdiagnosed due to insidious symptoms and incomplete biochemical findings, in that case, genetic testing should be considered to confirm the diagnosis. HHH syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations of SLC25A15, which is involved in the urea cycle and the ornithine transport into mitochondria. Here we report a boy with spastic paraplegia and asymptomatic younger sister who have compound heterozygous mutations of c.535C>T (p.R179*) and c.116C>A (p.T39K) in the SLC25A15 gene. We identified that p.T39K mutation is a novel pathogenic mutation causing HHH syndrome and that p.R179*, which is prevalent in Japanese and Middle Eastern heritage, is also found in the Korean population.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Genetic Testing ; Genetics ; Humans ; Learning Disorders ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Ornithine ; Paraplegia ; Siblings ; Urea ; Urea Cycle Disorders, Inborn

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of spiral CT in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer by comparing with histopathological finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied spiral CT scans of forty-eight patients, in whom gastric cancer was proven by gastrofibroscopic biopsy and surgery. After distending the stomach with 400ml tap water or effervescent granules, 100ml of contrast media was given intravenously at a rate of 3ml/sec. CT scanning was started at 45 sec after administration of the contrast material. Gastric tumors were subdivided into five types according to enhancing pattern from the inner layer of gastric wall to the outer layer. These pattern were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULT: The tumor masses were detected on CT scan in 10(77%) of 13 patients with early gastric cancer, while, the tumor masses were seen on CT scan in all patients with advanced gastric cancer. Of 9 patients with type 1 or type 2 enhancing pattern, early gastric cancer(T1) were proven in 7 patients(78%), serosal invasion (T3) in 2 patients(22%). In contrast, among 29 patients with type 4 and type 5, 22 patients(76%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3). Of 7 patients with type 3, 3 patients(43%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3), three(43%) as subserosal invasion(T2), one as early gastric cancer(T1). CONCLUSION: Analysis of morphological enhancing pattern on spiral CT is useful in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
Biopsy ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the T2 value of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in rotator cuff disease displayed on 3.0T MRI and to apply it in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved sixty-two patients who underwent shoulder MRI containing T2 mapping. The mean T2 value was measured by placing a free hand ROI over the glenoid or humeral cartilage from the bone-cartilage interface to the articular surface on three consecutive, oblique coronal images. The drawn ROI was subsequently divided into superior and inferior segments. The assessed mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenohumeral joint were compared and evaluated based on the degree of rotator cuff tear, the degree of fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff, and the acromiohumeral distance. RESULTS: ICC values between two readers indicated moderate or good reproducibility. The mean T2 value for the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head cartilage failed to show any significant difference based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, the mean T2 values of articular cartilage, based on fatty atrophy, tended to be higher in fatty atrophy 3 or fatty atrophy 4 groups while some sub-regions displayed significantly higher mean T2 values. There was no correlation between the acromiohumeral distance and the mean T2 values of the articular cartilage of the glenoid and humeral head. CONCLUSION: T2 mapping of the glenohumeral joint failed to show any significant difference in quantitative analysis of the degenerative change of the articular cartilage based on the degree of rotator cuff tear. However, it also offers quantitative information on the degenerative change of cartilage of the glenohumeral joint in patients with rotator cuff tear and severe fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff.
Atrophy ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Hand ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Tears

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout among workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-four workers who had violence experiences from clients participated in the study. The data were collected from August 5 to 29, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criterion. Results: Psychological stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (r=-.21, p=.002) and significantly positively correlated with burnout (r=.70, p<.001). Resilience was also significantly negatively correlated with burnout (r=-.30, p<.001). Furthermore, resilience (β=-0.17, p<.001) had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout (Z=2.35, p=.018). Conclusion Our study findings suggest that resilience plays an important role to maintain well-being and cope productively of workers with violence experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a intervention program that can enhance the resilience to cope positively for the workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center.