No abstract available.
Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care*

The effects of ethyl alcohol and pig serum administration on the development of preneoplastic hepatic enzyme-altered foci were examined in an in vivo mid-term assay system. Rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/Kg) intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Two weeks later, treatment was started with 10% ethanol + 10% sucrose solution, 10% sucrose solution, or tap water as drinking water for 6 weeks with or without intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum twice a week. All rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3. The modification potentials were evaluated by comparing the number and area per cm2 of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) foci in the liver of each group. As a result, ethanol significantly enhanced the development of GST-P+ foci. Unfortunately, the porcine serum injection produced no hepatic fibrosis and no significant alteration in GST-P+ foci.
Animals ; Diethylnitrosamine/*toxicity ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glutathione Transferase/*metabolism ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/enzymology ; Male ; Placenta/drug effects/*enzymology ; Precancerous Conditions/*chemically induced/enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Survival Rate ; Swine

PURPOSE: This study was to identify and to search the related disposition of the pattern of anxiety and coping in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome through the use of Q-methodology. METHOD: 34 Q-samples were finally selected in the concept of anxiety and coping. A P-sample of 35 was selected the mothers of children with nephortic syndrome. The result of the Q-sorting was coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. RESULT: There were 3 types of special opinion. The first type is called " Pursuit of hope type." Members of this type were cope with the anxiety by spiritual behavior like a pray, positive thinking. The second type is called "Worry about reality type." Members of this type were to be filled with apprehension like an indigestion, insomnia. The third type is called " Solving problem type." Members of this type were cope with the humanity effort by conversation. CONCLUSION: The mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome were used various coping patterns to cope with the anxiety conditions that their child were result from admission to hospital and treatment of the disease. Therefore, nursing assessment and nursing intervention skills have to develop in consideration of the subjectivity of coping about anxiety in each individual.
Anxiety* ; Child* ; Dyspepsia ; Hope ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Nursing ; Nursing Assessment ; Q-Sort ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thinking ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care. METHODS: A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7-point Likert scale (-3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods. RESULTS: Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a new experience", "during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family", "after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event" and "with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS" were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, "SARS-patient caring would be a challenge" "SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility", "tension during the care of SARS patients" and "support from team members" were the significant determinants of the intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Psychological Theory ; Regression Analysis ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*nursing

No abstract available.
Anemia, Neonatal* ; Fetal Blood* ; Infant, Newborn

Purpose: This study considers the variables related to self-leadership of Korean nursing students and verifies the results of precedent studies through meta-analysis. Methods: This study selected a total of 48 precedent studies regarding the investigation of the correlation between variables related to self-leadership of nursing students conducted between 2009 and 2019 and carried out a meta-analysis. Results: For the effect size of variables related to self-leadership of nursing students, individual characteristics had a medium effect size (ESr=.49) and the effect size was larger for meta-cognition (ESr=.65), emotional intelligence (ESr=.58), and self-efficacy (ESr=.54). The characteristics of nursing competency (ESr=.45) also had a medium effect size and the effect size was larger for professional self-concept (ESr=.60), social support (ESr=.58), and critical thinking (ESr=.56). This result shows that individual characteristics were highly correlated with self-leadership compared to the characteristics of nursing competency. Conclusion This study is significant in that it verified the effect of variables related to self-leadership and presented the direction and preliminary data for a follow-up study. It is necessary to include variables considering individual characteristics in the development of an educational program for improving self-leadership in the future.

