No abstract available.
Bone Transplantation ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cats* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy*

This study was designed to assess the iron nutritional status and anemia of high school students. 383 female subjects in Ulsan Metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and a measurement of hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 161.24+/-4.90 cm and 53.12+/-6.37 kg, repectively. The average BMI(body mass index) was 20.43+/-2.26 which was in the normal ramge. The average hemoglobin(Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.14+/-0.97g/dl, and the average hematocrit(Hct) level was 40.84+/-17.40%. Transferrin saturation{TS(%)} was 20.86+/-10.32%, and the ferritin by Hct(<36%), 27.2%by TS(<14%),26.6% by ferritin(<12 ng/ml). As for clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced 'decreased ability to concectrate'. Mean daily intakes of iron were 14.89+/-4.48 mg and heme iron intakes were 5.04+/-2.13 mg, which was 29.6% of total iron intake. The total iron binding capacity(TIBC) was negatively correlated with Hb concentration(r= -0.222, p<0.01). Serum ferritin was positively correlated with Hb concentration(r= - 0.323, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with TIBC(r= -0.367, p<0.01). TS(%) was positively correlated with Hb concentration(r= 0.402, p<0.01) and positively correlated with serum ferritin(r=0.413, p<0.01). As for the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with 'shortening of breath when going upstairs(p>0.05)' and 'cold hands and feet' significantly(r= -0.109, p<0.05). The level of Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) was negatively correlated with 'feel dizzy when standing up', 'tired out easily', and 'decrease ability to concentrate' significantly(p<0.05). In particular, the level of Fe was negatively correlated with 'shortening of breath when going upstairs' and 'feeling blue' significantly(p<0.01). These results suggest That the prevalence of iron deficiency of female high school students is very high, therefore guidelin......
Anemia* ; Biochemistry ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hand ; Heme ; Humans ; Iron* ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence ; Transferrin ; Ulsan*

This study was designed to investigate the effect of iron supplementation on the iron nutritional status and anemia of high school girls in Korea. One hundred thirty-five female students residing in Ulian metropolitan city in Korea diagnosed as having anemia or iron deficiency participated in this study. One or two tablets of iron medicine(80-160 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) were administered to all participants for 3 months. Subjects were evaluated with a questionaire, measurement of hematological indices before and after iron supplementation. The average height and weight of respondents were 161.62 +/- 4.68 cm and 53.87 +/- 6.10 kg, respectively. Daily intakes of energy were 1597.8 +/- 302.35 kcal(76.0% RDA). Iron intakes were 13.72 +/- 4.17 mg (76.3% of RDA) and calcium intakes were 580.74 +/- 177.21(72.5% of RDA) before iron supp]ementation. At baseline, 63% of all participants had depleted store(serum ferritin 12 ug/ml and/or transferrin saturation(TS)<14%). After iron supplementation, this proportion declined to 19.3%. 55.6% of subjects had 12 ug/m1 of basal ferritin concentration before iron supplementation, and this proportion declined to 16.3% after iron supplementation. The basal hemoglobin(Hb) concentrations were 12.13 +/- 1.01 g/dl and they increased to 12.79 +/- 0.81 g/dl, which showed significant difference artier iron supplementation(p<0.001). The basal ferritin and TS(%) were 13.24 +/- 11.66 ng/ml, 18.42 +/- 10.12% and they significantly increased to 32.95 +/- 21.14 ng/ml, 33.53 +/- 16.64%, respectively(p<0.001). The basal total iron binding protein(TIBC) were 467.81 +/- 97.24 ug/dl and they significantly decreased to 325.05 +/- 48.89 ug/dl(p<0.001) after iron supplementation. The number of tablets administered was positively correlated with serum iron(t = 0.553, p<0.01), serum ferritin(t = 0.557, p<0.01), TS(%)(t = 0.588, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with TIBC(t= -0.409, p<0.01). The anemia symptoms such as 'Shortening of breath when going upstairs(p<0.01)', 'Tired out easily(p<0.01)', 'Feeling blue(p<0.001)', 'Decreased ability to concentrate(p<0.01)', and 'Poor memory(p<0.001)'improved significantly after iron supplementation. In this study, daily iron supplementations were efficacious in improving the iron status and anemic symptoms of female high school students. Regular check-ups and nutrition education for adolescents are necessary because of their vulnerability to iron deficiency. Further studies are needed to determine the minimum effective dose of iron and to examine the adverse effect of long-term iron supplementation.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Calcium ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Female* ; Ferritins ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Iron* ; Korea ; Nutritional Status ; Tablets ; Transferrin

