Sequence comparison of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) from Korean children with gastroenteritis revealed significant genetic variation among them. cDNA clones were produced from the HuCVs collected from pediatric population during a period of 1987-1994. The application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers directed to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region within ORF1 of Norwalk virus (NV) showed that 13.7% of HuCVs yielded PCR products of similar size to the NV prototype, NV8Flla/68/US, with exceptions of HuCV185/87/Korea and HuCV1115/90/Korea. Computer analyses showed that the PCR products had a continuous protein encoding frame on the positive strand, and contained GLPSG and YGDD amino acid motifs at the predicted distance from primers. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of HuCVs with previously published sequences for Snow Mountain agent (SMA), NV, and Sapporo/82/Japan indicated that these strains can be divided into four major genogroups. There were 10 (45%) SMA-like CVs, one (4.5%) NV-like HuCVs, two (9%) Sapporo-like HuCVs, and nine (41%) unidentified HuCVs. This fourth genogroup should be investigated further. HuCV185/87/Korea and HuCV1115/90/Korea, Sapporo-like CVs, were genetically distinct from previously characterized HuCVs and more closely related to known animal CVs. One of the animal CV-like strain, HuCV185/87/Korea, showed nucleotide and amino acid homology of only 67% and 73% with the prototype Sapporo/82/Japan. Further characterization of animal and human CV genomes and studies of possible cross-transmission of CVs from animals to humans are likely to be beneficial in understanding the epidemiology of HuCVs.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Child ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Complementary ; Epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Korea* ; Norwalk virus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Replicase ; Snow

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and clinical utility of antenatal corticosteroids in the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality on preterm birth Material and method: Neonatal outcomes of 312 preterm babies were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred and two preterm babies(study group) were given dexamethasone more than 1 dose antenatally and 210 preterm babies(control group) were not given dexamethasone antenatally. Antenatal steroids were administered in the form of four 5mg intramuscular doses of dexamethasone 12 hours apart. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of study group were compared with those of control group. Student t- test, x2 test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis were used where appropriate. p-value< 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Antentenatal corticosteroid significantly decreased the incidence of RDS(OR:0.47, 95% CI:0.25-0.86), IVH/PVL(OR : 0.32, 95% CI : 0.12-0.86), necrotizing enterocolitis(OR : 0.49, 95% CI : 0.25-0.98), and neonatal death(OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.89) in preterm delivery. In the presence of PROM, antenatal corticosteoid seemed to have no protective effect on the neonatal complications such as RDS, IVH/PVL, NEC, PDA, and neonatal death. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal administration of corticosteroids was effective to decrease the incidence of neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality in the preterm neonates with no apparent maternal complications.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Premature Birth* ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids

Pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor arising from the chromaffin tissue, and it is able to produce and secrete catecholamines. Lymph nodes, liver, lung and bone are the most frequent sites of metastasis. We report here on a case of pheochromocytoma arising from the dura in a patient who was surgically treated for bilateral pheochromocytoma five years previously.
Catecholamines ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pheochromocytoma*

Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*

Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*

Microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) tumors were reported in a subset of gastrointestinal carcinomas. The molecular pathogenesis of MMP tumors shows defects in the DNA mismatch repair genes, and also many germline and somatic mutations were reported in the MMP tumors. However, the detection of genetic defects in the MMP tumors is very difficult, mainly because many genes are included in the DNA mismatch repair genes. This study was undertaken to determine the best strategy for detecting defects in the DNA mismatch repair genes in gastrointestinal carcinomas. One of the effective ways for detecting defects in DNA mismatch repair genes is to screen the MMP tumors and evaluate the products of DNA mismatch repair genes by performing the multiplex RT-PCR method. We have screened the MMP tumors by using 5 microsatellite markers in the 12 cancer cell lines, 120 colon carcinomas and 99 gastric carcinomas and found 6 MMP cell lines, 10 MMP colon cancers, and 9 MMP gastric carcinomas. In addition, we evaluated 6 DNA mismatch repair gene products (hMSH2, hMSH3, hMSH6, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2) by multiplex RT-PCR analysis and found decreased expression of the DNA mismatch repair genes in 5 (hMSH6 in DLD-1 and HCT-15; hMSH2 in LoVo; hMLH1 and hMSH3 in HCT-116; hMLH1 in SNU-638) out of 6 MMP cell lines. We also found a decreased expression of hMLH1 in 3 out of 10 MMP colon carcinomas, and in 6 out of 9 MMP gastric carcinomas. Our results indicate that the expression analysis of the DNA mismatch repair genes by multiplex RT-PCR method can reduce the number of genes subjected to mutational analysis and is convenient for screening the responsible DNA mismatch repair genes.
Cell Line ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA Mismatch Repair* ; DNA* ; Mass Screening ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Phenotype*

Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system which is characterized by high radiosensitiveness is rarely reported in the literature. We have experienced a case of recurred cerebellar lymphoma whose criginal site was septal area. Though septal tumor disappeared completely after radiation, a large cerebellar tumor was found 2 years thereafter. After decompressive suboccipital craniectomy and partial tumor removal the patient's general condition improved so secondary radiation and chemotherapy were started. In the course of port-op therapy, the patient abruptly deteriorated and succumbed.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; Cerebellum* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Septum of Brain

No abstract available.
Nevus*

The discovery of C-T scan have facilitated the detection of post-traumatic hydrocephalus cases. Of those, 6 cases of hydrocephalus of non-parenchymatous in origin, in other words, normal pressure hydrocephalus were presented. They were diagnosed by repeated brain C-T and cisternography with Iodine 131-labeled human serum albumin. The symptomatology, diagnosis procedure and surgical results were discussed. Followings are the results. 1) The RIHSA cisternogram taken after 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs from lumbar injection showed abnormal features in all cases. 2) Surgical results were thought that there is much correlation with the age and improvement of mental impairments were seen, more or less, in all cases and improvement of gait disturbance and incontinence were seen in 5 cases and 4 cases respectively. 3) In those who sustained severe head injury with delayed recovery, the authors think, repeated check of brain C-T and cisternography is necessitated to perform the V-P shunt or V-A shunt to relieve the symptomatology of normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure* ; Iodine ; Serum Albumin ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart*