The mechanism of vasodilation effect of GS-389, 1-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-6,7 -dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrhydroisoquinoline hydrocholoride, a possible cyclic GMP specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on rat and mouse thoracic aorta ring has been investigated. GS-389 relaxed rat and mouse thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine and high K+(60mM) in concentration dependent manner. Presence or absence of endothelium did not alter the relaxing effects of it. GS-389 inhibited Ca2+-induced contraction of the high K+ or 1 uM phenylephrine. Initial phasic contraction induced by phenylephrine and caffeine in Ca2+ free solution was inhibited by GS-389. Methylene blue pretreatment suppressed relaxation effect of GS-389. Relaxation by isoproterenol or sodium nitroprusside and by acetylcholine in endotheilium preserved aorta was potentiated by concurrentadministration of GS-389. GS-389 inhibited phenylephrine-induced phosphatidylinositide hydrolysis. It is suggested that inhibition of phosphoinositide turnover associated with elevated cyclic nucleotide by GS-389 may be the possible vascular relaxation mechanism of it.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Caffeine ; Cyclic GMP ; Endothelium ; Hydrolysis ; Isoproterenol ; Methylene Blue ; Mice ; Nitroprusside ; Phenylephrine ; Rats ; Relaxation* ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Seizures*

The Jarcho-Levin syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a short neck, short trunk, and a constricted thorax, and is due to multiple vertebral and rib defects. The small size of the thorax frequently leads to respiratory insufficiency and death in neonates or infants. This syndrome also combines with various kinds of anomalies, especially renal anomalies. We report an infant with Jarcho-Levin syndrome combined with fusion of both kidneys who was referred from a local obstetric clinic for cyanosis and respiratory difficulty.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Cyanosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Neck ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Ribs ; Thorax

Choanal atresia is the congenital failure of one or both posterior nasal apertures to communicate with the nasopharynx. Coexisting congenital anomalies are 20% to 50% of patients. Bilateral choanal atresia almost always presents respiratory distress, sucking difficulty and cyanosis relieved by crying in the newborn. Bilateral choanal atresia in newborns and infants carries significant morbidity and mortality, therefore, prompt correction is required. Athelia is the absence of the nipple-areola complex. It is a rare entity that can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital athelia is always associated with amastia and a syndrome. We report a case of choanal atresia associated athelia, in term baby.
Choanal Atresia* ; Crying ; Cyanosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mortality ; Nasopharynx

OBJECTIVE: We aim to statistically analyze the variables affecting FHR using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. It is tried to find which variables significantly affect FHR. Thus, it would help further work of building objective decision basis to analyze variables affecting FHR. METHODS: The samples are chosen from pregnant women who took a NST at Hanyang University Hospital. It consists of 5,314 data which have been collected from 1989 to 1997. For collection of data and values of each variable, our own FHR interpretation softwares, HYFM-I (DOS version, since 1989) and HYFM-II (Windows version, since 1998) were used. Then, the principal component analysis is performed to find significant variable and multiple regression analysis is performed using these variables. RESULTS: The mean baseline FHR is not influenced by a specific factor in abnormal group. The gestational week, loss of signal, variability, and 5 minutes Apgar score are chosen as main effects through principal component analysis. From the results of regression analysis, it is noticed that 5 minutes Apgar score which is one of neonate prognosis after birth causes an increase of estimated FHR score (EFS), whereas the loss of signal causes a decrease of EFS. The variability in normal group is more active increasing factor of EFS than abnormal group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on gestational week, 5 minutes Apgar score is highly related with fetal maturity in both normal and abnormal groups. Also, it is found that different patterns of each variable by groups are due to delay of fetal growth that is caused by disease of a pregnant women. Thus, the further studies to build objective decision basis are need.
Apgar Score ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Multivariate Analysis* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Principal Component Analysis ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: There has been a continued debate regarding the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR). This study examined the possible autonomic effect of horizontal eye movements after being exposed to fearful stimuli. METHODS: Fifty two healthy adult women were randomly allocated to eye movement or eye fixed groups after watching a five minute fear-inducing film clip. ECG was recorded during the resting state, after watching the clip, and the treatment. A spectral power analysis of the heart rate variability was performed. As the variables violated the rule of normal distribution and the number in each group is small the non-parametric test was used. RESULTS: Overall, we did not find the differences between the groups in both time and frequency domains. Some minor differences found were not consistent with results from previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: Effect of eye movement on autonomic nervous system during fear desensitization was not supported in this experiment. Further study with other psychophysiological measures is needed to understand the role of eye movements in treatment of traumatic memory.
Adult ; Autonomic Agents ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electrocardiography ; Eye ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Normal Distribution

OBJECTIVES: We studied the circadian rhythm of nonlinear heart rate dynamics in healthy subjects. BACKGROUND: The frequency of sudden cardiac death increases in the morning. The relationship between decreased complexity of heart rate dynamics and sudden cardiac death has been documented. An understanding of the circadian variation in the complexity of cardiac dynamics may be important and to predict and prevent this sudden cardiac death. METHODS: Dynamic 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings were obtained from 30 healthy ambulant subjects aged 41 to 50 years and the digitized data was partitioned into sections of 30 minutes' duration. For each section, four indexes obtained from separate algorithms of nonlinear dynamics of RR interval - correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, approximate entropy, and fractal dimension - were calculated. Normalized low- (0.04-0.1 hertz) and high-frequency (>0.15 hertz) components were also calculated. RESULTS: All the four indexes of nonlinear dynamics showed a remarkably similar circadian rhythm: a prominent morning dip preceded by a steep decline during the late night, a recovery during the evening and a peak around midnight. In the morning, the low frequency component rose rapidly with concomitant withdrawal of the high frequency component. CONCLUSION: The complexity of cardiac dynamics decreases significantly in the morning, and this may contribute to the ominously increased rate of cardiac death in the morning hours.
Circadian Rhythm* ; Death ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Entropy ; Fractals ; Heart Rate ; Nonlinear Dynamics