No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Transplants* ; Urinary Incontinence*

In Korea, all domestic made test systems for detecting antibodies in HIV-1 contain the antigens from human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B. However, because HIV-1 subtype O is significantly different in amino acid sequences from all other subtypes of HIV-1, there has been a need for developing a test for detecting antibodies in subtype O. For this purpose, the entire nucleotide sequence corresponding to the extracellular domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-1 subtype O was synthesized with consideration of Escherichia coli cordon usage. Various regions of the extracellular domain were cloned into E. coli expression vectors and tested for levels of protein production. The nucleotide sequence, named ECTM, that can encode a 129 amino acid-long peptide, was found to be expressed at a high level in E. coli. The protein of approximately 17 kDa specifically reacted with sera from individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype O. The ECTM protein was purified to near homogeneity by the CM-T gel chromatography, using concentrated, denatured inclusion bodies. In Western blot analysis, the purified viral antigen reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O more efficiently than subtype B. The enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) system was developed using the subtype O viral protein and compared with the commercially available kit lacking the antigens from subtype O. The ELISA kit containing the subtype O antigen ECTM alone efficiently reacted with sera from individuals infected with subtype O. The subtype O antigen-containing kit produced a positive absorbence even when sera were diluted 512-fold, suggesting a high sensitivity. The commercially available kit also reacted with subtype O sera, but produced a negative result at a dilution of 8-fold. Our results suggest that the currently available kit may not be able to efficiently detect subtype O sera and that the viral protein developed in this study may be added to the current system to maximize the detection of sera from individuals infected with subtype O.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Chromatography, Gel ; Clone Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Glycoproteins ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Inclusion Bodies ; Korea ; O Antigens

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: A comparison analysis of the clinical characteristics and treatment results of congenital NLD obstruction. METHODS: The present study involved 216 pediatric patients (258 eyes) diagnosed with and treated for congenital NLD obstruction. Treatment was applied step by step starting with conservative massaging, lacrimal probing, and silicone tube intubation. RESULTS: The treatment results of congenital NLD obstruction in pediatric patients under 12 months of age showed an 87.3% success rate after an average of 4.3 months of treatment in the group using lacrimal sac massage and antibiotic eye drops (conservative treatment). The group treated by correct massaging techniques showed a 93.6% success rate after an average of 3.8 months of treatment. The success rate of lacrimal probing, applied to patients not showing improvement after massage therapy was 77.8%. Pediatric patients not showing improvement after lacrimal probing underwent silicone tube intubation. All patients showed improvement except in 1 case that had an early silicone tube dislocation. DISCUSSION: A step-by-step approach is effective in treating congenital NLD obstruction patients, and correct lacrimal massage techniques improve the success rate during conservative therapy. The period of conservative treatment and number of probing times did not have a statistically significant correlation with the success rate of lacrimal silicone tube intubation. Silicone tube intubation showed a high success rate in patients sustaining the silicone tube for a minimum of 2.1 months.
Dislocations ; Humans ; Intubation ; Massage ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Silicones

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The cystoscopic manipulation was performed in 82 cases of lower ureteral stones, 7 cases of mid ureteral stones and 4 cases of upper ureteral stones who visited the Department of Urology, during the period of 24 months from January 1st, 1984 to December 31st, 1985. Using Dormia stone basket in 73 cases and ureteral meatomy was performed in 20 cases and the results were as follows: 1. Dormia stone basket was used in 73 cases of ureteral stone. Immediate removal was successful in 24 cases, delayed removal in 37 cases (48 hours delay), so successful removal of stone was in 61 out of 73 cases. Failure in 12 cases, spontaneous delivery of stone was noted in cases 5 about 4-20 days after the application of Dormia stone basket did not pass through the portion of calculi and spontaneous delivery of stone was made in 14 cases after meatotomy. 2. Successful removal of stone was, mostly in proportion to the size of stone. 3. In 4 cases of upper ureteral stone, successful removal after indwelling of Dormia stone basket the position of stone for 48 hours. 4. Post management complications were fever in 12 cases, flank pain and low abdominal pain in 78 cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Calculi ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Ureter* ; Urology

