PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of weight-bearing exercise(WBE) on bone metabolism. METHOD: WBE was performed for 12 weeks by healthy college women. Bone-related parameters were measured four times during this period by evaluating the immunoradiometric assay and enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral densities(BMDs) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after the WBE program. Data was analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, x2-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULT: Osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, increased more in the experimental group than in the control group based on the interaction between time and group(F=3.29 p=.024). Little difference between the two groups was found for the other parameters: urinary deoxypyridinoline, insulin-like growth factorI, parathormone, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus without showing any time interaction between the groups. The femoral trochanter BMD rose in the experimental group while that of the control group fell, showing a significant difference for BMD(t=3.06 p=.005). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for changes in BMD of the forearm, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral ward's triangle. CONCLUSION: These findings supported the WBE is beneficial for increasing bone formation in college women and long-term application is needed to substantiate the effects of WBE as a intervention in promotion of bone-health.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; *Bone Density ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Osteocalcin/blood

Palpation of an abdominal mass in an infant or child presents a challenging problem in diagnosis and treatment. We reviewed the data on 166 patients under age 15 years who admitted to Ped. Dept. of PMC due to palpable abdominal mass in Jan. 1972-July 1977. The results are as follows 1. Of the 57 surgical cases, pathologically confirmed abdominal tumors were 39 cases. Of the 20 retroperitoneal tumors, Wilms tumors were 13 cases, neuroblastomas were 3 cases, polycystic kidney was 1 case, and retroperitoneal teratoma was 1 case. Of the 19 intraperitonel tumors, hepatomas were 3 cases, hepatoblastoma was 1 case, choledocal cysts were 3 cases, mesenteric and omental cysts were 4 cases, malignant lymphomas were 4 cases and ovarian cysts were 3 cases. Other surgical diseases were 2 cases of ascariasis and 2 cases of bezoar. 2. Medical cases were as follows : 35 cases of leukemia, 15 cases of infectious hepatitis, 14 cases of congenital syphilis 7 cases of liver cirrhosis 7 cases of lirerabscesses, 4 cases of miliary Tbc., 3 cases of congenital spherocytosis, 1 case of cryptococosis, I case of osteopetrosis and 1 case of erythroblastosis fetalis. 3. In age distribution, almost all cases(94%) of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma were under age of 4 and half of medical cases in infancy were congenital syphilis. 4. Of the pathologically confirmed 39 abdominal tumors, 20 cases were retroperitoneal tumor and 19 cases were intraperitoneal tumor. Of the 20 retroperitonel tumor cases, 16 cases were renal origin, 3 cases were adrenal origin, and 1 case was teratoma. Of the 19 intraperitoneal tum orcases, 8 cases were hepatobiliary origin, 3 cases were ovary origin, 4 cases were omental and mesenteric origin and 4 cases were lymphatics origin. 5. Of the 39 abdominal tumor cases, 34 cases (87%) visited the hospital with the chief complaint of palpable abdominal mass. But, of the 94 medical cases, only 16 cases(17%) visited the hospital with the chief complaint of palpable abdominal mass. 6. In some cases presumptive diagnosis on the base of history taking, physical examination, chest X-ray, simple abdominal X-ray. Peripheral blood findings on admission were uncorrect. In 1 case of Wilms tumor, we suspected liver abscess on admission. In 1/3 case of intraperitoneal tumors, we suspected retroperitoneal tumor on admission. We suspected lymphoma on admission in 1 case of ascariasis and 1 case of bezoar. We misdiagnoed 1 case of miliary Tbc. As hepatoma, 1 case of liver cirrhosis as retroperitoneal tumor and 1 case of congenital syphilis as retroperitoneal tumor on admission. 7. In the treatment of malignant abdominal tumor, we tried all possible measures such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. But prognosis of all malignant abdominal tumors were very poor. Only 1 case of Wilms tumor and 1 case of hepatoblastoma were survived at the time of review.
Age Distribution ; Ascariasis ; Bezoars ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Lymphoma ; Neuroblastoma ; Osteopetrosis ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Palpation ; Physical Examination ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Prognosis ; Syphilis, Congenital ; Teratoma ; Thorax ; Wilms Tumor

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Emphysema* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Meningitis, Bacterial*

The incidence of diphtheria is markedly decreased in the developed countries. But in Korea, since 1970, there has been an increased incidene of diphtheria and some clinical modifications of the classical picture were seen, such as less incidence of preudomembrane, milder constitutional symptoms and fewer positive culture of C. diphtheriae. With this in mind we reviewed the 40 cases of diphtheria, who were admitted to Ped. Dept. of PMMC during the period of past 5 years period(Feb. 1972-Dec. 1976). Thus this study is based on the clinical manifestations, the findings of routine lab. And EKG, localization of diphtheric lesions, relationship between the first visit to hospital and death rate, and the various complications of the disease esp. toxic myocarditis. The results of this study are as follow: 1. Number of patients had been increased since 1974. The 70% of diphtheric cases was developed in Winter season. 2. The age incidence was highest in the 4~8 years range and 14 cases (35%) were before 6 years of age. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. Primary DPT vaccination had been done in only 1 case. 3. The average time coming to the hospital was 5.4 days of illness. Patients with laryngeal type visited hospital earlier than patients with pharyngeal type. 4. The site of localization of diphtheria was larynx (42.5%), pharynx (37.5%), and pharyngolarynx (20%). 5. The chief clinical findings on admission was dyspnea (70%), fever (67.5%) and pseudomembrane (30%). There were marked difference in clinical manifestations with the site of localization of the disease. 6. Leucocytosis was found in almost every case. Culture studies for Corynebacterium diphtheriae were positive in 72.5% of cases. 7. The order of EKG abnormalities were S-T segment and T-wavechanges, complete A-V block, A-V dissociation, P-R interval prolongation, and right bundle branch block. 8. Complications of the disease were as follows : Bull neck (20%), myocarditis (30%), peumonia (27.5%), and proteinuria (42.5%). 9. Mortality rate was 15% of the total, 20% in pharyngeal type, 25% in pharyngolaryngeal type and 7% in laryngeal type. The cause of death was myocarditis in 5 case and pneumonia in 1 case. The mortality rate of myocarditis was 42% ( 5/12).
Bundle-Branch Block ; Cause of Death ; Corynebacterium diphtheriae ; Developed Countries ; Diphtheria* ; Dyspnea ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fever ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Larynx ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocarditis ; Neck ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia ; Proteinuria ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Vaccination

Recently apoptotic cell death has been reported in differentiated skeletal muscle, where apoptosis was generally assumed not to occur. To investigate whether apoptosis may contribute to the steroid-induced myopathy, rats treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for 9 days were sacrificed for detecting apoptosis by in situ end labeling (ISEL) and electron microscopy in the soleus muscles. Immunohistochemical stainings of Fas antigen and p53 protein were performed to examine whether apoptosis-related proteins were present in the myopathy. Muscle fiber necrosis and apoptotic myonuclei appeared in the soleus muscles following administration of TA, while control muscles showed no evidences for apoptosis. Fas antigen was not detected in control muscles, but expressed in the soleus muscles of steroid-induced myopathy. Some of the Fas antigen-expressing muscle fibers were positive for ISEL. p53 protein was not detected in any muscle fibers. These findings indicate that TA can induce apoptosis in differentiated skeletal muscles, and Fas antigen might be partly related to apoptotic muscle death in steroid-induced myopathy.
Animal ; Antigens, CD95/analysis ; *Apoptosis ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscle, Skeletal/*pathology/ultrastructure ; Muscular Diseases/chemically induced/*pathology ; Protein p53/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*toxicity

Foraminal disc herniation is considered to be a part of extreme lateral disc herniations which have relatively frequent occurrence of about 10% of all lumbar disc herniations. It presents a different clinical feature from that of usual intraspinal disc herniation, in that the prolapsed foraminal disc material compresses the nerve root at the level of disc herniation. Previously many operative procedures for foraminal disc herniations have been introduced with the aids of various diagnostic methods. Intervertebral foraminotomy and total facetectomy are still the most widely used options in treating extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation. But these techniques could result in an unfortunate structural disruption and frequently cause spinal instability and continued postoperative back pain. Recently unilateral partial hemilaminectomy and resection of spinous process followed by discectomy were performed in our hospital. For this procedure, paraspinal muscles were elevated subperiosteally and retracted bilaterally exposing the spinous process and laminae on both sides. After the unilateral partial hemilaminectomy and resection of spinous process preserving articular facet joint, then obliquely downward looking through intervertebral foramen allowed direct visualization of prolapsed foraminal disc and compressed nerve root. Thereafter prolapsed foraminal disc could be successfully removed under direct vision with the preservation of spinal stability. When extraformainal disc coexisted, intertransverse approach was additionally performed.
Back Pain ; Diskectomy ; Foraminotomy ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Zygapophyseal Joint

The aim of this study was to evaluate neurotoxicity of Nitric oxide(NO) on cornea after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK). PRK was performed on rabbit eyes. According to the time table, tear samples were collected with microcapillary tubes and corneal sensitivity was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. No generation in the tear fluid was analyzed. To demonstrate NO Synthase(NOS), immunohistochemical localization was performed on frozen sections from rat eyeball tissue. Western blot analysis was used for detection of peroxynitrite, powerful oxidant of NO. NO generation was increased and reached to a maximum value(0.69+/-0.22micrometer/microgram) after 96 hours of PRK, as compared with in normal subjects(Mean: 0.30+/-0.08micrometer/microgram) and was not increased in the treated group with topical application of Ng-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), a competitive inhibitor of constitutive NOS(cNOS) and inducible NOS(iNOS). Corneal sensitivity decreased below pretreatment levers after three postoperative days, but it was not observed in the L-NAME applied group. We have confirmed that a very strong iNOS and BNOS immunoreactivity was present in corneal keratocytes. Western blot analysis identifed the bands of nitrotyro-sine-proteins suggesting in vivo peroxynitrite toxicity. Our results suggested that NO generated from the enzyme after PRK decreased corneal sensitivity by damaging corneal sensory nerve through the NO and iths oxidant peroxitrite. Therefore topical application of a NOS inhibitor may be effective in maintaining corneal sensitivity.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cornea ; Corneal Keratocytes ; Frozen Sections ; Lasers, Excimer* ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroarginine ; Peroxynitrous Acid ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Rats

Glucocorticoids are usually given according to a standard dosing protocol regardless of individual difference. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of methylprednisolone and the degree of interpatient variation in stable Korean renal transplant recipients during the period of 15-21 days after transplantation. This study included 23 renal transplant recipients, 13 males and 10 females, who received kidneys from living donors with stable graft function and without episode of acute rejection. On the study day at 8 A.M., 16.3mg of ethylprednisolone sodium succinate (i.v.) was administered to each patient instead of usual dose (20mg) of prednisolone (p.o.) after sampling of 7cc of baseline blood and additional blood samples were drawn after starting infusion. Plasma was separated and analyzed for methylprednisolone level using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, and parameters for pharmacokinetics were calculated. There was significant interpatient variation in the pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in our patients group. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between patients with and without side effects of steroid. Korean renal transplant recipients had higher volume of distribution than black renal transplant recipients; lower clearance than white renal transplant recipients; longer t1/2 than both black and white renal transplant recipients. Even if the number of patients included in this study was too small to reach conclusion, the differences in the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids do not seem to be a significant risk factor for side effects of steroid after transplantation. It may be necessary to individualize the dose of a glucocorticoid to achieve an optimal effect and also we need to establish a new steroid regimen protocol for Korean renal transplant recipients.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Individuality ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Male ; Methylprednisolone* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Prednisolone ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Succinic Acid ; Transplantation* ; Transplants