A total of 73 enucleated eyeballs is reviewed and analyzed clinicopthologically. These eyeballs were selected among the enucleated spceimens that had been removed at the Yeungnam University Hospital during a period of 10 years beginning from 1983 to 1992. Following results were obtained. 1) When the eyeballs were classified according to me direct cause of removal, the neoplasm was the most common single cause accounting for 26 cases(35.6%) out of 73 cases, followed by phthisis bulbi l6 cases(21.9%), trauma 10 cases(13.7%), glaucoma 8 cases(10.9%), inflammation 5 cases(6.8%), staphyloma 4 cases(5.5%), retinal detachment 1 cases(1.4%), Coat's disease 1 cases(1.4%), corneal disease 1 cases(1.4%) and choroidal hemorrhage 1 cases(1.4%). 2) 39 cases(53.4%) were male and 34(46.6%) were female. 23 cases(31.5%) were below 10 years of age, which was the highest rate. 3) The neoplastic lesion included retinoblastoma 20 cases(76.9%) in 26 neoplasms, malignant melanoma 4 cases(15.3%), hemagioblastoma of optic disc 1 cases(3.9%), adenocarcinoma of Meibomian gland 1 cases(3.9%). 4) Retinoblastoma was the commonest intraocular tumor accounting for 20 out of 26 cases, In growth pattern, 80.0% of the tumor grew endophtytically. True rosette were seen 60% of the retinoblastoma.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: The importance of trace elements in their effect on the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system is well recognized. Changes in the concentrations of these elements in the brain could take place in pathological states. Recently, a greater emphasis has been given to the role of trace elements in the function of the nervous system both in normal and pathological conditions. The past experiments from animal demonstrate that Na+-K+-ATPase inhibition, particularly in the hippocampus, is involved in epileptogenicity. Zinc is the most potent inhibitor of Na+-K+-ATPase followed closely by copper. Zinc modulates the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of -aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. There are few reports of zinc and copper concentrations in normal CSF and in CSF from patients with neurological diseases. The aim of this study was designed to determine the zinc and copper concentrations and their correlation with protein in CSF of pediatric patients with neurologic disorders. METHODS: The study population was 43 patients who had admitted to Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University from March to June, 1996 due to high fever, headache, vomiting, and seizure. All patients were examined CSF study, 32 patients (group I) were showed abnormal CSF and seizure disorders including febrile convulsion and 11 patients (group II) were showed normal CSF and clinical symptoms of febrile illness. Zinc and copper concentrations in CSF were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, CSF zinc and copper concentrations in normal CSF proteingroup (group A) and in increased CSF protein group (group B) were determined to investigate probability that the damaged blood-brain-barrier permits the passage of zinc and copper into the subarachnoid space. RESULTS: 1) The CSF zinc concentrations in group I and II were 9.40+/-6.18 and 7.39+/-5.48microgram/dl, and the CSF copper concentrations in group I and II were 4.86+/-7.07 and 2.93+/-1.45microgram/dl, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF zinc and copper concentrations between the two groups. 2) The CSF zinc concentrations in group A and B were 7.21+/-4.96 and 11.24+/-7.32microgram/ dl, and the copper concentrations in group A and B were 3.31+/-2.15 and 5.59+/-9.46microgram/dl, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF zinc and copper concentrations between the two groups. 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the CSF zinc and copper concentrations as well as between the CSF zinc and protein concentrations. But there was no significant correlation between the CSF copper and protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statiscally significant defference in the CSF zinc and copper concentrations between neurologic disorders and febrile diseases. Increased CSF zinc and copper concentrations in increased CSF protein groups were not found. But there were some correlation between zinc, copper, protein levels in CSF. These results do not support assumption that damaged BBB permits the passage of the zinc, copper into the subarachnoid space.
Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Child* ; Copper* ; Epilepsy ; Fever ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; Headache ; Heart ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Nervous System ; Nervous System Diseases* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pathology ; Physiology ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Subarachnoid Space ; Trace Elements ; Vomiting ; Zinc*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the arterial phase of dynamic spiral CT in the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with the late phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two phase spiral CT images of seventeen patients with pathologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were compared retrospectively. CT scans were performed with 5mm collimation at 1:1 pitch table speed. Images of arterial and late phases were obtained at 35 seconds and 180 seconds after initiation of administration of 100mL of contrast material(3mL/sec), respectively. Images of the arterial phase were compared with those of the late phase. RESULTS: Images of the arterial phase showed sufficient contrast between the tumor and adjacent pancreatic parenchyma in 12 cases, insufficient in four cases, and no significant contrast in one case. Images of the late phase showed sufficient contrast in five cases, insufficient in five cases, and no significant contrast in seven cases. Images of the arterial phase was superior to that of the late phase in 12 patients(70.6%). In six of the 12 patients, only the images of the arterial phase showed contrast between the tumor and the adjacent parenchyma. The images of late phase showed only one case of three metastasis detected on the images of the arterial phase. CONCLUSION: The arterial phase of spiral CT is superior to the late phase that is comparable with conventional CT in the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The effect of dexamethasone of the maturation of the fetal lungs of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied morphologically and biochemically. By light and electron microscopy there was little difference in fetal pulmonary maturation between the untreated control group and the untreated diabetic group, but when both groups were treated with dexamethasone the fetuses showed accelerated pulmonary maturation, approximately one day earlier with an increase of air spaces per unit area and an earlier appearance of type II pneumocytes. The number of osmiophilic inclusion bodies per alveolus and per type II pneumocyte, and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid increased markedly and they were statistically significant in both groups injected with dexamethasone, but were decreased in the untreated diabetic group, though only the L/S ratio of the animals of the 19th day gestation was statistically significant. Phosphatidylglycerol was present in the amniotic fluid of the groups injected with dexamethasone one day earlier than the untreated control and the untreated diabetic groups. However, the intensity of phosphatidylglycerol tended to be lower in the untreated diabetic group. It is concluded that the prenatal administration of dexamethasone to the diabetic pregnant rats will accelerate fetal pulmonary maturation morphologically and promote the synthesis of surfactant biochemically.
Animal ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Weight ; Comparative Study ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental* ; Female ; Fetal Organ Maturity/drug effects ; Fetus/cytology ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/embryology* ; Lung/pathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy in Diabetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

