To evaluate the characteristics of MR findings in osteomyelitis, retrospective MR image interpretations were made in 18 patients with osteomyelitis proved either either by surgery(n=17) or clinical course(n=1). Osteomyelitis was acute in five patients, subacute in five, chronic in seven, and healed in one. Area of active inflammation had low marrow marrow signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images inhomogeneously. It has been said that morrphologic characteristics of osteomyelitis in MR improved the accuracy in diagnosis of osteomyelitis and that gadolinium enhanced MR image further assisted in the planning of surgery. Out study was performed to observe the signal intensity change or morphologic change of bone marrow, cortex, periosteal reaction, and soft tissue which are specific for osteomyelitis. Multiple inhomogensous round marrow lesions were noted with central high signal intensity and peripheral low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, and central low signal intensity and peripheral high signal intensity on T2 weighted images in two patients. Intra and extraosseous abscesses showed rim enhancement after gadopentetate dimeglumine injectron. The signal intensity of the relatively higher than the internal area of the abscess on T1-weighted images. Cortical bone destruction showed high signal intensities T2-weighted images with destruction patterns of fine radial, circumferential, vertical or wedge shaped. MR imaging, by displaying specific signal intensities and morphological changes of bone marrow, cortex, periosteal reaction and soft tissue, would be an aid in early diagnosis and in planning for appropriate conservative and operative therapeutic procedures for osteomyelitis.
Abscess ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities* ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Osteomyelitis* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Bronchi* ; Rupture*

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is accepted as a useful tool for the diagnosis of injury of the knee recently. The anterior cruciate ligament tear is accompanied by the damage of the osseous and soft tissue of the knee. The occult osseous lesion is found on magnetic resonance imaging as bone density change that is not found on the simple radiograph. From Jan. 1992 to Apr. 1994, magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 44 patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. MRI was done within 6 weeks of the index anterior cruciate ligament injury. The criteria of decreased signal intensity on the Tl weighted image and increased signal intensity on the T2 weighted image was applied for the incidence assessment of the occult osseous lesion. After arthroscopy with or without ACL reconstruction, follow-up simple radiograph was checked every 3 months. Occult osseous lesions were documented in 32(73%) of the 44 patients. Of the 32 patients with bony lesion, 81% had lesions of the lateral compartment. Lateral femoral condyle was involved in 15 cases(46.9%), and lateral tibial plateau in 22 cases (68.8%). Follow-up X-ray revealed no joint deperession in all of the 32 patients with the occult osseous lesion. This result suggests that there is a high correlation between the occult osseous lesion of lateral compartment of the knee on magnetic resonance imaging and anterior cruciate ligament tear. The presence of the occult osseous lesion in the patient with acute anterior cruciate ligament tear did not affect rehabilitation and weight bearing.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Density ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rehabilitation ; Tears ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

The authors experienced 2 cases of bacterial intracranial aneurysm, the mortality of which has been reported to by very high and the management of which is controversial. Some authors have recommended observation with serial angiography during antimicrobial therapy and surgery for aneurysms that enlarge or remain patent. Others have argued for promt surgical removal. Bothof our patients had multiple aneurysms and were treated with appropriate, high-dose antibiotics, but intracerebral homorrhage(ICH) occurred during antibiotiecs treatment in both cases and they underwnet emergent operation, but both died.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Mortality

sodium hyaluronate in beagle dogs. METHODS:In group 1, hGH(Eutropin, r-hGH) 0.29mg/kg was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs everyday for 7 days. In group 2, 1mg/kg in sustained- release formulation using sodium hyaluronate(SR-hGH), was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. In group 3, 2mg/kg of the same formulation(SR-hGH) was injected subcutaneously to 6 beagle dogs. Blood samplings were done for the measurement of GH and IGF-1 concentrations with ELISA kit(Diagnostic Systems laboratories, Inc., USA) RESULTS:GH concentration in group 1 was below 0.5ng/ml before injection and elevated to 98.1+/-15.7 at 1 hr, 124.2+/-15 at 2 hr, 57.8+/-18.1 at 4 hr, 23.8+/-4.8 at 6hr, 10.8+/-3.7 at 8 hr, 2.8+/-1.6 at 10 hr, 1.0+/-0.7 at 12 hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 24hr after injection. Peak GH concentration was observed in 2 hr and thereafter decreased progressively and returned to basal level at 10 hr after injection. From the 2nd day GH concentration was measured only at 6 hr after daily GH injection, indicating the values of 20.9+/-8.7, 16.2+/-14.9, 23.1+/-8.5, 34.3+/-9.9, 16.1+/-7.0, and 21.8+/-13.0ng/ml at 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th 6th, and 7th day, respectively. GH concentrations in group 2(SR- hGH 1mg/kg) were 136.7+/-22.8 at 1hr, 149.3+/-29.9 at 2hr, 110.6+/-17.8 at 4hr, 103.7+/-18.2 at 6hr, 108.3+/-21.0 at 8hr, 91.4+/-21.4 at 10hr, 79.6+/-15.9 at 12hr, 23.7+/-8.3 at 24hr, 5.5+/-1.5 at 30hr, 0.7+/-0.2 at 48hr, 1.4+/-1.4 at 54hr, and 0.5+/-0.1ng/ml at 72hr after injection. GH concentration was elevated above the basal level for 72hr with the peak at 2hr after injection of SR-hGH of 1mg/kg. GH concentrations in group 3(SR-hGH 2.0mg/kg) were 196.7+/-45.2 at 1hr, 219.4+/-39.8 at 2hr, 198.1+/-38.0 at 4hr, 196.0+/-31.4 at 6hr, 179.2+/-28.3 at 8hr, 151.8+/-19.5 at 10hr, 141.3+/-23.1 at 12hr, 72.9+/-14.7 at 24hr, 43.7+/-14.2 at 30hr, 3.8+/-1.6 at 48hr, 1.6+/-0.5 at 54hr, 0.8+/-0.5 at 72hr, 0.5+/-0.1 at 78hr, and 0.5+/-0.2ng/ml at 120hr. Peak GH concentration occurred at 2hr after injection and remained high concentration till 72hr and returned to basal level thereafter. IGF-1 concentrations in group 1 changed from 190.5+/-68.1ng/ml before injection, to 326.4+/-96.2, 346.4+/-79, 391.4+/-86.9, 417.0+/-96.1, 422.1+/-92.0, 429.9+/-86.4, and 478.0+/-90.2ng/ml at 12hr, 30hr, 54hr, 78hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively. IGF-1 concentrations in group 2 were 128.5+/-37.0 ng/ml before and 268.0+/-64.2, 307.6+/-63.1, 374.8+/-55.3, 335.5+/-39.4, 301.9+/-44.8, 288.5+/-42.5, 272.8+/-51.8, 273.9+/-46.0, 251.1+/-40.9, and 239.2+/-45.0ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was measured at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150hr after injection. IGF-1 concentrations in group 3 were 116.0+/-68.9ng/ml before and 365.5+/-118.6, 400.0+/-135.1, 463.6+/-138, 450.2+/-140.0, 337.2+/-122.4, 301.4+/-113.4, 236.3+/-89.1, 226.3+/-75.5, 148.9+/-55.2, and 129.8 48.4ng/ml at 24hr, 30hr, 48hr, 54hr, 72hr, 78hr, 96hr, 102hr, 126hr, and 150hr, respectively after injection. Peak IGF-1 concentration was at 48hr and remained in high concentration till 150 hr after injection. There was no significant difference in IGF-I conc between group I and group 3. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release form(1mg or 2mg/kg) of hGH with sodium hyaluronate released GH for 72 hours with the peak level at 2 hours and higher concentration of IGF-I above baseline maintained for 150 hour after injection with peak level at 48 hour. There was no difference in IGF-1 concentration between SR-hGH 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg injection. So sustained release form 1mg/kg will be more effective for GH therapy as weekly injection mode. More extensive study is needed to permit for new therapeutic application.
Animals ; Dogs* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Growth Hormone* ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Sodium

The relative bioavailability amd palsma level fluctuation of controlled release carbamazepine (carbamazepine CR, CBZ CR, Tegretol CR) to the regular product (Carbamazepine RR, CBZ RR, Tegletol RR) were studied in 12 patients who were taking stable dose of carbamazepine for more than six weeks. Fixed dosage regimen (400 mg every 12 hours) of both products was administered in a random cross over manner at least for four days. After reaching steady-state, serial blood samples were drawn after last dose administration. Plasma carbamazepine levels were analysed by fluorescence polarizing immunoassay. The controlled lelease products showed lower area under the concentration time curve (AUC; 89.7)20.0 ug/ml/hr) than that (107.1)13.2 ug/ml/hr) of the regular products (p<0.01), and also showed low peak plasma level (CR;848)l.93ug/ml, RR;10.57+1.55 ug/ml). However. Fluctuation of plasma drug level during dose interval was slightly less in controlled release products compared with carbamazepine regular products in the respect of various indices such as percent fluctuation, fluctuation index and area deviation from mean level. However those parameters did not show no statistical singificance between two products except area diviation (p<0.01). Though the controlled relase product showed slightly less fluctuation during dose interval, this seemed to be the expense of incomplete bioavailability. As a conclusion, the dose correction should be made according to the relative bioavailability of controlled release formulation if switching of the formulation from regular to controlled release form would be needed. However it could not be proved that controlled release fromulation had less fluctiuation during dose interval in this study. More detailed studies should be pursued to show the evidence of significant superiority of currently marketing controlled release formulation to the regular one.
Biological Availability* ; Carbamazepine* ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Marketing ; Plasma

No abstract available.
Bacterial Infections* ; C-Reactive Protein*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aiming at estimating the joint effects of various risk factors associated with uterine cervix cancer in Korea. METHODS: Data obtained from a case-control study were analyzed with a multiplicative model. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and husband's educational attainments, the family history of cervical cancer (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2-3.9), unstable marital status due to separation, by death or divorce, etc. (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.7-4.6), and a large number of deliveries (> or = 3 vs. nulliparous OR=6.5, 95% CI=1.4-29.9) increased the risk of uterine cervix cancer. Conversely, first sexual intercourse at an older age (> or = 25 years vs. <19 years OR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.6) and husband's circumcision (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-1.0) decreased the risk. In the multiplicative model, the highest joint risk (OR=39.2, 95% CI 5.9-258.9) was observed in women with a family history of uterine cervical cancer, an unstable marital status, where the ex-husband was not circumcised, with 3 or more delivery experiences, and having her first sexual intercourse when younger than 19 years of age. However, women without a family history of uterine cervix cancer, married to a circumcised husband, having had her first sexual intercourse at 25 years or older, and nulliparous, showed the lowest joint effect (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.1-0.5). CONCLUSION: As carcinogenesis is a complex action involving various factors, we consider a joint effects approach to be appropriate in an epidemiological study on risk factors for uterine cervix neoplasms.cervix neoplasm.
Carcinogenesis ; Case-Control Studies ; Cervix Uteri* ; Circumcision, Male ; Coitus ; Divorce ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Joints* ; Korea* ; Male ; Marital Status ; Models, Statistical ; Risk Factors ; Spouses ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms