It is the purpose of this article to determine various normal anatomic measurements of temporomandibular joint and normal range of condylar movement using relatively simple X-ray equipment and radiographic technique in consideration of popular clinical application. Author's cases condisted of 100 clinically normal adult males and temporomandibular joint radiographs of 3 serial position so condylar head were taken by transcranial obliquelateral pojection in each case. The serial positions are centric occlusion, 1 inch opening and maximal opening position. The results were as follows; 1. In cetric occlusion, the length between the condylar head and glenoidfossa was 2.23±0.58mm in anterior part, 3.55±0.80mm in upper part and 2.76±0.72mm in posterior part. 2. Incentric occlusion, the angle (alpha) between the horizontal standard line(AB) and anterior slope (BC) was 37.22±3.87 degrees. 3. In 1 inch opening position, the distance between the summit of condylar head from thestandard point of articular eminence (B) was
Adult ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Reference Values ; Temporomandibular Joint

PURPOSE: It is the purpose of this paper to study the long-term results of surgically treated intermittent exotropia of 25 prism diopters (PD) of preoperative deviation. METHODS: We analyzed and compared 364 patients (376 cases) with at least 6 months of postoperative follow-up. Two surgical methods were done : 6 mm bilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle in 190 patients (190 cases) and unilateral 4 mm recession of lateral rectus muscle combined with 3 mm resection of medial rectus muscle in 174 patients (186 cases). RESULTS: The average age of operation was 6.2 years, ranging from 3 to 16 years, and the follow-up period after surgery ranged 6 to 128 months (mean 27.3 months). The satisfactory surgical result defined as orthophoria and deviation between 5 PD esodeviation and 10 PD exodeviation. The final success rates were 75.3% in bilateral recession group and 64.5% in unilateral recession-resection group. This difference in success rates between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.023), and the age at operation did not influence the surgical results. Those cases who were over-corrected 6 to 10 PD had a higher success rate and there was a statistically significant relationship between alignment immediately after surgery and on the final postoperative day in the two surgical groups (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the bilateral recession is better than that of the unilateral recession-resection for correction of 25 PD intermittent exotropia in any age group.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

On the pulse from the trauma transiting to posterior side of the orbit, orbital fractures are occurred throughthe weak point of the orbital wall. Invagination of soft tissue or entrapment of muscles may be associated withorbital fracture. In condition of inaccurate diagnosis, appropriate surgical repairment is impossible andcomplications such as diplopia or enophthalmia are developed. CT scan is diagnostic procedure which demonstratesaccurately the site and stage of orbital fracture, and its associated findings. The authors has been studied in 21orbital CT scans to evaluate the relative value of plain X rays and CT scans in the diagnosis of orbital fracturesduring the period from January 1982 to September 1985. The conclusions were as follows: 1. Diagnostic rate was100% by CT, 40% by initial and 80% by retrospective interpretation of conventional X-ray films. 2. Low X-raydiagnostic rate of medical wall fractures(26.7%) was due to thinness of the bone. 3. Medial wall fractures wereassociated with floor fractures in 46%. 4. Orbital soft tissue injuries and abnormalities of PNS were preciselyevaluated by CT scan.
Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Retrospective Studies ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Thinness ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Film

The elbow injury is frequent among the children. The cubitus varus and cubitus valgus deformities are the common late complications of the elbow fracture. Although, these deformities rarely limit elbow function, the correction is frequently requested due to cosmetic problem and/or tardy ulnar nerve palsy. We performed 33 supracondylar closed wedge osteotomies from Jan. 1976 to Jan. 1986, of which 27 cases were cubitus varus, and 6 cases were cubitus valgus at Yonsei University College of Medicine. The results were as follows; 1. Cubitus varus deformity was more common than cubitus valgus; the ratio was 4.5 : 1. 2. The most common initial injury resulted in such angular deformity of elbow was supracondylar fracture of humerus. 3. The duration of plaster-cast immobilization after operation was much longer in cases who operated over 15 years old than under 15 years old. 4. There is no relationship between the duration after initial injury and the result of operation. 5. The result of supracondylar osteotomy was excellent in 11 cases(33.3%), good in 17 cases(51.5 %), and poor in 5 cases(15.2%). 6. Three fourths of cases resulted in excellent and good result were under 15 years old. 7. It is recommeneed that the angular deformity of elbow is corrected early rather than at the conclusion of growth.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Osteotomy ; Ulnar Neuropathies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of spiral CT in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer by comparing with histopathological finding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied spiral CT scans of forty-eight patients, in whom gastric cancer was proven by gastrofibroscopic biopsy and surgery. After distending the stomach with 400ml tap water or effervescent granules, 100ml of contrast media was given intravenously at a rate of 3ml/sec. CT scanning was started at 45 sec after administration of the contrast material. Gastric tumors were subdivided into five types according to enhancing pattern from the inner layer of gastric wall to the outer layer. These pattern were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULT: The tumor masses were detected on CT scan in 10(77%) of 13 patients with early gastric cancer, while, the tumor masses were seen on CT scan in all patients with advanced gastric cancer. Of 9 patients with type 1 or type 2 enhancing pattern, early gastric cancer(T1) were proven in 7 patients(78%), serosal invasion (T3) in 2 patients(22%). In contrast, among 29 patients with type 4 and type 5, 22 patients(76%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3). Of 7 patients with type 3, 3 patients(43%) were proven as serosal invasion(T3), three(43%) as subserosal invasion(T2), one as early gastric cancer(T1). CONCLUSION: Analysis of morphological enhancing pattern on spiral CT is useful in predicting the depth of tumor invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
Biopsy ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Water

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Head* ; Neck*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of renal excretion of oral Gastrografin in gastric resectionpatients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seven days affter gastric resection, eight normal volunteers and 30 patientsunderwent abdominal and CT scanning before and 1-1.5 his after oral administiration of Gastrografin. Theattenuation coefficients of the bladder were measured and the maximal attenuation difference between pre-andpost-gastrografin administration was calculated. RESULTS: In the control group, there was no abnormal renalexcretion of oral Gastrografin, though in 83 % of patients(25 of 30), this was demonstrated as focal increase inthe density (> or = 20 HU) of the bladder and/or collecting system, or ureteral opacification. Mean maximal densitydifference was 84.4+/-82.9HU in the patient group (n=24), with renal excretion of enteral Gastrografin and,3.5+/-4.4 HU in the control group (n=7), with statistical significance (Student's t-test, p<0.01). No patientshowed either radiological or clinical evidence of direct leakage from the suture site. Patients who underwenttotal gastrectomy showed a higher maximal density difference than those in whom gastrectomy was subtotal. CONCLUSION: Unless direct leakage is visvalized on fluoroscopy or spot films, renal excretion of oralGastrografin should not be regarded as a sign of anastomotic leakage. Situations other than leakage, e. g.increased mucosal permeability or absorption, or increased bowel transit time in postoperative duration, should beconsidered as possible causes.
Absorption ; Administration, Oral* ; Anastomotic Leak ; Diatrizoate Meglumine* ; Fluoroscopy ; Gastrectomy ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Permeability ; Sutures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing organism that has been found in water, soil, and dust. Although it can colonize healthy persons without sequelae, it can also cause skin and soft tissue infections, pulmonary infections and other sequelaes and rarely, disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. But, infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria are probably markedly underdiagnosed and these organisms are capable of causing a wide spectrum of clinical disease. We experienced a case of wound infection with M. chelonae after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and report with review of literatures.
Colon ; Dust ; Gastrostomy* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mycobacterium chelonae* ; Mycobacterium* ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Soil ; Wound Infection* ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

PURPOSE: An attempt was made to determine if the pre-LASIK operative BAC-STAT LASIK Ring plays a role in reducing postoperative infection. METHODS: Candidates for this study were 72 eyes of 36 patients, scheduled to undergo LASIK operation. Eyes were divided into two groups: right eyes with preoperative BAC-STAT bacteriostatic LASIK Ring (BAC-STAT LASIK Ring: American Optisurgical Inc., Lake Forest, California, U.S.A.) and one minute of irrigation (experimental group), and left eyes with only preoperative BSS irrigation (control group). The authors tried to demonstrate a difference of identified pathogens between the two groups after a growth of bulboconjunctival lesion in blood agar plate (BAP), MacConkey agar plate (MCA), Thioglycolate medium broth (TG), and Ogawa egg medium. RESULTS: Among the patients receiving only BSS irrigation, pathogens were identified in eight eyes before surgery and in four eyes after surgery in BAP and MCA medium. Among the patients receiving BAC-STAT LASIK Ring and irrigation, pathogens were identified in nine eyes before surgery and in three eyes after surgery in BAP and MCA culture medium. In addition, among the control population, pathogens were found in 21 eyes both before and after surgery in TG culture medium. However, among the experimental population, pathogens were grown in 23 eyes before surgery but in only 14 eyes after surgery. No growth of pathogens was reported in all patients before and after surgery in a 4-week Ogawa egg culture medium. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that preoperative BAC-STAT LASIK Ring insertion followed by irrigation decreases the incidence of postoperative infection.
Agar ; California ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lakes ; Ovum ; Thiram