To increase the success rate of intraocular pressure control in recalcitrant glaucoma, anterior chamber tube shunt to a surgical membrane (ACTSSM) surgery using silicone tube and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) can be performed. Applying mitomycin C (MMC) during ACTSSM surgery may increase the success rate by decreasing the fibroblast proliferation and collagen in the fibrous capsule. To evaluate the effects of MMC on the fibrous capsule formed after ACTSSM surgery, operations were performed on 18 white rabbits. Nine rabbits were treated with 0.04% MMC solution on the episclera for 5 minutes before ACTSSM (group A) and the others were not treated (group B). At postoperative 2, 4 and 8 weeks successively, 6 eyes of the 3 rabbits were enucleated from each group. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/pathology/*surgery ; Glaucoma/*surgery ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Mitomycin/*therapeutic use ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Silicone Elastomers

A case of nonfunctioning pancreatic islet cell tumor is described. A 34 years old female patient had intermittent epigastric pain and nausea for 6 months and she had nothing suggestive of neuroendocrine symtoms. Physcial examination showed an epigastric mass which wae deepseated, nontender, and well-demarcated. The routine upper endoscopic evatuation was negative. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a well-defined round solid mass with multifocal necrosis but did not revealed the origin of the lesion. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed upward and rightward displacement of the proximal body portion of main pancreatic duct with nonvisualization of the secondary branches of pancreatic duct, suggesting that the mass originated from the pancreas. Resection of the mass with partial pancreatectomy and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy was perfomed and the pathology was coafirmed as nonfunctioning pancreatic islet cell tumor containing somatostatin by immunohistochemical technique.
Adenoma, Islet Cell ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Islets of Langerhans* ; Nausea ; Necrosis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Pathology ; Somatostatin ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of ovat hyperthyroidism ar hypothyroidism has been estimated up to 5% in the general populatian. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism have pevalences of approximately 1% and 6%, ectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism may be associated with excessive intake of iodine in iodine sufficient areas. Therefore, we assumed the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Karea might be different from those af Western cauntries. However, thete have been no surveys to examine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Karea. We performed the study to investigate the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in Korean adults. METHODS: This study was performed in 15019 subjects (8275 men, 6744 women; between 17 and 87 years of age) visited in health promotion center of Samsung Medical Center for 12 months in 1996. Serum T3, T4, and TSH concentrations were measured with RIA or IRMA using commercial kits. History of thyroid dysfunction and current medication were obtained from medical records. The criteria for thyrotoxicosis were TSH level below than 0.30 mU/L and increased T3 or T4 levels (T3 > 3.1 nmol/L or T4 > 152 nmol/L). Patients who had TSH level above than 5.0 mU/L and T4 level below than 77 nmol/L met the criteria for hypothyroidism. RESULTS: The prevalence of thyrotoxicosis was 5.5/1000 population (men 3.6/1000, women 7.7/1000) with peak prevalence in fifth decade. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed thyrotoxicosis was 4.0/1000 (men 2.9/1000, women 5.3/1000). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 2.8/1000 population (men 1.1/1000, women 4.9/1000) with peak prevalence in seventh decade. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism was 1.6/1000 (men 0.6/1000, women 2.S/1000). The prevalence of subclinical thyrotoxicosis was 12.4/1000 population (men 11.8/1000, women 13.0/1000). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 18.2/1000 population (men 11.2/1000, women 26.7/1000) which frequency was increased with age. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism was not significantly different from those of other countries, it was lower than expected and female preponderance is not significant. The prevalence of subclinical thyrotoxicosis and subclinical hypothyroidism was lower than those of other countries. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in women and old ages. (J Kor Soc Endecrinol 14:301~313, 1999)
Adult ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism* ; Iodine ; Male ; Medical Records ; Prevalence* ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis*

The genetically determined ability to metabolize debrisoquine(DBR) is related to risk of lung cancer and DBR hydroxylation exhibits wide inter-individual variation. In this study, 100 korean adults were tested for their ability to metabolize DBR. The DBR metabolic phonotype were determined by metabolic ratio (MR, DBR/4-HDBR) which is the percent dose excreted as unchanged DBR divided by the percent dose excreted as 4-hydro-xydebrisoqinne(4-HriBR) in a aliquots of an eight hour urine sample, after 10 mg DBR test dose administration. Analysis was performed on a capillary gas chromatography fitted with electron capture detector. The results were as follows; 1. Geometric mean or DBR MR was 0.32 in male, 0.27 in female, 0.30 in total and the distribution of log(MR) was seemed to follow normal distribution. 2. Metabolic ratio of DBR was higher in non-smoker and non-drinker than in smoker and drinker without any statistically significant difference. 3. None of personal factors was significantly related to DBR MR except age. 4. The DBR metabolic phonotype was extensive metabolizer(EM) 93, intermediate metabolizer (IM) 7 by traditional method and EM 98, IM 3 by Caporaso's method. The poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype was not found by either method. 5. Maximal expected PM phenotype was 0.36% by traditional method and 0.04% by Caporaso's method.
Adult ; Capillaries ; Chromatography, Gas ; Debrisoquin* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Metabolism* ; Pharmacogenetics ; Phenotype

Atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis(MS) may be cause of error in calculation of mitral valve area(MVA) by Doppler derived pressure half-time(PHT) method. This is due to changes of peak velocity and diastolic slope in mitral inflow Doppler spectrum in cases of assoociated with atrial fibrillation. However, few data exist regarding the effect of atrial fibrillation on the validity of this method. Two hundreds and three patients with mitral stenosis were studied by Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) to assess whether atrial fibrillation affected the calcullation of MVA. Total patients was divided into four groups according to the accompanied mitral or aortic regurgitation. Ninety patients had mitral stenosis only(group 1), 45 patients had mitral stenosis only(group 2), 54 patients were combined with aortic regurgitation(group 3) and 14 patients were combined with both mitral and aortic regurgitation(group 4). And then, each group was divided into sinus rhythm subgroup and atrial fibrillation subgroup respectively. In total patients, Doppler echocardiographic indices(pressure half-time, mean pressure gradient, peak pressure gradient and peak velocity) were correlated significantly with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients, with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 1 patients, Doppler echocardiographic indices were significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 2 patients, these Doppler derived indices were significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinuns rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). In group 3 patients, only pressure half-time was significantly correlated with 2DE-MVA in both patients with sinus rhythm and patients with atrial fibrillation(P>0.005). In group 4 patients, pressure half-time was significantly correlated in patients with atrial fibrillation(P<0.005). Therefore, Doppler echocardiography can estimates mitral valve area in patients with mitral stenosis associated with mitral and aortic regurgitation regardless of presence of the atrial fibrillation.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis*

Mitral pressure half-time(PHT) is widely used as an independent measure of mitral valve area(MVA) in patients with mitral stenosis. However, few data exist regarding the effect of mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation on the validity of this method. Two hundreds and three patients with mitral stenosis were studied by Doppler echocardiography and 2 dimensional echocardiography(2 DE) to assess whether mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation affected the calculation. Ninety patients had mitral stenosis only, 45 patients were combined with mitral regurgtation, 54 patients were combined with aortic regurgitation and 14 patients were combined with both mitral and aortic regurgitation group. Doppler PHT and 2DE estimates of MVA correlated well in total patients(r=0.903) and mitral stenosis only group(r=0.924). Good correlations were maintained in patient subgroups combined with mitral or aortic regurgitation(r=0.867 and 0.911, respectively) and both mitral and aortic regurgitation(r=0.843). Thus, measurement by Doppler PHT may reflect accurately the MVA as determined by 2DE regardless of presence of mitral and/or aortic regurgitation.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis*