No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Abortion, Habitual* ; Cytogenetics* ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to assess the use of food materials at elementary school in Busan area and provide school meal management with basic data to improvement of guideline. A survey was done by e-mail with a set of questionnaires, which was responeded by 122 dietitians in elementary school foodservice. The results were as follows; Sixty percent of the dietitians though to the general imported food materials had to use. Regarding mean score of using the imported food materials; safety was 2.12/5.00, freshness 2.48/5.00, sanitation 2.68/5.00, nutrition 2.73/5.00, preference 2.93/5.00, external form 3.09/5.00, package 3.12/5.00, and price 3.63/5.00. Thirty seven percent of the dietitians had purchase the pro-environment farm products(PEFPs) and 32.0% of them purchased those products for the students' health. But 52.4% could not purchase to the PEFPs because of expensive price. They had negative opinions about deficient supplying of PEFPs 4.51/5.00, too expensive price 4.34/5.00, and the truth or false in source of PEFPs 3.96/5.00. Most of them perceived that using the PEFPs had to apply the step by step. Among of them, 33.9% had the knowledge of PEFPs, but 16.4 of them did not know to the PEPPs. 57.4% of them hoped to purchase the food materials through a center of supporting school meal servcie(it called non-profit-making organizations).
Busan* ; Electronic Mail ; Hope ; Humans ; Meals ; Nutritionists* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sanitation

No abstract available.
Ring Chromosomes*

The kidney size is of special interest during the diagnostic work up of acute lymphocytic leukemia. But is still uncertain whether a finding of kidney enlargement at presentation has long-term prognostic value. We therefore reviewed the kidney size in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia by abdominal ultrasonograms at the time of diagnosis (n=54) and exmined if there was any statistical significance between the kidney size and prognostic parameters and later outcome. The following results were obtained 1) Among the patients whose kidney size was enlarged over 4SD from the normal, hepatomegaly in 3 cases (20%), splenomegaly in 3 cases (20%), mediastinal widening in 2 cases (13%) were noted. The interrelation between kidney size and infiltration of extramedullary system had no statistical significance. 2) Among the patients whose kidney size was enlarged over 4SD from the normal, patients under age 2 and over age 10 in 5 cases (33%), male in 8 cases (53%), involvement of central nervous system in 1 cases (7%), WBC count over 100x10E9/L in 3 cases (20%), Hb over 10 g/dl in 3 cases (20%) and platelet count below 100x10E9/L in 3 cases (20%) were noted. There was no statistical significance between kidney size and infiltration of extramedullary system. 3) Two Year survival rate based upon kidney size was; 95% in the group below 2SD, 79% between 2SD and 4SD, 59% over 4SD. And 2 Year event free survival rate was 71%, 56% and 58 respectively. In conclusion, the kidney size in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia at the time of diagnosis influences the late outcome, but it is not a meaningful prognostic parameters.
Central Nervous System ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Splenomegaly ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Modern intensive chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. However, quality of life and even survival may be threatened by infection. Immunosuppression is experted due to disease itself or therapy, and sometimes, immunosuppression itself may lead to reactivation of latent viral infections in these patients. Often the viruses involved in the most severe infections suggest that patients suffer from defect in the cellular immunity. The principal defects that predispose leukemia patients to infection are defects of T cell, B cell, stem cell, complement, and macrophage. These contributing factors interact in a complex manner resulting in spectrum of problems. But these may result from a T cell defect and, in this study, 7 cell responsiveness of patients at diagnosis, remission induction, maintenance chemotherapy and after chemotherapy for leukemia has been investigated. Studies of the immune competence of patients undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia is in progress, but results are different from each other. METHOD: Between July 1994 and May 1996, seventy patients with childhood ALL were enrolled in this study. In order to expect frequency and depth of infection and prognosis, we investigated concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, M, peripheral total lymphocyte count, 7 cell subsets, phytohemmaglutinin responsiveness, interleukln-2(IL-2), gamma-interferon(gamma-INF), and natural killer cell activity. RESULTS: 1) IgA concentrations were often markedly raised at diagnosis, and IgG, IgM concentrations both were within normal limits. During and after chemotherapy, IgA had fallen significantly but IgG, IgM are within normal limits. 2) Total lymphocyte count had fallen during chemotherapy, and returned to normal levels after chemotherapy. CD4+ T cell were markedly decresed at diagnosis, during chemotherapy and returned to normal levels after chemotherapy. 3) In vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the T cell mitogen phytohenagglutinin were impaired at diagnosis, during chemotherapy but did not returned to normal levels. 4) Interlekin-2, gamma interferon were normal levels at diagnosis, and had fallen in the induction of remission and quickly returned to normal levels with the swish to maintenance chemotherapy. But Interleukin-2 had fallen during and after chemotherapy. Natural killer cell activity had fallen at diagnosis, during chemotherapy and returned to normal levels after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: It is assumed that evidence of impaired T cell responses is somewhat definite. These observations suggest that proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, CD4+ T cell, natural killer cell activity defects are due to leukemia itself but others more likely are generalizable defects caused by chemotherapy. Further investigations, however, have suggested a persisting defect in IgA, proliferative reponses to phytohemagglutinin, and interleukln-2. Our observations also show that despite normal immunoglobulin levels, most of these children have nonprotective levels for common childhood bacterial or viral disease. These results support to the praxis to withdraw prophylactic antibiotics after discontinuation of intensive chemotherapy and to start the immunization. It is expect to try to use cytokine on treatment and to improve mortality and morbidity for children of acute leukemia also.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunosuppression ; Interferons ; Interleukin-2 ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leukemia ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; Mental Competency ; Mortality ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Remission Induction ; Stem Cells ; Virus Diseases

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hemophilia A* ; Molecular Biology* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*

Garcin's syndrome is defined as showing total unilateral cranial nerve palsies (at least more than 7 ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies), without either sensory or motor long tract disturbance, and without intracranial hypertension. The present report describes an 8-year-old child who had swelling on the right postauricular area and ptosis on the same side which developed before 2 months ago. Neurologic examination disclosed complete unilateral cranial nerve palsies on the right side. Brain MRI revealed a bulky hypervascular well-enhancing solid tumor, involving the right temporal bone, middle cranial fossa, cerebellopontine angle, infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae, and parapharyngeal space. A biopsy was performed, and its finding showed a chondrosarcoma.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Child ; Chondrosarcoma* ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Cranial Nerves ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; Temporal Bone

No abstract available.
Factor VIII* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*

BACKGROUND: Genetic susceptibility to a variety of disease has been shown and it has recently been suggested that aplastic anemia is more common in adults who are HLA-DR2+ than in the general population. METHODS: To investigate whether certain HLA-DR gene is more common in children with aplastic anemia and HLA-DR2+ gene is associated with susceptibility to cyclosporine A (CyA), we analyzed the results of HLA-DR typing in 37 children with aplastic anemia with sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) method. RESULTS: Eight patients were DR2+, and there was no more common than the normal population. All of the 8 patients with DR2+ were DRB1*1501+ with high resolution HLA typing. Of the 8 patients with DRB1*1501+, 3 patients were treated with CyA alone (2 patients) or CyA plus ATG (1 patient), 2 patients were treated with ATG (1 patient) or ALG alone (1 patient). Patients treated with CyA only or CyA plus ATG had either a complete (1 patient) or partial (2 patients) response and patients treated ATG or ALG alone had no response. CONCLUSION: Although incidence of HLA-DR2 was not significantly higher in children with aplastic anemia then normal population, response rate to CyA was significantly high in the DR2+ patients.
Adult ; Alleles* ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Child* ; Cyclosporine ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Histocompatibility Testing ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; HLA-DR2 Antigen ; Humans ; Incidence