PURPOSE: Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. Recently, PLD has been drawing much attentions and considered to be associated with cancer process since it is involved in cellular signal transduction. In this experiment, oleate-PLD activities were measured in various tissues of the living rats after whole body irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The reaction mixture for the PLD assay contained 0.1microCi 1,2-di[1-14C]palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, 0.5mM phosphatidylcholine, 5mM sodium oleate, 0.2% taurodeoxycholate, 50mM HEPES buffer (pH 6.5), 10mM CaCl2, and 25mM KF. phosphatidic acid, the reaction product, was separated by TLC and its radioactivity was measured with a scintillation counter. The whole body irradiation was given to the female Wistar rats via Cobalt 60 Teletherapy with field size of 10cm x 10cm and an exposure of 2.7Gy per minute to the total doses of 10Gy and 25Gy. RESULTS: Among the tissues examined, PLD activity in lung was the highest one and was followed by kidney, skeletal muscle, brain, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and liver. Upon irradiation, alteration of PLD activity was observed in thymus, spleen, lung, and bone marrow. Especially PLD activities of the spleen and thymus revealed the highest sensitivity toward gamma-ray with more than two times amplification in their activities. In contrast, the PLD activity of bone marrow appears to be reduced to nearly 30%. Irradiation effect was hardly detected in liver which showed the lowest PLD activity. CONCLUSION: The PLD activities affected most sensitively by the whole-body irradiation seem to be associated with organs involved in immunity and hematopoiesis. This observation strongly indicates that the PLD is closely related to the physiological function of these organs. Furthermore, radiation stress could offer an important means to explore the phenomena covering from cell proliferation to cell death on these organs.
Animals ; Attention ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Choline ; Cobalt ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; HEPES ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Oleic Acid ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipase D* ; Phospholipases* ; Radiation Effects ; Radioactivity ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Scintillation Counting ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium ; Spleen ; Taurodeoxycholic Acid ; Thymus Gland ; Whole-Body Irradiation

No abstract available.
HLA-DR Antigens* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Na, K intake and stress level on the blood pressure and urinary excretion of Na, K in the third grade lacto-ovo vegetable male high school students. Twenty-one lacto-ovo vegetarian male high school students were selected, and their physical state, stress level, dietary intake and urinary excretion of Na, K were measured followed by examining the relationship among these factors and blood pressure. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. The average age of the subjects was 17.7 years, and the average score of BMI was 20.4. The average score of Rohrer and blood pressure were 119.1, 112.3/7.5mmHg, each. All of these were in a normal range. Daily calorie intake was 2676.8kcal and Na, K intakes were 152.76mEq, respectively. 2. 71.4% of subjects were susceptible to the disease associated with stress, although there was no significant difference among the salt level, stress and blood pressure. 3. There was significant difference between dietary Na intake ratio, urinary Na excretion and urinary K excretion rate (p<0.001). 4. There was significant difference between systolic blood pressure and BMI/Rohrer score(p<0.01).
Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Male* ; Reference Values ; Vegetables

Although cadmium is a well known heavy metal which has an influence testis and brings about male infertility, the mechanism of action in the testis is still fully unknown. In these experiment, cadmium chloride 4 mg/kg of body weight administered intraperitoneally to the rat (Sprague-Dawley) and sacrificed after 1 week, and morphological changes were observed by LM and TEM. In addition, electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting and N-terminal analysis performed to reveal the protein changes. 1. Major findings under light microscope were hemorrhagic necrosis and death of all the spermatogenic cells and supporting cells within the seminiferous tubules, and decreased volume of ECM, many apoptotic bodies, and death of interstitial cells and fibroblasts within interstitium. 2. The EM findings were disruption of nuclear membrane and disappearance of cell organelles of spermatogenic cells and supporting cells within seminiferous tubules, and decreased filopodia, increased inclusion bodies, vacuolation and apoptotic changes of the interstitial cells and fibroblastic cells, many short electron-dense collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of interstitium. 3. Two proteins of molecular weight 42 kDa and 21 kDa which disappeared after cadmium treatment were rat collagen type I alpha 2. According to the above results, it is considered that cadmium degrades the collagen of the wall of small blood vessels within seminiferous tubules and interstitium and disrupts vascular walls, which results hemorrhagic necrosis, death of all the spermatogenic cells, and the death of interstitial cells and fibroblastic cells.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Blotting, Western ; Body Weight ; Cadmium Chloride* ; Cadmium* ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Electrophoresis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Immunoprecipitation ; Inclusion Bodies ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Necrosis ; Nuclear Envelope ; Organelles ; Pseudopodia ; Rats* ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis*