The study was undertaken to evaluate the heat resistance by split dose hyperthermia in various time intervaland temperature. For the experiments, 96 mice were divided into 2 groups: the first, 36 mice were used to evaluatethe skine reaction of mouse tail to single dose hyperathermia, the second, 60 mice were used to evaluate heatresistance by split dose hyperthermia in variuos time intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows;1. The ND was 101 minutes at 43degrees centigrade(C) and 24 minutes at 45degrees C. 2. For a 1degrees C increasein temperature, a half in time was required to same degree of skin reaction. 3. Heat resistance was significantlydeveloped in split dose hyperthermia at 43degrees C and 45degrees C. 4. Development, maximum and decay of heatresistance were constant regardless of change in temperature. In summary, heat resistance in split dosehyperthermia is important in study and clinical application of heat therapy in malignant disease.
Animals ; Fever ; Heart ; Hot Temperature ; Mice ; Skin ; Tail

PURPOSE: Atrial ectopic tachycardia (AET) in older children and adult is characterized by being chronic, incessant and intractable. However, the nature of infantile AET is not defined yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience of infantile AET. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 13 infants (mean onset age, 2.8 +/- 2.3 months) diagnosed at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from June, 1988 to June, 1996. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (AT) and postoperative AT were excluded. RESULTS: AET was presented with congestive heart failure in 8, fast heart rate in 4 and associated cardiac defect in 1. During tachycardia, atrial rates ranged 150-300 beats/min (mean +/- SD, 214 +/- 45 beats/min). Four had associated cardiac anomalies: atrial septal defects in 3, multiple cardiac tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis in 1. All infants with AET were received medical therapy: digoxin (D) only (4), D+beta-blocker (1), D+amiodarone (4), D+flecainide (3), D+amiodarone+flecainide+beta-blocker (1). Conventional drug with digoxin was partially effective. In intractable 7 cases, combination of D, amiodarone and/or class Ic drug (flecainide) was necessary to control AET. This medical regimen suppressed AET in all. During follow up (mean +/- SD, 37.1 +/- 15.8 months), all except 1 recovered from AET. In 1 with large atrial septal defect, AET could be controlled only after operation. A case died of sepsis. CONCLUSION: In this study, infantile AET showed good prognosis and resolved during follow up. Medical management was possible in all cases. However, proper selection and combination of complex antiarrhythmic drug, including amiodarone and class Ic drugs were necessary to control AET in almost all the cases.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amiodarone ; beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea ; Child ; Digoxin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Heart Neoplasms ; Heart Rate ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Infant* ; Medical Records ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Tachycardia ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial* ; Tuberous Sclerosis

No abstract available.
Chlorambucil* ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Meningitis, Aseptic*

No abstract available.
Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Retina*

The Study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of perception in nursing activities. The data of this study were collected by self-reported questionnaire composed of 5 point rating scale measure the ideal level and the performance level of nurses activity. For the analysis of the data, percentage, MANOVA and ANOVA were 231 nurses in 3 general hospitals in Taegu. Data was administrated from October 4 through 14, 1994. The results were as follow : 1. The average mean score for the ideal level was 4.19 with a maximum possible score 5 points. The highest mean score was Infection Control and the lowest mean score was nutrition. The average mean score for the performance level was 3.75, the highest mean score was fluid and electrolyte, the lowest mean score was nutrition. In the desirable nursing performance, Education was found the highest response above charge nurse, Medication was found the highest response above General nurse, environment was found the highest response above aide. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level and the performance level, significant difference was found in age, position, career, marital status, occupation satisfaction, Nursing unit, parent. 3. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level and the performance level and the general characteristics, significant difference was found in marital status in the ideal level of direct nursing care, significant difference was found in age, position, marital status, nursing unit in the ideal level of indirect nursing care, significant difference was found in age, position, career, marital status, occupation satisfaction, nursing unit in the performance level of direct nursing care. significant difference was found in age(25-29) and above 30 career(4-7 and 7), occupation satisfaction(good and moderate, good and poor) in Scheffe test of the performance level of direct nursing care.
Daegu ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Marital Status ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Occupations ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was carried out for purpose of investigating the degree of perception in the First clinical practice. The data of this study were collected by self-reported questionnaire composed of 5 point rating scale measure the ideal level, satisfaction level and Stress level. For the analysis of the data, percentage, MANOVA, ANOVA and Scheffe test were 216 nursing students in 1 Junior college and 2 university in Taegu. Data was administrated from October 4 through 13, 1994 The results were as follow : 1. The average mean Score for the ideal level was 3.91 with a maximum possible score 5 points. The highest mean score was infection control 4.40 and the lowest mean score was comfort measure 3.44. The average mean score for the satisfaction level was 3.33 with a maximum possible score 5 points. The highest mean score was Medication 3.54 and the lowest mean score was communication 3.01. The average mean score for stress level was 3.10 with a maximum possible score 5 points. The highest mean score was spiritual and psychological care 3.45, the lowest mean score was Temperature control 2.51. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level, Satisfaction level and Stress level, no significant difference was found in college and university, religion, admission, satisfaction, health, economy, parent. 3. In the analysis of the relationship between the ideal level, satisfaction level, stress level and general characteristics, significant difference was found in economic status in the ideal level. Significant difference was found in economic status(upper class, middle class) in Scheffe test of the ideal level.
Daegu ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Nursing* ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Retina* ; Rodentia*

The determination of the degree and ability of recovery of obstructive hydronephrosis is important in treatment and prediction of prognosis. Among the various methods in determination of the status of kidney, intravenous pyelography is the most important tool to evaluate the morphological and functional changes of kidney in vivo. The purpose of this experiment was the determination of process and recoverability of hydronephrosis depend on duration of unilateral uretreal obstruction. For the experiment, 32 rats were divided into 2 groups; the first group of 12 rats were used to determine the process of hydronephrosis during 1 to 4 weeks of unilateralureteral ligation and the second group of 20 rats were used to determine the recoverability of hydronephrotic kidney depend on same duration of ureteral ligation following relief of ligation. Intravenous pyelography as undertaken and renal angiography, gross and microscopic examination were added. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Kidney enlargement and pelvic dilatation were progressively increased with a relation to duration of ureteral obstruction until 4 weeks. 2. Renal excretory function is not impaired until 3 weeks obstruction, but rapidly impaired to nonfunctioning in 4 weeks obstruction. 3. Renal recovery was possible following relief of ureteral ligation within 3 weeks of ureteral obstruction, but histopathological and functional recovery were impossible in 4 weeks of ureteral ligation. 4. There is no direct correlation between duration of obstruction and recoverability following relief within 3 weeks of uretral obstruction. 5. Intravenous pyelographyis a simple and accurate method to determine the degree of obstructive hydronephrosis and to evaluate morphological and functional recovery of kidney following relief of obstruction.
Angiography ; Animals ; Dilatation ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ligation ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Rats ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urography