This study was reviewed databases and outcomes of national/international off-line and on-line(Internet) nutrition softwares to identify the present conditions of nutrition softwares, and investigated user's needs and determine which component should be included in nutrition software. The most frequently used databases for the national programs were the food composition table provided from the National Rural Living Science Institution in Rural Development Administration and the food composition table and the nutrient contents of foods provided from the Korean Nutrition Society. For international programs, the food composition table from the USDA was commonly used. The analysed outcomes included the degree of obesity, nutrient analysis and nutrient intake compared with RDA, food intake from each by food group, food habits and the frequency of food consumption. As to the result of needs assessment for the Internet nutrition softwares, it was suggested that the needs of the Internet nutrition softwares were high because most of the respondents replied that 3-point('it is needed') or 4-point('it is necessary') on 4-points likert scale. As to the databases, the needs of 'food composition analysis' and 'the suggestion of the Korean RDA' were high. For the basic information for foods, the respondents replied that 'the classification of foods', 'foods codes', 'the amount of ingredients' and 'nutrient analysis' should be included. The needs of 'nutrient analysis of meal', 'diet therapy' and 'meal plan by caloric requirements' were high. As for utilizing the Internet meal planning programs, the respondents replied that 'it should be easy to use' most and demand for 'data saving and the saved data should be usable later' and 'meal planning education tools' were high. In conclusion, the Internet nutrition software that satisfies various needs of users should be developed for policy making that promote public health, nutritional care and self-supporting of foods.
Classification ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eating ; Education ; Food Habits ; Internet* ; Meals ; Needs Assessment ; Obesity ; Policy Making ; Public Health ; Social Planning ; United States Department of Agriculture

PURPOSE: This preliminary study is aimed at developing standardized tools for psycho-social assessment of patients in needs for hospice/palliative care. To accomplish the purpose, investigators examined effects of perceptions of social workers on the importance of psycho-social domains of assessment in hospice/palliative care settings. Moreover, investigators paid attention to variances of perceptions of social workers' along with types of institution and credentials of those family settings. METHODS: A form of questionnaire was first explored from an initial interview assessment of 10 government-certified hospice care providers and a literature review, second constructed with eight domains and 80 items, and sent by e-mail to 55 institutions and hospitals providing hospice/palliative cares in Korea. Lastly, a total of 31 agencies returned with a completed responses and consent form (56% response rate). SPSS program (version 18.0) was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Study found that social workers perceived patients' family background (m=4.53, 5-point scale) as the most important assessment domain, whereas economic conditions (4.06 point) the least important. Social workers' perception varied by credentials (i.e., license types, training, full-time position, types of care facility). CONCLUSION: Based upon study findings, investigators can conclude strong needs for developing a assessment tool that measures multiple domains (i.e., psychological, social and ecological aspects) of patients. A standardized assessment tool should be structured with 2 axis (center/core and expanded/peripheral) and tailored for institution type. Second, professional trainings must be provided by strengthening legal institutionalization and fostering qualified social workers with full responsibilities of hospice and palliative care patients.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Consent Forms ; Electronic Mail ; Foster Home Care ; Hospice Care ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Institutionalization ; Korea ; Licensure ; Palliative Care* ; Psychology ; Research Personnel ; Self-Assessment ; Social Workers* ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The p53 protein was discovered in 1979 as cellular 53-kD nuclear phosphoprotein bound to the large transforming antigen of SV40 virus. P21WAF1/CIP1, which has been described as the critical downstream mediator of p53, is known to suppress DNA replication and arrest the G1 cell cycle by quaternary complex with cyclin D, cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). In these days, some studies shows that the p21 can be induced by independent pathways. There are various reports about the expression of p21 (67%.82.4%) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. But these studies are mostly done in malignant tumor not in benign tumor. So we decided to study the expression of p21 in ameloblastoma and the relationship between p53 and p21 as a downstream mediator of p53 in ameloblastoma. We investigated the expression of p21 and p53 with the method of immunohistochemistry. We selected 30 cases of ameloblastoma tissue blocks (acanthomatous type: 5 cases, follicular type: 8 cases, plexiform type: 17 cases) imbedded in paraffin. We used 30 cases of normal gingival tissues and 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma tissues (SCC) respectively and compared their results with those of ameloblastoma. We made slides with the streptavidin-biotin methods and used monoclonal antibody DO-7 (Novocastra, Newcastle, United Kingdom) as p53 antibody and monoclonal antibody M7202 (DAKO, California, U.S.A.) as p21 antibody. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient to analyse the relationship. The results were as follows: 1. p21 was expressed in ameloblastoma about 30% and this is lower than that of normal gingiva and SCC. 2. In normal gingiva and ameloblastoma, p21 expression was correlated with p53 expression. 3. In SCC, p21 were expressed about 83.3% and this is more than that of p53. But there was no correlation between p21 and p53 expression. We confirmed p21 expression and relation with p53 in ameloblastoma. But, to confirm the function of p21, more studies about p21 expression in malignant ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma are needed.
Ameloblastoma* ; Ameloblasts ; California ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D ; DNA Replication ; Gingiva ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraffin ; Simian virus 40

