PURPOSE: Three-dimensional(3D) magnetic resonance(MR) projection imaging was evaluated as a noninvasive alternative to direct cholangiography for the assessment of its reliability in patients with obsructive jaundice. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A heavily T2-weighted gradient-echo sequence(PSIF) was used for 3D MR projecion imaging of the biliary system in five healthy volunteers and 25 patients with obstructive jaundice. The 3D images of the bile ducts were formed by stacking consecutive coronal MR images obtained with a fast imaging method to a maximum-intensity projection algorithm. RESULTS: In the volunteers, MR cholangiography could demonstrate the anatomy of the biliary tract in only two subjects. The extrahepatic and intraheparic bile ducts were well visualized in 23 patients with obstructive jaundice. The leve of obstruction and the grade of dilatation were dipicted with MR cholangiography in all cases. And the cause of obstruction could be determined with MR cholangiography in 18 cases, MR cholangiography was successful in two patients in whom ERCP failed. The gallbladder or dilated pancreatic duct not demonstrated by means of direct cholangiography was demonstrated with MR cholangiography in six cases.
Bile Ducts ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Dilatation ; Gallbladder ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Volunteers

Colonic lesions by irritant laxative abuse are devided into melanosis coli, cathartic colon, soap or chemical colitis. Melanosis coli is the brownish or black discoloration of the colon because of the accumulation of lipofuscin pigment in macrophages located in lamina propria and associated with anthraquinone containing laxative abuse. The site of this lesion is more common in cecum and proximal colon, but whole colon can be involved. This lesion is occurred between 4 months and 13 months from initiation of drug medication, and the lesion is benign because the pigments disappear by withdrawning the laxatives. A number of cases were reported in our country, all of the cases were associated with prolonged administration of anthraquinone type laxatives. We presents two cases of melanosis eoli that had administrated aloe to treat the chronic constipation during long terms, and one case of melanosis coli that had not administrated laxatives or a specific drug with chronic constipation. All of three cases were confirmed by colonoscopy.
Aloe ; Cecum ; Colitis ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation ; Laxatives ; Lipofuscin ; Macrophages ; Melanosis* ; Mucous Membrane ; Soaps

No abstract available.
Acetazolamide* ; Aneurysm* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Perfusion* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

In vivo ethane production in rats was used as an index of oxygen toxicity. The rats were allocated to four exposure conditions; hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO=5 ATA, 100% O2), normobaric oxygenation (NBO=1 ATA, 100% O2), hyperbaric aeration (HBA=5 ATA, 21% O2) and normobaric aeration (NBA=1 ATA, 21% O2). After 120 minutes of exposure, the rats exposed to high concentration and/or high pressure oxygen exhaled significantly larger amounts of ethane than those exposed to NBA, and the differences in ethane production between any two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). This finding supports the hypothesis that hypothesis that hyperoxia increase oxygen free-radicals and the radicals produce ethane as a result of lipid peroxidation. It is notable that the ethane exhalation level of the HBA group was significantly higher than that of the NBO group. This difference could not be accounted for by the alveolar oxygen partial pressure difference between the two groups.
Animals ; Ethane* ; Exhalation* ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hyperoxia* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Rats

The peripheral vascular occlusion in the diabetes was studied in fifty-nine male and forty-six female diabetic patients by means of doppler flow meter performed on the dorsalis pedis arteries & post. tibial arteries of the both lower limbs. Patients were divided into two groups, one with occlusion and the other without occlusion. Various predisposing factors causing peripheral vascular occlusions were examined. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Peripheral vascular occlusions were more prevalent in male than in female (male: 25.4%, female: 17.4%). 2. In male patients age, plasma cholesterol level & smoking were statically significant among the various predisposing factors between occlusion & nonocclusion groups. 3. In female patients, duration of diabetes mellitus and the sugar levels of fasting blood and post prandial 2 hours were statiscally significant.
Arteries ; Causality ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Open Bite ; Plasma ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tibial Arteries

Purpose: Acute care surgery (ACS) has been shown to improve patient outcome and treatment efficiency in the U.S. ACS was introduced to the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul to solve the problems associated with delays in surgical evaluation of non-trauma patients who needed emergency surgery, and to offer exposure to a wide variety of surgical cases to general surgical fellows and residents. The objective of this study was to describe the 10-year experience of the ACS department in a single center. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, for all patients admitted from March 2008 to February 2018. Patients were grouped into either the trauma or non-trauma group, and were further classified according to their diagnosis, and the type of operations they had undergone. Results: There was a total of 2,805 patients, including 1,001 trauma patients and 1,804 non-trauma patients. The average hospital length of stay was 14 days and the total in-hospital mortality rate was 3.6%. Trauma mechanisms included blunt (92.6%), penetrating (7.0%) and burn (0.4%) trauma. The majority of non-trauma patients were admitted for appendicitis (37.1%), followed by cholecystitis (21.7%). There was a total of 1,561 operations conducted. The most frequent operations were appendectomy (38.3%) and cholecystectomy (19.5%), followed by adhesiolysis (7.8%). Conclusion A working ACS department has been implemented in a Korean medical center.

Purpose: Acute care surgery (ACS) has been shown to improve patient outcome and treatment efficiency in the U.S. ACS was introduced to the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul to solve the problems associated with delays in surgical evaluation of non-trauma patients who needed emergency surgery, and to offer exposure to a wide variety of surgical cases to general surgical fellows and residents. The objective of this study was to describe the 10-year experience of the ACS department in a single center. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, for all patients admitted from March 2008 to February 2018. Patients were grouped into either the trauma or non-trauma group, and were further classified according to their diagnosis, and the type of operations they had undergone. Results: There was a total of 2,805 patients, including 1,001 trauma patients and 1,804 non-trauma patients. The average hospital length of stay was 14 days and the total in-hospital mortality rate was 3.6%. Trauma mechanisms included blunt (92.6%), penetrating (7.0%) and burn (0.4%) trauma. The majority of non-trauma patients were admitted for appendicitis (37.1%), followed by cholecystitis (21.7%). There was a total of 1,561 operations conducted. The most frequent operations were appendectomy (38.3%) and cholecystectomy (19.5%), followed by adhesiolysis (7.8%). Conclusion A working ACS department has been implemented in a Korean medical center.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of ovat hyperthyroidism ar hypothyroidism has been estimated up to 5% in the general populatian. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism have pevalences of approximately 1% and 6%, ectively. The prevalence of hypothyroidism may be associated with excessive intake of iodine in iodine sufficient areas. Therefore, we assumed the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Karea might be different from those af Western cauntries. However, thete have been no surveys to examine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Karea. We performed the study to investigate the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism in Korean adults. METHODS: This study was performed in 15019 subjects (8275 men, 6744 women; between 17 and 87 years of age) visited in health promotion center of Samsung Medical Center for 12 months in 1996. Serum T3, T4, and TSH concentrations were measured with RIA or IRMA using commercial kits. History of thyroid dysfunction and current medication were obtained from medical records. The criteria for thyrotoxicosis were TSH level below than 0.30 mU/L and increased T3 or T4 levels (T3 > 3.1 nmol/L or T4 > 152 nmol/L). Patients who had TSH level above than 5.0 mU/L and T4 level below than 77 nmol/L met the criteria for hypothyroidism. RESULTS: The prevalence of thyrotoxicosis was 5.5/1000 population (men 3.6/1000, women 7.7/1000) with peak prevalence in fifth decade. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed thyrotoxicosis was 4.0/1000 (men 2.9/1000, women 5.3/1000). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 2.8/1000 population (men 1.1/1000, women 4.9/1000) with peak prevalence in seventh decade. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism was 1.6/1000 (men 0.6/1000, women 2.S/1000). The prevalence of subclinical thyrotoxicosis was 12.4/1000 population (men 11.8/1000, women 13.0/1000). The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 18.2/1000 population (men 11.2/1000, women 26.7/1000) which frequency was increased with age. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism was not significantly different from those of other countries, it was lower than expected and female preponderance is not significant. The prevalence of subclinical thyrotoxicosis and subclinical hypothyroidism was lower than those of other countries. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was higher in women and old ages. (J Kor Soc Endecrinol 14:301~313, 1999)
Adult ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism* ; Iodine ; Male ; Medical Records ; Prevalence* ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis*

No abstract available.
Collagen* ; Interferons* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

A rare case of uterine lipoleiomyoma is reported with presentation of computed tomography, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical findings. This tumor is predominantly lipomatous with an admixture of smooth muscle fiber and hyalinized fibrous tissue. Immunohistochemical study revealed a positive reaction of S-100 protein in fat cells and desmin in smooth muscle fibers. Its histogenesis also has been discussed.