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between the internal diameter of the nasolacrimal duct and the success rate of silicone tube intubation in incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients with epiphora. METHODS: Dacryocystography was performed 80 patients with symptoms of epiphora and the anteroposterior (AP) diameters and the lateral diameters of the nasolacrimal ducts were measured. These measurements were compared between the group of patients who demonstrated improvement after the operation, and the group without symptom improvement. RESULTS: The mean length of the nasolacrimal duct in the group with nasolacrimal stenosis was 11.7+/-0.1 mm, the mean lateral diameter was 1.0+/-0.2 mm, and the mean AP diameter was 1.1+/-0.1 mm. The AP diameter of the symptomatic nasolacrimal duct in the group with successful postoperative results was 1.1+/-0.1 mm, and 0.9+/-0.1 mm in the group with unsuccessful results. The group with successful postoperative results had an average of 18.1+/-7.0% stenosis in the side of the eye with nasolacrimal duct stenosis compared with the asymptomatic side, and the group with unsuccessful postoperative results had an average of 34%+/-3.6% stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with nasolacrimal duct stenosis, the success rate of silicone tube intubation was high when the AP diameter of the nasolacrimal duct was more than 1.1+/-0.1 mm and when the stenosis was less than 18.1+/-7.0% in the symptomatic side compared with the opposite side. These results are expected to help predict the success rates when preoperatively planning silicone tube intubation.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Eye ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Silicones

No abstract available.
Acetazolamide* ; Aneurysm* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Perfusion* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

A clinical observation was made on 48 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, admitted during the period from January 1975 to June 1981 were studied clinically in the Department of Urology, Seoul Adventist Hospital. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was 5.88% of total in-partients (1,227) and there was an increasing tendency of annual distribution from 3 patients (3.89%) in 1975 to 10 patients (11.62%) in June 1981. 2. The youngest age was 50 and the oldest 83. The mean age of 48 cases was 69.65 years and the seventh decade was most prevalent (54.17%). 3. The presenting symptoms of 48 cases, 43 cases (89.6%) were dysuria, 32 cases (66.7%) were acute urinary retention, 5 cases (52.1%) were frequency, 22 cases (45.8%) were hematuria, 17 cases (35.4%) were lower abdominal pain, 6 cases (12.5%) were pyuria, 5 cases (10.4%) were incontinence and 3 cases (6.3%) were nocturia. 4. The mean duration of symptom was 2.28 years. 5. The mean volume of residual urine was 502 ml. 6. Pyuria revealed in 28 cases (58.3%), Hematuria in 39 cases (81.3%), Culture positive in 24 cases (50.0%), Azotemia in 9 cases (18.8%). 7. Performed I.V.P. in all cases, and hydronephrosis was found in 7 cases (14.6%). 8. Performed endoscopy in all cases, and most common finding was trabeculation (81.3%). 9. Associated diseases present were cardiovascular in 5 cases, respiratory in 6 cases, gastrointestinal tract in 7 cases, urologic in 18 cases, and miscellaneous in 7 cases. 10. The mean weight of resected prostatic tissue was 9.75 gm. 11. The mean period of urethral catheter drainage was 6.5 days. 12. The mean period of postoperative gross hematuria was 5.25 days. 13. The mean period of postoperative hospitalization was 7.83 days. 14. Postoperative complications were cystitis in 22 cases (45%), temporary incontinence in 8 cases (16.7%), epididymitis in 3 cases (6.3%), delayed bleeding in 3 cases (6.3%), urethral strictures, vesical hematoma and delayed wound healing in each 2 cases (each 4.2%) and pyrexia in 1 case (2.1%). 15. Retrograde urethrography was performed on postoperatively about 1 month later. The mean length of the prostatic urethra was 5.72 cm preoperative, postoperative length was shortened to 4.77 cm.
Abdominal Pain ; Azotemia ; Cystitis ; Drainage ; Dysuria ; Endoscopy ; Epididymitis ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Male ; Nocturia ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Seoul ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Retention ; Urology ; Wound Healing