The purpose of this study was to provide basic informations for developing family-focused nursing interventions for families with chronic illness. the results of this study were as follows. In family caregiver systems, spouses of chronically ill patients showed higher anxiety scores9t=4.71, P=.000) and higher scores of the perceived importance of family functioning(t=3.67, P=.000) than those of children of chronically ill patients. But spouses showed lower scores of the satisfaction of family functioning (t=2.92, P=.005) than those of children of chronically ill patients. For spouses of chronically ill patients, the correlation between the satisfaction of family functioning and anxiety turned out to be significant9r=-.518, P=.001). However for children the correlation between them was not statistically significant. Findings of this study suggest that families with chronic illness need family-focused nursing interventions to relieve their anxiety and to improve family functioning. In conclusion, the investigation about family functioning and anxiety provides useful information for family-focused nursing care, especially for spouses of chronically ill patients. This information will contribute to developing the support systems for family caregivers and the education programs that helps chronically ill patients.
Anxiety* ; Caregivers* ; Child ; Chronic Disease* ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Spouses

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4. Herein we report a fetal autopsy case of WHS. A male fetus was therapeutically aborted at 17(+0) weeks gestational age, due to complex anomaly and intrauterine growth retardation, which were found in prenatal ultrasonography. His birth weight was 65 g. Mild craniofacial dysmorphism, club feet, bilateral renal hypoplasia, edematous neck, and left diaphragmatic hernia of Bochdalek were found on gross examination. On GTG-banding, the fetus revealed 46,XY,add(4p) karyotype and the mother revealed 46,XX,t(4;18)(p16;q21.1), with normal karyotype of the father. Array comparative genomic hybridization performed on the autopsied lung tissue revealed loss of 4p16.2-->4pter and gain of 18q21.1-->18qter, suggesting 46,XY,der(4)t(4;18)(p16.2;q21.1)mat of fetal karyotype. This suggested deletion of 4p, compatible with WHS inherited from the mal-segregation of a maternal translocation t(4;18)(p16.2;21.1). Therefore, our fetus was both genotypically and phenotypically compatible with WHS.
Arm ; Autopsy ; Birth Weight ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Fathers ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Fetus ; Foot ; Gestational Age ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Lung ; Male ; Mothers ; Neck ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

Despite the continually improving results of total knee arthroplasty, infection remains the most debilitating complication. The treatments of infected total knee arthroplasty were variable, but initially we removed infected implants and inserted antibiotic containing cemented spacer. Postoperatively, patients were mobilized in a 30 knee flexion state and treated with parenteral antibiotics. After control of infection was clinically and radiologically determined, we inserted PCL substitute total knee prosthesis. Five days postoperatively, patient began touch down standing exercise. We observed two cases in whom infected total knee arthroplasty had been salvaged successfully with two-stage implantation using cement spacers containing antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Arthroplasty* ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Knee* ; Replantation*

PURPOSE: To evaluate physical characteristics, lifestyle related to bone-health, and bone mineral density (BMD) in mothers and their daughters and to determine the predictors of BMD. METHOD: BMDs at the forearm, lumbar spine, and femur were measured in 101 healthy, mother-daughter pairs by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Mother-daughter differences between general characteristics, means for BMDs were assessed by chi2-test, t-tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of BMD in each group. RESULTS: Mothers had significantly higher BMD than their daughters at forearm, lumbar spine, and femur. The predictors of mothers' BMDs were body weight, body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat, explaining 5.1~31.6% of the variation in BMDs. BMI, percentage body fat and their mother's BMD of the corresponding site bone were predictors in daughters, explaining 17.5~31.6% of the variations in BMDs. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the importance of weight on bone that the BMDs seems to be related to fat free mass both in young-adult daughters and in middle aged mothers. These also suggest the importance of intervention for the development of BMD in daughter of mother with low BMD.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Femur ; Forearm ; Humans ; Life Style ; Middle Aged ; Mothers* ; Nuclear Family* ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: Our purpose in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries for the control of hemoptysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with massive or recurrent hemoptysis underwent percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy between 1991 and 1993. Retrospectively we reviewed 77 cases of bronchial artery embotization and 32 cases of nonbronchial systemic artery embolization in the 70 patients. RESULTS: Immdiate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 33 of 39 patients with massive hemoptysis(84.6%) and 20 of 24 patients with recurrent hemopt ysis(83.3%). In 32 cases, nonbronchial systemic arteries contributed significantly to areas of pathologic pulmonary tissue and frequently were the major arterial supply. CONCLUSION: Bronchial artery embolization is an effective and life saving procedure in non-surgical candidates. Recognition and occlusion of nonbronchial systemic arteries that feed to hypervascular pulmonary lesions is essential for successful percutaneous embolotherapy of hemoptysis.
Arteries ; Bronchial Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Liquid tissue adheisve, Histoacryl (n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) has been used for the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. The techniques are as follows: 0.5cc Histoacryl mixed with Lipiodol per each injection are used. 3 to 4 injections are usually required for large variceal convolutes under the fluoroscopic visualization after the injection of Histoacryl. Complications of sclerotherapy with Histoacryl are bleeding, perforation, stenosis and embolism depending on the concentration and amount used, as well as the intensity of the treatment. Here we describe a case report developing portal and splenic vein thrombosis as a side effect after Histoacryl injection therapy for the treatment of gastric varix bleeding, A 59-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis was admitted due to acute gastric varix bleeding. The control of gastrie variceal bleeding was achieved by several injections of 0.7c mixture of 0.5cc histoacryl and 0,8cc Lipiodol. However, simple X-ray and ultrasonography revealed the elements of Histoacryl-lipiodol mixture in the portal and splenic vein.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Embolism ; Enbucrilate* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sclerotherapy ; Splenic Vein* ; Thrombosis* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Astrocytes* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Astrocytes* ; Humans*

