The purpose of study was to identify relationship between body image and depression of diabetes mellitus patients. The subjects of study were 120 diabetes mellitus patients who were B hospital in Pusan. Data were collected from 15th April to 20th August, 1998. The instrument used for this study were Osgood's body image scale and Zung's depression scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of body image was 68.91+/-8.04, and the mean score of depression was 56, 18+/-1.58. 2. The score of body image according to marital status(t=-2.434, p = ,016). economic status (F=6.252, p=.001), reason of different regular hospital visiting(F=3.017, p=.014), treatment method of diabetes mellitus (F=3.048, p=.013) were significantly difference. ere significantly difference. The score of depression according to sex(t= 2.353, p= .020). occupational status (F=4.657, p=.002), marital status(t=-2.325, p=.022), economic status(F=5.536, p=.001), regular hospital visiting(t=2.081. p=.040), reason of different regular hospital visiting(F=3.352, p=.007), treatment method of diabetes mellitus(F=3.102. p=.012), paticipation of diabetes mellitus(t=3.726, p = .000), paticipation of diabetes mellitus visiting(F=4,819. p=.003) were significantly difference. 5. Body image and depression was a significant negative correlation(r=-.679. p=.000).
Body Image* ; Busan ; Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Employment ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between job satisfaction and burnout experience. The subjects were 225 nephrology nurses in Pusan, and Kyung Sang Namdo and Kyung Sang Bukdo. The data were collected from Nov. 20 to Dec. 3, 1996 using questionnaires method. Job satisfaction measured job satisfaction tool by Slavitt et al, and burnout experience measured burnout experience scale by Pines et al. The questionnaire consisted of question regarding job satisfaction scale(44 items 5 point scale) and burnout experience scale(21 items 7 point scale). The reliability of this instrument was that the hob satisfaction was Cronbach's alpha=0.8298 and the burnout experience was Cronbach's alpha=0.8960. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program using mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the demosociographic characteristics showed the highest level was as follows : 26-30 years old group(40.2%), married(56.4%), graduated junior college of nursing(87.6%), non the religious(35.6%), the effect of religion upon life is not effected(35.6%). In the characteristics related to nursing profession showed the highest level was as follows : Hospital style is secondary hospital(that have above 450 beds) (53.3%), staff nurse(72.9%), the length of clinical experience at hemodialysis room is less than 2 years(39.1%), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses is 5(40.4%), work in two shift(55.6%), the nurses professional motivation is family recommended(33.8%), the nurses intention to stay is until for needed(58.2%), the chance for professional growth is not enough(44.9%), degree of satisfaction with nursing is moderate(43.2%). 2. The mean score of the total hob satisfaction is 3.06 of 5 point Likert-type scale. Task requirements(3.51) among the component factors of the job satisfaction was the highest value and then the interaction among fellow nurses(3.34), job prestige/status(3.33), autonomy(3.27), organizational requirement(2.55), and pay(2.39) was the lowest 3. The mean score of the total burnout experience is 3.20 of 7 point Likert-type scale. Physical exhaustion(3.36) among the component factors of the burnout experience was the highest value and then emotional exhaustion(3.20), and mental exhaustion(2.95) was the lowest. 4. Job satisfaction according to demosociographic characteristics of the subjects showed significant differences in the effect of religion upon one's life(F=3.268, p=0.013). Job satisfaction according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the hospital type(F=3.479, p=0.033), position(F=3.165, p=0.044), number of patient was assigned a nephrology nurses(F=2.552, p=0.040), nurses intention to stay(F=7.153, p=0.001), the chance for professional nursing growth(F=3.735, p=0.006), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=12.680,p=0.000). Burnout experience according to characteristics related to nursing profession of the subjects showed significant differences in the position(F=3.247, p=0.041), number of patient was assigned nephrology nurses(F=4.220, p=0.003), shift(F=3.148, p=0.045), nurses intention to stay(F=9.911, p=0.000), the degree of satisfaction with nursing(F=13.234, p=0.000). 5. Job satisfaction and burnout experience was signigicant negative correlation(r=-.5466, p<.001).
