No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Transplants* ; Urinary Incontinence*

To histologically compare benign prostatic hyperplasia with proslalic adenocarcinoma, a morphometric study was conducted on 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 16 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma group was divided into two subgroups. well differentiated (9 cases) and poorly differentiated (7 cases), based on the Gleason grading system. By means of computerized image analyzer, about 30 to 40 cells for each case were examined to evaluate mean nuclear area and perimeter, mean standard deviations and mean form factor. Mean form factor, the most prominent parameter in our study, was significantly different among BPH (1.063+/-0.008), well differentiated adenocarcinoma (1.089+/-0.018) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (1.135 +/-0.057 ). Mean standard deviations of mean nuclear area and perimeter were significantly different between benign prostatic hyperplasia and well differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma. .Morphometry. may provide the pathologists with a helpful technique, allowing them to analyze pathological material accurately. and in a more quantitative and reproducible fashion.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the values of serum lipids with hypertension and ischemic heart diseases. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured from 231 cases of hypertension, 23 cases of angina pectoris, 18 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 67 healthy adults together with normal value as controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean values of serum lipids in healthy adults were 111.0+/-41.3mg% for triglyceride, 171.2+/-33.5mg% for cholesterol, 175.1+/-36.3mg% for phospholipid, 479.9+/-82.6mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 219.8+/-46.8mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 93.4+/-53.8mg% for pre beta-lipoprotein and 164.1+/-40.8mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The values of cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein were gradually increased with aging. 2. The mean values of serum lipids in patients with hypertension were 176.3+/-94.5mg% for triglyceride, 199.7+/-36.9mg% for cholesterol, 207.8+/-38.0mg% for phospholipid, 601.9+/-139.9mg% for total lipid. The values of serum lipoproteins were 266.0+/-73.5mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 147.7+/-89.5mg% for pre-beta-lipoprotein and 187.7+/-56.7mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. The serum lipid values in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 3. The mean values of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with angina pectoris were significantly higher than in healthy controls. 4. The serum lipid values in general were higher rather in patients with acute myocardial infarction than healthy controls, but the values of serum phospholipid, pre-beta-lipoprotein and alpha-lipoprotein in them were not significantly higher than those in healthy controls. 5. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in patients with hypertension, anginal pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were lower than those in healthy controls. The values of serum HDL-cholesterol in all cases were in general higher rather in femal than male.
Adult ; Aging ; Angina Pectoris ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Reference Values ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: We investigated the inducible response of transcription factor Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NFkB) in response to lipopolysaccharide(LPS), interferons(INFs), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) on the normal urothelial cells derived from the ureter and the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urothelial cells were harvested from the ureter and the bladder, cultured, passaged and expanded in serum free medium. Immunostaining of the urothelial cells with reacting anti-cytokeratin antibodies was done to identify a stable epithelial phenotype. Cultured human urothelial cells were either untreated and treated with LPS, INFgamma, INFalpha and TNFalpha. Cell extracts were prepared and used for electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) using PRD II-kB as probes for NFkB respectively. RESULTS: We cultured urothelial cells successfully confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In both urothelial cell types, NFkB bindings with their respective probe were induced by treatment with LPS, INFgamma and TNFalpha. NFkB was weakly induced by INFalpha. For the NFkB complex, a distinctly different migrating pattern of the NFkB was noted between the diffrent urothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Many urothelial diseases are unique to specific areas of the urinary collecting system. The characterization of different inducible responses of transcription factors involved in cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling of genes encoding immunologically relevant proteins provide a unique opportunity for understanding disease presentation and designing specific treatment interventions.
Antibodies ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Extracts ; Cytoplasm ; Humans* ; Necrosis ; Phenotype ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urothelium

PURPOSE: While the exact inflammatory and immunological mechanisms involved in the induction of immunotherapy for superficial bladder carcinoma are mostly unknown, many of these mechanisms are mediated through the activation of transcription factors involved in signal transduction pathways Nuclear Factor Kappa B(NFkappaB) signal transduction pathways induce transcription factors that activate genes encoding immunological proteins such as cytokines and cell Surface maskers. This study investigates the activation pattern of NFkappaB by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), interferon gamma(INFgamma), and tissue necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha) in low(RT4) and high(T24) grade transitional carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low and high grade transitional carcinoma cell lines were cultured with Eagle's minimum essential medium. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA) of whole cell extracts from cell cultures of RT4 and T24 after exposure to LPS, INFgamma and TNFalpha, activation of NFkappaB complex has been demonstrated. Degradation of IkappaB has been demonstrated by Western blot analysis using IkappaBalpha /MAD-3. RESULTS: NFkappaB complex was induced by TNFalpha in both RT4 and T24 cells as determined by EMSA. NFalphaB complex was also Induced by INFgamma in the RT4 cells but not in the T24 cells. However in LPS treatment, the NFkappaB complex was strongly induced in T24 cells and the induction was very weak in RT4 cells. Inhibitor of NFkappaB (IkappaBalpha) was degraded rapidly after LPS treatment in the T24 cells as determined by Western blot analysis with IkappaBalpha specific antibody. However, the level of IkappaBalpha protein was same in the RT4 cells before and after LPS treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of differences in low and high grade tumor cell lines in the inducibility of transcription factors by LPS and INFgamma provide an opportunity for understanding the observed differences in the mechanisms within the signal transduction pathways will ultimately create disease specific as well as patient specific treatments for these malignant urothelial disorders.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Extracts ; Cell Line* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interferons ; Necrosis ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

The migration of intra-uterine devices into the bladder with the formation of stone occurs rarely. We report a case of bladder stone developed on Lippes loop migrated from the uterus.
Foreign Bodies ; Intrauterine Devices* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Uterus

Double primary cancer is defined as the case of primary malignant tumors in one person, which must be arisen in different sites and have a different histologic appearances in each other. The number of reported cases of multiple primary malignant tumors has increased in recent years, because of more developed diagnostic procedure and long survival of cancer patients, We have experienced 4 cases of double primary malignant tumors which were stomach cancer with colon, bronchus and esophagus cancer, and report these cases with review of literatures.
Bronchi ; Colon ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms