The Purpose of this study is to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing menopausal symptoms of married women and nuns in order to improve health and the quality of life for women. In this study a questionnaires were distributed to 116 nuns and 121 married women, from forty to fifty nine years old in Daegu metropolitan city. This study used the measurement of menopausal symptoms (Cronbach's Alpha=0.96) corrected and complemented by this student with consideration of various literature centered around menopausal symptoms, suggested by Janette M. Perz as 51 questions including 4 realms; [mental psychological factors], [physical physiological factors], [eyesight factors], and [urinary generative factors] in order to measure the degree of menopausal symptoms. The results are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference between educational background, religion, occupation, leisure time, satisfaction of marriage or ascetic life, existence of hormonal treatment, name of medical operation, and existence of counselling about menstruation as general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group. 2. The menopausal symptoms of the nuns' group and the married women's group according to order in which they were presented were; 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.71 points)' 'vision not clear or clouded(1.69 points)', and 'be forgetful (1.57 points)' in nuns' group. 'be forgetful (1.87 points)', 'vision not clear or clouded(1.83 points)' and 'feeling tired and lacking in energy(1.76 points)' in the married women's group. The symptoms which showed the highest rank of menopausal symptoms had a maximum score of 4 points. 3. There was a statistical a significance (t=-3.9807, p<.0001) between the two groups which showed, on an average, 57.92 points in the married women's group and 43.03 points in the nuns' group from 0 to 196 of the possible points of menopausal symptoms. In difference of menopausal symptoms by menstrual aspect of the nuns' group and the married women's group, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups, showing 44.81+/- 26.07 score in the nuns' group and 72.33+/-35.29 score in the married women's group as the mean score of the groups with no menstruation(t=-4.1132, p=0.0001). 4. The differences in menopausal symptoms with respect to the general and physiological characteristics of the nuns' group and the married women's group were that the nuns' group showed less menopausal symptoms on all the items than that of the married women's group. Finally, in these results, the married women's group showed higher menopausal symptoms than that of the nuns' group. Especially as the score of menopausal symptoms since the climacteric was very high it is confirmed to be a new phenomenon. Accordingly, it is considered to be necessary to carry out an indepth study of the factors related to establishing a strategy for nursing service.
Climacteric ; Complement System Proteins ; Daegu ; Female ; Humans ; Leisure Activities ; Marriage ; Menopause ; Menstruation ; Nursing Services ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis* ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*

No abstract available.
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis* ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*

No Abstract Available.
Astrocytes* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior on nurses' performance of nursing. METHODS: This study was done over a 6 month period, with 395 nurses participants from 5 different general hospitals with 400 beds in 4 regions of Korea. Data were gathered using self-reported questionnaires from July 23 to August 21, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses with IBM SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Nursing performance showed positive correlations with workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior. The significant predictors of the nursing performance by nurses were a master's degree or higher (β=.26), civic virtue (β=.19), courtesy (β=.12), 40 years of age or older (β=.09), a sense of empathy (β=.07), and a bachelor's degree in nursing (β=.06). These variables explained 39.2% of the variance in nursing performance by nurses. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, there is a need to develop intervention programs that can inspire nurse to show spontaneous organizational citizenship behavior, and enhance their workplace spirituality. Related variables including academic credentials should also be taken into account.
Empathy ; Employee Performance Appraisal ; Hospitals, General ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Spirituality* ; Virtues

PURPOSE: This study was done to extend the understanding and knowledge of menopause by comparing attitudes toward menopause and menopausal symptoms of women religious and married women. METHODS: The data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 126 women religious and 131 married women, between 40 and 59 years of age who lived in P city, D city and K province. A structured questionnaire was used which included demographic and health-related information, attitudes toward menopause, and menopausal symptoms. Data were analyzed by using chi2-test, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for attitudes toward menopause of women religious and married women was 69.46 +/- 6.15 and 66.98 +/- 6.12 respectfully, and the difference was significant (p=.001). The mean score for menopausal symptoms of women religious and married women was 41.33 +/- 23.55 and 55.99 +/- 30.81 respectively, and the difference was also significant (p<.001). Attitudes toward menopause were negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms (r=-.27, p<.001).
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The effect of dexamethasone of the maturation of the fetal lungs of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied morphologically and biochemically. By light and electron microscopy there was little difference in fetal pulmonary maturation between the untreated control group and the untreated diabetic group, but when both groups were treated with dexamethasone the fetuses showed accelerated pulmonary maturation, approximately one day earlier with an increase of air spaces per unit area and an earlier appearance of type II pneumocytes. The number of osmiophilic inclusion bodies per alveolus and per type II pneumocyte, and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid increased markedly and they were statistically significant in both groups injected with dexamethasone, but were decreased in the untreated diabetic group, though only the L/S ratio of the animals of the 19th day gestation was statistically significant. Phosphatidylglycerol was present in the amniotic fluid of the groups injected with dexamethasone one day earlier than the untreated control and the untreated diabetic groups. However, the intensity of phosphatidylglycerol tended to be lower in the untreated diabetic group. It is concluded that the prenatal administration of dexamethasone to the diabetic pregnant rats will accelerate fetal pulmonary maturation morphologically and promote the synthesis of surfactant biochemically.
Animal ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Weight ; Comparative Study ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* ; Female ; Fetal Organ Maturity/drug effects ; Fetus/cytology ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/embryology* ; Lung/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Diabetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