The aim of this study was to investigate what is the most accurate and quick temperature measurement among rectal, auxiliary and tympanic routes. The body temperatures of 86 preterm infants in incubators, a controlled environment, were measured at three different sites. The measurements were taken to examine the accuracy of the temperatures, proper nursing time for measuring the temperatures and the validity of fever detection. The results were as follows : 1. The mean temperature was significantly lower in the auxiliary site(36.71degrees C) and higher in the tympanic site(37.27degrees C) than in the rectal site(37.03degrees C). 2. The mean nursing time for measuring body temperature was significantly longer in the auxiliary site(171.65 seconds) and shorter in the tympanic site(17.70 seconds) than in the rectal site(83.33 seconds). 3. The nursing time for measuring body temperature included the time needed for preparation, measuring, as well as the post-measuring time. It was found that the time required to prepare for measuring the temperature of the rectal site was significantly longer than for other sites. In addition, the time needed to measure the temperature of the auxiliary site was significantly longer than in the other sites. Finally, the nursing time needed for measuring the auxiliary temperature(171.65 seconds) was the longest among the three sites whereas the nursing time for the tympanic site was the shortest(17.70 seconds). 4. Rectal temperature was significantly correlated to the tympanic(r=0.67) and auxiliary temperatures(r=0.69). Tympanic temperature was also significantly correlated to the auxiliary temperature(r=0.74). 5. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of tympanic temperatures for detecting fever were 1.00, 0.80, 0.24, and 1.00, respectively. Those for the auxiliary temperatures were 0.00, 0.99, 0.00, and 0.94, respectively. Thus the level of fever detection was lower in the auxiliary temperatures than in tympanic temperatures. The above findings indicate that the tympanic method of temperature measurement offers a useful alternative to conventional methods.
Body Temperature ; Environment, Controlled ; Fever* ; Humans ; Incubators ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Nursing* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Fractures of the acetabulum are relatively uncommon, but because they involve a major weight bearing joint in the low extremity, they assume great clincal importance. The principle of management for this fracture is as for any other displaced intra-articular fracture, nsmely that anstomical reduction is essential for good long term function of the obtained by closed means, but more often, open reduction followed stable internsl fixation allowing early active or passive motion will be required. In the past, the achievement of this ideal, that is anatomical reduction, has been difficult because technical problems such as those caused by complicated anatomy, difficulty with surgical exposure, severe comminution in many cases, and major associated injuries. We classified the acetabular fractures of 71 patients with 72 hips from 1980 to 1987 and clinical analysis was performed on 51 hips allowing the possible follow-up evaluation beyond the 12 months. Following results were obtained. 1. The most common associated injury was the pelvic bone fracture(25.5%). 2. The most common types of fracture on each classification were posterior wall fracture in Letournel(37.5%), posterior acetabular fracture in Rowe & Lowell(42.3%), central fracture- dislocation without involving of weight bearing dome of acetabulum in Carnesale(23.9%). 3. According to calssification method, the interpretation for characteristics of fracture type and frequency of acetabular fracture was very different each other. 4. The Leournels classification was relatively simple and could contain with many types of fracture and was helpful to determine the index of treatment. 5. The prognosis of linear undisplaced fracture and posterior fracture was better than acetabular medial, superior and bursting fracture in both conservative and operative treatment. 6. The posterior wall fracture with widely displaced fracture or joint instability, acetabular dome fracture, intraarticular fragment was absolute indication for operative treatment. 7. The treatment result and prognosis was influenced to the accurate classification of fracture type, anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation.
Acetabulum ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joint Instability ; Joints ; Methods ; Pelvic Bones ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing