No abstract available.
Nicotine ; Psychometrics ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Tobacco Use Disorder

New techniques of anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band (ACTESB) were used in 49 eyes of 47 patients with neovascular glaucoma and other types of refractory glaucoma. In 34 eyes of 33 patients (Group A), by using Isingle slit incision and end suturing technique at the distal portion of tube, intraocular bressure was controlled less than 21mmHg in 21 eyes (61.8%) with a follow-up of 6 months to 18 months (mean, 13 month). The mean intraocular pressure of 36.38mmHg was reduced. Visual acuity was maintained or improved in 61 %. In 15 eyes of 14 patients (Group B), by using multiple slit incision at the distal portion of tube and single slit incision of the tube beneath scleral flap and external occlusion of tube with 8-0 vicry1, successful outcome was obtained in 86.6% of eyes after average follow up of 6 months. The mean intraocular pressure of 41.47mmHg reduced. Visual acuity was maintained or improved in 86.8%. The incidence of flat anterior chamber was decreased markedly and hyphema was not found in group B. In 4 eyes, there was evidence of blockage of the distal end of tude. Thus we think that the pattern of one piece valved implant is better than the other technique.
Anterior Chamber* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium*

We analyzed 72 eyes of 62 patients with various types of glaucoma who were able to follow up and had controlled intraocular pressure under 21 mmHg by trabeculectomy only, during the period of January 1, 1986 throungh June 31, 1989. The follow-up period was at least 1 year. The corrected visual acuity was reduced in 20 eyes(27.8%) at 3 months postoperatively, and 22 eyes(30.5%) at 1 year postoperatively. The refractive changes were increased myopia or decreased hyperopia in 40 eyes(55.6%) at 3 months postoperatively, and 42 eyes(58.3%) at 1 year postoperatively. There was no statistical significance in refractive change attributable to trabeculectomy procedures, but a tendency to change in the direction of increasing myopia or decreasing hyperopia was observed.
Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Intraocular Pressure ; Myopia ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

In the aphakic eye of no posterior capsular support, the posterior chamber intracoular lens implantation with suture fixation of the haptics to the sclera at the ciliary sulcus have been popular method. But there are difficulty to know whether the hclptics are exactly fixated in the ciliary sulcus or not and more surgical techniques are required. We have devised a simple and safe methods -4 step test (Guiding up test, Spring test, Knocking test, Lifting and rotating test) for implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses in the absence of capsular support with or without suture fixation. We have used this surgical technique for implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses in 41 eyes with no capsular support at Kim's eye clinic from July, 1989 to December, 1990. The patients were devided into 3 group-without scleral fixation group (Group A), with superior one point scleral fixation group (Group B), with two point scleral fixation groups (Group C). The results were as followed: 1. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 15 months. 2. The postoperative visual acuity was maintained or improved in 11 eyes (91.6%) of Group A, 9 eyes (69.2%) of Group B, and 12 eyes (75%) of Group C. 3. The most common complication was cystoid macular edema and the others were decentration, hyphema, retinal detachment, ocular hypertension in that order.
Aphakia ; Exercise Test* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Lifting ; Macular Edema ; Ocular Hypertension ; Retinal Detachment ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

We report on 4 cases with a unilateral single ectopic ureter associated with ipsilateral dysplastic or hypoplastic kidney and the usefulness of preoperative magnetic resonance(MR) urography in revealing the ureteral course and detecting the insertion site of ectopic ureter. Among two cases of unilateral single ectopic ureter associated with dysplastic kidney, one drains into the seminal vesicle and the other drains into the urethra. The other two cases have unilateral single ectopic ureter associated with hypoplastic kidney that drain into the vagina. In all cases, MR urography shows the ureteral course and insertion site of ectopic ureter regardless of the renal function. We believe that MR urograhy is a useful technique for the diagnosis of unilateral single ectopic ureter associated with hypofunctioning kidney.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Seminal Vesicles ; Ureter* ; Urethra ; Urography* ; Vagina

The incidence of malignant disease increases in kidney transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive therapy. Extramammary Paget's disease, a very rare dermatologic malignancy, is characterized by frequent recurrences and coexistence with other malignancies. Although skin cancer is the most common malignancy occurring after kidney transplantation, extramammary Paget's disease has not been reported in Korea. In this paper, we report a case of recurrent extramammary Paget's disease after renal transplantation. A 66-year old man, who underwent renal transplantation from a living unrelated donor 15 years ago, was diagnosed to have extramammary Paget's disease 7 years ago. At this admission he was troubled with a pruritic skin lesion in his suprapubic area which previously occurred twice. The recurring Paget's disease was treated with radical resection and coverage. No further recurrences have been developed during the following 12 months until now.
Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Korea ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Unrelated Donors

BACKGROUND: We compared the results of liver biopsy and the levels of serum type IV collagen of the hepatitis B carriers with normal liver function test (LFT) to evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum type IV collagen in predicting the progression of histopathological findings. METHODS : Thirty one chronic hepatitis B carriers with normal LFT and no significant clinical symptoms, who were Korean combat police, were classified into three groups according to their histologic results of the liver biopsies. The classification followed the standard proposed by Korean Society of Pathology. Blood samplings for serum type IVcollagen (reference : less than 5 ng/mL) were done in the morning of the same day of the liver biopsy. RESULTS: Of thirty one patients, thirteen patients showed normal histologic findings (41.9%, Group A), eleven patients revealed histologic abnormalities without fibrosis (35.5%, Group B) and seven patients were with fibrosis on liver biopsy (22.6%, Group C). Serum type IV collagen levels of Group A, B and C were 3.53 +/- .57 ng/mL, 3.56 +/- .17 ng/mL and 3.97 +/- .88 ng/mL, respectively. The average of serum type IV collagen levels of Group C was higher than of Group B and the average of Group B higher than that of Group A without any statistical significance (p > 0.05). The averages of serum type IV collagen of eighteen patients with histologic abnormalities (Group B and C) and twenty four patients without fibrosis (Group A and B) were 3.73 +/- 1.06 ng/mL and 3.55 +/- .88 ng/mL respectively. Upon comparison of these averages with the those of Group A and C, no statistical significance was established (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION : In chronic hepatitis B carriers with normal LFT findings, levels of serum type IV collagen were elevated along with histologic severities without statistical significance, therefore can not represent the changing degree of the histologic findings. Liver biopsy is considered to be one of the most accurate tool to assess the histologic status of the liver.
Biopsy* ; Classification ; Collagen Type IV* ; Collagen* ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests* ; Liver* ; Needles ; Pathology ; Police

Ileal atresia, a subtype of intestinal atresia, is one of the well-recognized causes of bowel obstruction in newborns. Prenatal diagnosis of intestinal atresia is very important in its management and outcome. Unfortunately, there are few cases of ileal atresia diagnosed prenatally, so more appropriate diagnoses and management plans are needed. As an associated gastrointestinal malformation with ileal atresia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is rarely reported. We report one case of postnatally diagnosed ileal atresia associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis which was complicated initially by bowel perforation and later by vomiting due to pyloric obstruction. Vomiting in the postoperative period is a common problem. But, if vomiting continues after the operation for ileal atresia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis should be considered as a possible cause of medically retractable non-bilious vomiting.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Atresia ; Postoperative Period ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic* ; Vomiting

We investigated the seasonality of Anopheles mosquitoes, including its species composition, density, parity, and population densities of mosquitoes infected with the parasite in Ganghwa-do (Island), a vivax malaria endemic area in the Republic of Korea. Mosquitoes were collected periodically with a dry-ice-tent trap and a blacklight trap during the mosquito season (April-October) in 2008. Anopheles sinensis (94.9%) was the most abundant species collected, followed by Anopheles belenrae (3.8%), Anopheles pullus (1.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (0.1%). Hibernating Anopheles mosquitoes were also collected from December 2007 to March 2008. An. pullus (72.1%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. sinensis (18.4%) and An. belenrae (9.5%). The composition of Anopheles species differed between the mosquito season and hibernation seasons. The parous rate fluctuated from 0% to 92.9%, and the highest rate was recorded on 10 September 2008. Sporozoite infections were detected by PCR in the head and thorax of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The annual sporozoite rate of mosquitoes was 0.11% (2 of 1,845 mosquitoes). The 2 mosquitoes that tested positive for sporozoites were An. sinensis. Malarial infections in anopheline mosquitoes from a population pool were also tried irrespective of the mosquito species. Nine of 2,331 pools of Anopheles mosquitoes were positive. From our study, it can be concluded that An. sinensis, which was the predominant vector species and confirmed as sporozoite-infected, plays an important role in malaria transmission in Ganghwa-do.
Animals ; Anopheles/*classification ; *Disease Vectors ; *Endemic Diseases ; Head/parasitology ; Malaria/*epidemiology/*transmission ; Plasmodium/isolation & purification ; Population Dynamics ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Seasons ; Thorax/parasitology