No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide* ; Calcitonin* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger*

PURPOSE: The concordance of strabismus in monozygotic twins was examined in order to study the role of genetics in the different types of strabismus. METHODS: The medical charts of 39 pairs of monozygotic twins (63 of 78 subjects had strabismus) dated between May 1985 and December 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed each case by refraction, type of strabismus, age of onset, amount of deviation, and stereopsis. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 39 pairs of twins (59%) showed phenotypic concordance; 15 of 21 pairs showed intermittent exotropia (71%), five of nine pairs showed infantile esotropia (55%), and three of four pairs showed partially accommodative esotropia (75%). All pairs with accommodative esotropia showed discordance. One discordant pair showed infantile esotropia, one expressed infantile esotropia, and another expressed sensory exotropia due to congenital cataract. CONCLUSIONS: The concordance rate of monozygotic twins was 59% in this study. Partially accommodative esotropia and intermittent exotropia had high concordance rates of strabismic phenotypes in monozygotic twins. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that there may be a strong genetic component regarding these types of strabismus. Concordant pairs of monozygotic twins showed similarity in onset, deviation angle, postoperative result, and recurrence.
Age of Onset ; Cataract ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus* ; Twins, Monozygotic*

PURPOSE: The concordance of strabismus in monozygotic twins was examined in order to study the role of genetics in the different types of strabismus. METHODS: The medical charts of 39 pairs of monozygotic twins (63 of 78 subjects had strabismus) dated between May 1985 and December 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed each case by refraction, type of strabismus, age of onset, amount of deviation, and stereopsis. RESULTS: Twenty-three of 39 pairs of twins (59%) showed phenotypic concordance; 15 of 21 pairs showed intermittent exotropia (71%), five of nine pairs showed infantile esotropia (55%), and three of four pairs showed partially accommodative esotropia (75%). All pairs with accommodative esotropia showed discordance. One discordant pair showed infantile esotropia, one expressed infantile esotropia, and another expressed sensory exotropia due to congenital cataract. CONCLUSIONS: The concordance rate of monozygotic twins was 59% in this study. Partially accommodative esotropia and intermittent exotropia had high concordance rates of strabismic phenotypes in monozygotic twins. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that there may be a strong genetic component regarding these types of strabismus. Concordant pairs of monozygotic twins showed similarity in onset, deviation angle, postoperative result, and recurrence.
Age of Onset ; Cataract ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus* ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Regional left ventricular dysfunction is common in patients with coronary artery disease and accurate analysis of regional dysfunction is of particular interest. For the quantitative assessment of regional dysfunction, we measured regional ejection fraction by radial sector division method in 19 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 13 normal controls who had multigated blood pool scan. And two independent observer analyzed regional wall motion using 5 point grading system in 18 patients undergoing radionuclide ventricular cineangiography. The results obtained were as follows : 1) Regional wall motion scores for the gated blood pool study agreed completely in 72 of 108 segments (66.7%) and agreed within 1 grade in 88 of 108 segments(81.5%) and agreement rate is lowest in the septal area. 2) Global left ventricular ejection fraction was 63.2+/-4.2% in normal controls, 36.6+/-6.8% in extensive anterior wall infarction group and 52.6+/-9.7% in inferior wall infarction group. The value of extensive anterior wall infarction group was significantly lower than that of inferior wall infarction group(p<0.005). 3) Regional left ventricular ejection fraction by radial sector division method in normal control group were as follows : area 1 ; 56.5+/-6.7%, area 2 : 77.9+/-4.8%, area 3 ;84.3+/-5.5%, area 4 : 76.8+/-6.6%, area 5 ; 84.7+/-7.6%, area 6 ; 85.9+/-11.2%, area 7 ; 75.5+/-12.3%, area 8 ; 74.9+/-14.0%, area 9 ; 75.5+/-8.8%, area 10 ; 54.2+/-11.0%, 11 ; 34.5+/-16.3, area 12 ; 37.1+/-18.0%. 4) Mean regional ejection fraction in 7 patients with anterior wall infarction showed significantly lower values in area 4 to area 8, and in area 2 to area 5 in case of inferior wall infarction group. 5) We thought that regional ejection fraction obtained by radial sector division method is valuable index for the management and evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.
Cineangiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Humans ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Septum of Brain ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Life-threatening RSV infection is often reported in young children and immunocompromised hosts. Since there is no report on ribavirin therapy for RSV pneumonia in pediatric cancer patients in Korea, we report one case of RSV pneumonia that developed in an infant with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite administration of oral ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's respiratory distress worsened and admission to an intensive care unit was necessary. Chest x-ray showed multifocal consolidation, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Treatment with aerosolized ribavirin led to significant clinical improvement. The role of aerosolized ribavirin is still controversial, but it might have a therapeutic potential for severe RSV pneumonia in children with leukemia.
Child ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Mediastinal Emphysema ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Ribavirin ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the surgeon-selected ablation center in active eye-tracker-assisted ASA-PRK and to identify factors influencing the ablation center. METHODS: This retrospective study included 109 eyes of 62 patients who underwent active eye-tracker-assisted ASA-PRK (VISX STARTM S4 with ActiveTrakTM System). The location the surgeon-selected ablation center and its distance from the center of the entrance pupil were analyzed by corneal topography (EyeSys Corneal Analysis SystemTM with pupil finding software). The factors influencing centration were investigated. RESULTS: The mean decentration was 0.24+/-0.13 mm (range 0.04 to 0.83 mm). One-hundred and five eyes (96%) were within 0.5 mm of the pupillary center. Supero-nasal displacement of the ablation center occurred most frequently in 44 eyes (40%) after ASA-PRK. The decentration amount was not dependant on factors related to the patient, the surgeon, or the surgery. There was no significant correlation between the amount of decentration and the vertical scale bar of the ActiveTrakTM icon on the screen representing the distance from the pupil center determined by the tracking system, to the surgeon-selected ablation center. CONCLUSIONS: This method of tracking the ablation center, which was selected by the surgeon according to each patient's specific pupil decentration with the active eye tracking system, was highly accurate and effective in avoiding severe decentration in ASA-PRK.
Corneal Topography ; Humans ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Pupil ; Retrospective Studies

Diurnally fluctuating hereditary progessive dystonia is a rare movement disorder characterized by marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms and dramatic response to levodopa. We report two advanced female patients of two families who presented with progressive dystonia and gait disturbance. Both patients have a family history and showed excellent response to levodopa.
Dystonia* ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Movement Disorders

We report a case of solitary congenital calcified nodule of the ear in a 1-year-old female. The lesion was a 2 X 2mm-sized, elevated, slightly erythematous and whitish-centered nodule located since birth on the superior helical rim of her left ear. Histopathological findings fram the totally excised lesion showed calcium deposits as amorphous, basophilic masses in the upper dermis and focal discharge of calcium by means of transepidermal elimination. Surrounding the calcium deposits, lymphohistiocytic infiltrations were present.
Basophils ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Ear* ; Female ; Humans ; Parturition

5-Fluorouacil (5-FU) 5mg/day was injected subconjunctivally from the third day after trabeculectomy in 8 eyes of 7 patients who had poor prognostic glaucomas such as previously unsuccessful trabeculectomy, aphakic glaucoma, glaucoma after retinal reattachment surgery, and inflammatory glaucoma. The eyes were injected once or multiple times no more than eigth doses in total. Each dose contained 5 mg of 5-FU so patients were given a minimum dosage of 5 mg or an additive maximum dosage of 40 mg. The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 9 months and averaged 6 months. All eyes showed intraocular pressure below 21 mmHg with or without anti glaucoma medications with the mean intraocular pressure reduced by 16.5 +/- 9.4mmHg from 30.8mmHg preoperatively to 14.3mmHg postoperatively. The postoperative visual acuity was decreased in one eye and remained unchanged in 7 eyes. Diffuse filtering blebs were seen in 7 eyes and an encapsulated bleb was encountered in one eye. The average number of antiglaucoma medications was decreased from 3 preoperativdy to 1.4 postoperatively. Postoperative complications were corneal epithelial detect and conjunctival wound leak in one eye and conjunctival wound leaks alone in two other eyes.
Blister ; Fluorouracil* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinaldehyde ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries