This study was performed to investigate the sequential changes of the retinal tissue in tissue culture condition. The human sensory retinal tissues were cultured for up to 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The initial changes showed the separation of the intercellular space and the consequent widening of the intercellular space with prolapse of cytoplasmic processes into the widened intercellular space. The internal limiting membrane was also separated from the inner retina, which led to the prolapse of the cytoplasm of the Muller cell. The growth of the Muller cell was most prominent during the 4-weeks' tissue culture period. These findings suggest that the Muller cell might contribute to the formation of cellular membrane in case of the defect of the internal limiting membrane in several pathologic conditions.
Adult ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroglia/*ultrastructure ; Retina/*ultrastructure

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of allergic disease among elementary school students in rural and urban areas. METHODS: In this study, 1,513 elementary students (1,163 in urban areas, 350 in rural areas) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage of allergic symptoms and chi2 test was used to identify differences in the prevalence of allergic symptoms between urban and rural area students. The SAS program was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the prevalence of allergic disease according to whether there was a family member with a prior history of allergy symptoms. 48.7% of surveyed students (49.4% in urban, 46.3% in rural) had allergic symptoms. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequent allergic symptom in both urban and rural students. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a need to prevent and manage allergies among elementary students. The family history should be considered an important factor when a program for allergy prevention and management is developed. Interventions are needed in both areas, especially for students with allergic rhinitis.
Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Phenothiazines ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Child Health

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a accurate and safe method confirming the intraabdominal injury with head trauma, unstable multiple injuried patients. But the development of imaging technique and the trend in noninvasive diagnostic value is decreasing now. In the emergency room, the emergency physicians are required the rapidity and accuracy' in intial assessment and the decisions for the operation or not. So emergency physicians have been investigating the diagnostic method for intraabdomial injury that is more rapid, safe and accurate. Many diagnostic tools are developed and now accepted and used widely, among them the diagnostic peritoneal lavage is still the best method for unsatble or head injuries patients. But the positive diagnostic criterias are variable by many authors and still remain imperfectly. So our study was reviewed by medical record of patients who were undertaken the diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis intraabdominal injury and statistical analyasis was done compared with many criteria of red blood cell and white blood cell for the more actuate way. A retrospective study of diagnostic peritoneal lavage was done of 90 patients with blunt abdominal trauma during 2 years from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and summerized our experience. The results were as follows; 1) There are 73 males and 17 females in sex. The most common type of injury was the traffic accident. 2) With many variable criteria of RBC and WBC, the accuracy and the false positive and false negative were not different in statistical results. The average accuracy was 80.1%. 3) The operations were done in 30(33.3%) cases, and the most frequent injuried organ was the small bowel, 20 cases(66.7%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Peritoneal Lavage* ; Retrospective Studies

The majority of cystic lesions of the pancreas are psudocysts and a small fraction neoplastic. Failure to recognize the true nature of neoplastic cyst will lead to an incorrct treatment strategy. Ultrasonography, computerized tomography and angiography were used to distingish these lesions, but diagnostic value of ERCP is in controversy. To evaluate the diagnostic value of ERCP in cystic lesions of the pancreas, we analysed 33 cases of pancreatic cystic lesions (pseudocyst 18 cases, retention cyst 3 cases and cystic, neoplasm l2 cases) between Apr. 1985 and June 1993. In 18 cases of pseudocysts, ERP findings were communication with cyst in 8 cases (44.4%), chronic pancreatitis in 8 cases (44.4%), obstruction in 4 cases (22.2%) and displscement of pancreatic duct in 2 cases (11.1%), and ERC findings, which were perfomed in 8 cases, showed cholangitis in 3 cases (37.5%), CBD stone in 2 cases (25%), mass effect in 1 case (12.5%) and normal in 2 cases (25%). There was no communication with the cyst and pancreatic duct, except two mucinous ductal ectasia, in 12 cases of cystic neoplasms, and the other findings were displacement of pancreatic duct in 4 cases (33.3%), obstruction in 2 cases (16.7%) and normal in 4 cases (33.3%). ERC findings of cystic neoplasm were almost normal (85.7%) except 1 case of cholangitis. In conclusion, ERCP findings of pseudocysts were communication with pancreatic duct, chronic pancreatitis and biliary tract abnormality. In contrast, ERCP findings of cystic neoplasms were displacement or obstruction of pancreatic duct without communication and chronic pancreatitis, and biliary tract abnormality were rare.
Angiography ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Cholangitis ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Mucins ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Cyst* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Ultrasonography

The cellular membrane on the surface of the intraocular lens implants can decrease the visual acuity transiently or permanently. The cellular membrane that encapsulated the artificial lens was investigated cytologically by the implant cytology technique. In order to elucidate the morphological differences between the Choyce Mark IX anterior chamber lens removed from the eye with uveitis and implant under the normal iris tissue culture conditions, this study was performed by tissue culture and implant cytology technique. The fibroblast-like cells, foreign body giant cells and cellular membranes were seen on the surface of intraocular lens implants removed from human eye and tissue culture conditions.
Anterior Chamber ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Iris* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Membranes* ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

Atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis(MS) may be cause of error in calculation of mitral valve area(MVA) by Doppler derived pressure half-time(PHT) method. This is due to changes of peak velocity and diastolic slope in mitral inflow Doppler spectrum in cases of assoociated with atrial fibrillation. However, few data exist regarding the effect of atrial fibrillation on the validity of this method. Two hundreds and three patients with mitral stenosis were studied by Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) to assess whether atrial fibrillation affected the calcullation of MVA. Total patients was divided into four groups according to the accompanied mitral or aortic regurgitation. Ninety patients had mitral stenosis only(group 1), 45 patients had mitral stenosis only(group 2), 54 patients were combined with aortic regurgitation(group 3) and 14 patients were combined with both mitral and aortic regurgitation(group 4). And then, each group was divided into sinus rhythm subgroup and atrial fibrillation subgroup respectively. In total patients, Doppler echocardiographic indices(pressure half-time, mean pressure gradient, peak pressure gradient and peak velocity) were correlated significantly with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients, with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 1 patients, Doppler echocardiographic indices were significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 2 patients, these Doppler derived indices were significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinuns rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 3 patients, only pressure half-time was significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P>0.005). In group 4 patients, pressure half-time was significantly correlated in patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). Therefore, Doppler echocardiography can estimates mitral valve area in patients with mitral stenosis associated with mitral and aortic regurgitation regardless of presence of the atrial fibrillation.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis*

Mitral pressure half-time(PHT) is widely used as an independent measure of mitral valve area(MVA) in patients with mitral stenosis. However, few data exist regarding the effect of mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation on the validity of this method. Two hundreds and three patients with mitral stenosis were studied by Doppler echocardiography and 2 dimensional echocardiography(2 DE) to assess whether mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation affected the calculation. Ninety patients had mitral stenosis only, 45 patients were combined with mitral regurgtation, 54 patients were combined with aortic regurgitation and 14 patients were combined with both mitral and aortic regurgitation group. Doppler PHT and 2DE estimates of MVA correlated well in total patients(r=0.903) and mitral stenosis only group(r=0.924). Good correlations were maintained in patient subgroups combined with mitral or aortic regurgitation(r=0.867 and 0.911, respectively) and both mitral and aortic regurgitation(r=0.843). Thus, measurement by Doppler PHT may reflect accurately the MVA as determined by 2DE regardless of presence of mitral and/or aortic regurgitation.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis*

Many authors have been reported that the abdominal trauma, especially injury of the liver and spleen, is frequently found with lower rib fractures, below the ninth rib fractures and the incidence was about 20 to 30%. In cases of rib fractures, Intra- abdominal organs may be injured in the higher rib fractures than the ninth because the diaphragm is elevated at the level of filth intercostal space in expiration period and the intra-abdominal lesions are often delayed evaluated due to the pain of the fractures and masked by the other injuries of the head and the extremities. So above reasons, we were often questioned what the level of rib fracture we must evaluate the intra-abdominal injury was? So we investigated 452 patients with rib fractures who visited our emergency medical center from 1995, January to 1996, December and divided into two groups according to the prescience of intra-abdominal organ injuries by each the level of rib fractures. The number of patients with intra-abdominal organ injuries were 75(16.6%) and the most frequently damaged organ was the liver(25 cases, 33.3%). We calculated the statistical values of each level of rib fractures by the Chi-Square method and got a result that the level of rib fracture we must evaluate the intra-abdominal injuries was the sixth rib fracture. Therefore, if we will meet the patients with rib fracture below the sixth, we must have attentions to the intra-abdominal injuries and evaluate the abdomen closely with various diagnostic methods.
Abdomen ; Attention ; Diaphragm ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Masks ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Spleen

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a health education program to improve knowledge about environmental health and allergy symptoms among elementary school students. METHODS: This study has nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants of this study were 60 elementary students (30 experimental and 30 control) who agreed to participate in the study. The education program consisted of information on environmental health and allergies, the atmosphere, indoor environments, food and allergies, and activities with parents. The program was carried out one time (50 minutes) per week during 6 weeks. Knowledge and symptoms of allergies were recorded before and after the program among both groups. The collected data were analyzed by ANCOVA and t-test using SAS program. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in knowledge about allergies in the experimental group compared to the control group, but allergic symptoms were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that environmental health education programs are effective in the area of school health nursing for increasing knowledge about environmental health and allergies. Further research is needed to develop programs for reducing allergic symptoms as an environment health problem among children.
Atmosphere ; Child ; Environmental Health ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Education ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Parents ; Phenothiazines ; School Health Services