Lichen striatus is an uncommon nonspecific inflammatory cutaneous disease of unknown etiology occuring as unilateral and linear distribution on extremities and healing spontaneously within a few months to a year. Clinically it is composed of small licbenoid papules which tend to be grouped and coalesced to form either a continuous or an interrupted hypopigmented band and is not usually accompanied by any subjective symptoms. The principal histologic features are an infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes around papillary vessels and usually also around, some of the deeper vessels and skin appendages and consequent secondary changes of the epidermis. We present the results of clinical and histopathologic observation in 19 patients with lichen striatus observed at Department of Dermatology, National Medical Center and Seoul National University Hospital during 4 years period from l972 to 1976 which would be the first recorded report on this rare disease in Korea. 1. Clinieal Observation.' Among the 19 patients, 10 were female and 9 were male; 15 were under 10 years of age and 4 were over 10 years of age. Duration of the eruption varied from 1 week to 4 years and average duration was 9.6 months at the time of the first visit. It was unilateral in all cases and affected the upper extremities in 9 and the lower extremities in 8 instances. The eruption extended onto the upper part of the trunk in 2 cases. Only 3 patients had a history of mild intermittent itching sensation. Characteristically, the eruption consisted of grouped, linear, slightly scaling flat polygonal papules with varying degrees of hypopigmentation, extending at least onethird of the length of an extremity. . Histopathologic observation: Skin biopsy was performed in 13 cases. The epiderrnal changes consist of mild diffuse hyperkeratosis (13 cases), focal parakeratosis (5 cases), varying degree of atrophy of malpighian layer (7 cases), mild acanthosis (2 cases), intercellular and intracellular edema (8 cases), exocytosih of lymphocytes (7 cases), focal basal cell disruption (11 cases), and dyskeratotic cells (colloid body) (2 cases). Dermal changes include mild to moderate perivaacular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate rnostly on the level of papillary dermis. Also, there was chronic infIammatory cell infiltrate around hair follicle and sweat glands and ducts in 7 cases respectively, which seems to be peculiar in this disease. Overall histologic findings in our cases are generally consistent with those of the primary phase of the so-called lichenoid tissue reaction of Pinkus, The possible pathogenetic mechanism of the linear eruption and immunobiologic interpretation of the lichenoid tissue reaction were literally reviewed.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Extremities ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation ; Korea ; Lichens* ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Parakeratosis ; Pruritus ; Rare Diseases ; Sensation ; Seoul ; Skin ; Sweat Glands ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to examine knowledge level of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and vaccination status among Korean mothers' with a daughter in high school. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 234 Korean mothers. RESULTS: The mean score of HPV knowledge level was 4.21 out of 20, and cervical cancer knowledge was 3.88 out of 7. There were low levels of daughters' who received HPV vaccination (3.8%) and high levels of mothers' intention to get their daughters' vaccinated with HPV (85.0%). The major barrier to HPV vaccination was the concern for side effect from the vaccination. The most effective recommendation for HPV vaccination came from health care providers. CONCLUSION: HPV educational programs targeting mothers of daughters in high school is needed. Future studies need to determine actual HPV vaccination rates and factors related to high uptake using a larger sample from various socioeconomic background.
Health Personnel ; Humans ; Intention ; Mothers* ; Nuclear Family* ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms* ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of a footbath program on heart rate variability, blood pressure, body temperature and fatigue of stroke patients with stroke-induced hemiparesis. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 40 stroke patients, twenty for the footbath program and twenty for the control group, who were hospitalized in a long-term rehabilitation hospital in G city of Korea, from February to April 2014. The twenty participants in the experimental group received the intervention of footbaths and an educational program focused on the prevention of stroke complications; Collected data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS WIN 20.0 program using a t-test, chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, hand and foot temperatures and fatigue between the two groups. But no significant differences were found in diastolic blood pressure, core temperatures, forehead temperatures, and hand temperatures between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The footbath program was an effective intervention for skin temperature change and fatigue reduction for stroke patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the footbath program can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for stroke patients in long-term rehabilitation care hospitals.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Temperature* ; Fatigue* ; Foot ; Forehead ; Hand ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Paresis ; Rehabilitation ; Skin Temperature ; Stroke*