PURPOSE: To investigate body compositons and bone mineral density(BMD) in college women and to find the relationship between them. METHOD: From January to March of 2001, BMD at four parts(forearm, lumbar, femur and whole body), body mass index(BMI), body fat mass(BFM), lean body mass(LBM) and body fat percentage(%Fat) were measured with the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Other physical characteristics were measured with a scale, a height measurer, and questionnaires. RESULT: Grouping by the BMI, 43.2% showed low weight, and 5% over weight. When applying the percent Fat, 43.8 % was diagnosed as obesity group. The fact indicate that a majority of college women have unbalanced body composition with high percent Fat, compared to their body weight. Assessing the BMD with the WHO standards, 91.4-95.7% of the BMD of forearm and whole body was normal. But, 40.3% and 33.1-43.9% showed osteopenia at lumbar and femur, and 1.4 %, 0.7-7.2% showed osteoporosis. The BMD at all parts showed significant correlation each other(r=.29-.89, p=.001-.000). Body weight and BMI showed correlations to with BMDs at all parts of the body(r=.19-.46, p=.025-.000; r=.18-.45, p=.039-.000). But the percent Fat had a correlation with only femur neck BMD(r=.19, p=.024). CONCLUSION: This study showed a majority of healthy college women were exposed to the risk for osteoporosis. Additional study is required to develop nursing interventions to remove the risk factors of osteoporosis. In particular, the acquisition of balanced body composition is necessary, increasing body weight and BMI through the increase of LBM, not through the quantitative increase of BFM.

The incidence of diphtheria is markedly decreased in the developed countries. But in Korea, since 1970, there has been an increased incidene of diphtheria and some clinical modifications of the classical picture were seen, such as less incidence of preudomembrane, milder constitutional symptoms and fewer positive culture of C. diphtheriae. With this in mind we reviewed the 40 cases of diphtheria, who were admitted to Ped. Dept. of PMMC during the period of past 5 years period(Feb. 1972-Dec. 1976). Thus this study is based on the clinical manifestations, the findings of routine lab. And EKG, localization of diphtheric lesions, relationship between the first visit to hospital and death rate, and the various complications of the disease esp. toxic myocarditis. The results of this study are as follow: 1. Number of patients had been increased since 1974. The 70% of diphtheric cases was developed in Winter season. 2. The age incidence was highest in the 4~8 years range and 14 cases (35%) were before 6 years of age. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. Primary DPT vaccination had been done in only 1 case. 3. The average time coming to the hospital was 5.4 days of illness. Patients with laryngeal type visited hospital earlier than patients with pharyngeal type. 4. The site of localization of diphtheria was larynx (42.5%), pharynx (37.5%), and pharyngolarynx (20%). 5. The chief clinical findings on admission was dyspnea (70%), fever (67.5%) and pseudomembrane (30%). There were marked difference in clinical manifestations with the site of localization of the disease. 6. Leucocytosis was found in almost every case. Culture studies for Corynebacterium diphtheriae were positive in 72.5% of cases. 7. The order of EKG abnormalities were S-T segment and T-wavechanges, complete A-V block, A-V dissociation, P-R interval prolongation, and right bundle branch block. 8. Complications of the disease were as follows : Bull neck (20%), myocarditis (30%), peumonia (27.5%), and proteinuria (42.5%). 9. Mortality rate was 15% of the total, 20% in pharyngeal type, 25% in pharyngolaryngeal type and 7% in laryngeal type. The cause of death was myocarditis in 5 case and pneumonia in 1 case. The mortality rate of myocarditis was 42% ( 5/12).
Bundle-Branch Block ; Cause of Death ; Corynebacterium diphtheriae ; Developed Countries ; Diphtheria* ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fever ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Larynx ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocarditis ; Neck ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia ; Proteinuria ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Vaccination