Busan ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction* ; Motivation ; Nephrology* ; Nursing ; Renal Dialysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to the relationship between powerlessness, self-efficacy and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. The subjects were compromised of 198 hemodialysis patients from Pusan, Kyung-Sang Namdo and Kyung-Sang Bukdo 6 hemodialysis clinics. There were significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life(r= .512, p .00l). Data were collected by questionnaires from Sep. 19 to Oct. 27, 2001. The instrument used for study were the Powerlessness Behavioral Assessment Tool (Miller, 1983) and self-efficacy developed by Kim, Ju-Hyun(1995) and quality of life developed by Kim, Ok-Soo(1993). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, pearson correlation The results were as follows. 1. The mean score of powerlessness was 52.41+/-.93, mean mark 3.28+/-.43, and the mea score of self-efficacy was 45.44+/-.75, mean mark 2.87+/-.49, and the mea score of quality of life was 121.27+/-3.81. mean mark 2.96+/-.58. 2. There were significant differences in the level of powerlessness according to sex (1,=2.148, p= .033), occupation(t=3.682, p=.000), economic status(F=3.094, p=.048), experience of hospitalization (1,=-2.002. p= .047). 3. There were significant differences in the level of self-efficacy according to age(F=3.271. p=.013), economic status (F=5.759, p=.004), religion(F=2.667, p= .048), hemodialysis period(F=2.991. p =.032), hemodialysis frequency(t = 9.045, p = .003), experience of hospitalization (1,=4.40, p=.037). 4. There were significant differences in the level of quality of life according to occupation(t=3.796, p=.053), economic status(F=11.478, p=.000), hemodialysis frequency(t=7.573, p=.006). 5 There were significant negative correlation between powerlessness and self-efficacy (r=- .401. p .001), powerlessness and quality of .life(r=- .562, p .001),
Busan ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Renal Dialysis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to identify the relationship between body image and self-esteem in patients with chronic renal failure. METHOD: The subjects of study were 97 patients with chronic renal failure who were outpatients at K medical center, B hospital, H hospital in Busan. Data were collected from Nov. 15th to Dec. 17th, 1999. The instruments used for study were the Body Cathexis Scale and Rogenberg's Self-esteem Scale. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULT: 1. The mean score for body image was 137.46+/-22.21, the mean mark 2.92+/-0.47, and the mean score of self-esteem was 30.80+/-0.76, the mean mark 3.08+/-0.87. 2. There was a significant difference in the score for body image according to educational level (F=5.189, P=0.002) and type of residence (F=6.095, P=0.001). 3. There was a significant difference in the score for self-esteem according to age (F=3.615, P=0.009), educational level (F=4.772, P=0.004), marital status (F=3.498, P=0.019), and presence of children (F=2.511, P=0.014). 4. Body image in patients with chronic renal failure patients showed significant correlation with self-esteem (r=0.519, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: From this study, a relationship between body image and self-esteem in patients with chronic renal failure was identified. Therefore, nursing interventions are needed to promote body image and self esteem in patients with chronic renal patients.
Body Image* ; Busan ; Cathexis ; Child ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Self Concept

Although neuroendocrine differentiation is a characteristic feature of tumors of the adrenal medulla, cortical tumors may also rarely be differentiated into medullary element. Recently we experienced such a case of adrenal cortical tumor having features of both cortical and medullary tumor. The patient was an 11-year-old girl who was incidentally found to have a left adrenal mass. Laboratory results showed elevated serum cortisol, aldosterone, renin, and epinephrine with high excretion of urinary metanephrine. Urine vanillyl mandelic acid and 17-ketosteroid remained within normal limits. Histologic featuresof a 6 cm round yellowish tumor were ambiguous to decide the orgin of this neoplasm. Cortical element predominated in the tumor with minor areas of pheochromocytomatous feature. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, neuron specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed scattered membrane bound dense core granules in the tumor cells of medullary differentiation, measuring 150~500 nm in average diameter. Cortical tumor element showed corresponding ultrastructural features. These results indicate that this is a case of adrenal cortical tumor with features of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cytogenetics*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify health promoting behavior and life satisfaction in rural elderly people. METHODS: The data were collected from October 1st 2002 to October 31th, 2003. The participants were 142 elderly people living in Hong Cheon, Korea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The average score for the health promoting behavior was 2.64 (+/-0.34), with a minimum of 1.48 and maximum of 3.80. The average scores for each subscale were, nutrition, 2.98, interpersonal support, 2.78, health responsibility, 2.67, self-actualization, 2.66, stress management, 2.58, and exercise, 1.93. Signifiant differences in health promoting behavior were found according to the following general characteristics: education level, religion, senior citizens center usage and allowance. The average score for life satisfaction was 2.68 (+/-0.42), with a minimum of 1.38 and a maximum of 3.85. Senior citizens center usage was the only general characteristics that showed a significant difference for life satisfaction. There was a significant positive correlation between health promoting behavior and life satisfaction (r= 0.5783, p=0.001). Self-actualization and stress management had statistically significant casual effects on life satisfaction (R2=0.3961). CONCLUSION: Effective methods to enhance life satisfaction of rural elderly should emphasize self-actualization and stress management.
Aged* ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Personal Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the positive aspects of sexual knowledge in high school students. METHOD: The participants were 1,106 students from two high school in Hong Cheon, Korea. Data were collected between June 1st and June 30th, 2001. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program to investigate responses to a structured questionnaire. RESULT: The level of sexual knowledge in the high school students was 13.83 (range 1 to 19). In terms of the response distribution for sexual knowledge by items, the correct response rate was highest for "wet dream", and the incorrect response rate was lowest for "sexually transmitted disease". There were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to the general characteristics of gender and grade (women: 14.07, men: 13.48; 12th grade: 14.52, 11th grade: 13.92, and 10th grade: 13.12). It was found that there were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to method of sex education, teacher, and effect of sex education. CONCLUSION: The level of sexual knowledge in high school students was low; thus, more effective methods to enhance the sexual knowledge of men students on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception are needed.
Contraception ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Sex Education ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of sexual knowledge of male high school students. METHOD: The participants were 503 male students from a high school in one county of Gangwon Province. The data were collected from May 1 to May 30, 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program to investigate the responses to the structured questionnaires used in the study. RESULTS: The level of sexual knowledge of high school students was 10.25(range 0 to 17). In terms of response distribution of sexual knowledge by items, the correct response rate was highest for "wet dream is discharge of semen during sleep", and the wrong response rate was lowest in "gonorrhea occurred most frequency in 15-25 year old adolescents". General characteristics showed significant differences in sexual knowledge depending on grade(grade 3 :10.45, grade 2: 10.40, grade1: 9.88). Depend on the sexual impulse and the solutions to sex problems, there were significant differences in sexual knowledge with respect to sexual characteristics. CONCLUSION: As a whole the sexual knowledge of the male high school students was low, sexual education programs for high school students should focus on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception.
Contraception ; Dreams ; Education ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Male* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; School Health Services ; Semen ; Sexuality ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for pediatric inpatients falls. METHODS: The study was a matched case-control design. The participants were 279 patients under the age of 6 who were admitted between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Through chart reviews, 93 pediatric patients who fell and 186 ones who did not fall were paired by gender, age, diagnosis, and length of stay. Five experts evaluated the 38 fall risk factors selected by the researchers. RESULTS: In a general hospital, pediatric patients with secondary diagnosis, tests that need the patient to be moved, intravenous lines, hyperactivity, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, and general anesthetics showed significance for falls on adjusted-odds ratios. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors that influence pediatric inpatient falls. The probability of falls increased with hyperactivity and general weakness. Patients who didn't have tests that required them to be moved and intravenous line had a higher risk of falls. CONCLUSION: These findings provide information that is relevant in developing fall risk assessment tools and prevention programs for pediatric inpatient falls.
Accidental Falls/*prevention & control ; Age Factors ; Analgesics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases/pathology ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors