No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Neck*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Survival Analysis*

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed to quantify the complex dynamics of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate(FHR) fluctuations by using approximate entropy(ApEn) which is a recently developed mathematical formula quantifying regularity and also to determine the differences between normal fetuses and growth retarded fetuses. BACKGROUND: Recently, some measures of heart rate variability and nonlinear "complexity" of heart rate dynamics have been used as indicators fetal well-being. Approximate entropy is a new mathematical approach and formula to quantify regularity in data. It has been shown to provide new information in fetal heart rate analysis. Because growth retarded fetus accounts for a significant increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, than normal fetus, we postulated that there existed important differences between normal fetuses and growth retarded fetuses. METHODS: We analyzed FHR tracings for 40 minutes, and approximately 5,000 points in normal fetuses(n=315) and growth retarded fetuses(n=76). The overall "complexity" of each FHR time series was quantified by its approximate entropy, measure of regularity derived from nonlinear dynamics, "chaos theory". RESULTS: Mean baseline FHR increased in growth retarded fetuses than normal fetuses. And the FHR ApEn significantly decreased in growth retarded fetuses(ApEn=0.623) compared to that of the normal fetuses(ApEn=0.868) throughout all gestational ages(p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ApEn of FHR decreased in growth retarded fetuses throughout all gestational ages. These findings indicated that decreased ApEn values of FHR are associated with sickness and the greater perinatal morbidity risks. Therefore ApEn quantifies subtle changes in FHR regularity and promises for new information in FHR analysis.
Entropy* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Mortality ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the expressions, microvessel counts and angiogenic pathway of VEGF and PD-ECGF and proliferative activity of Ki-67 according to clinicopathologic feature of cervical tumor. METHODS: Two hundred three cervical specimens were evaluated; among these 20 were designated normal epithelium, 36 mild dysplasia, 28 moderate dysplasia, 36 severe dysplasia, 28 carcinoma in situ, 17 microinvasive carcinoma and 38 invasive cervical carcinoma (21 squamous cell carcinoma and 17 adenocarcinoma). Microvessel count was determined by immunohistochemical staining using anti-factor VIII-related monoclonal antibody. The expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and PD-ECGF (platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor) were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human VEGF monoclonal antibody and anti-dThdPase monoclonal antibody. The proliferative activity was examined using a Ki-67 equivalent monoclonal antibody (MIBl). RESULT: There was no statistical significance on microvessel count except invasive cancer comparing with mild dysplasia including normal tissue, but there was a little increase in microvessel counts according to severity of tumor. The intensity of VEGF and PD-ECGF expression was significantly correlated with severity of cervical tumor. And the microvessel density was significantly higher in the positive expression of VEGF and PD-ECGF than in the negative expression. The intensity of PD-ECGF expression in invasive adenocarcinoma was significantly lower in comparison with VEGF expression. The intensity of Ki-67 expression had no correlation with severity of cervical tumor and was significantly higher in moderate and severe dysplasia than in microinvasive and invasive carcinoma. Ki-67 expression had no statistical correlation with VEGF and PD-ECGF. CONCLUSION: The VEGF and PD-ECGF are important angiogenic factors and associated with progression of cervical tumor. The VEGF may be involved in the progressions of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but the PD-ECGF may not be involved or be minimally involved in the progression of adenocareinoma. There seems to be a different angiogenic pathway pertaining to the histologic difference of cervical cancer. There was no difference of Ki-67 expression according to severity of cervical tumor.
Adenocarcinoma ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Microvessels ; Thymidine Phosphorylase* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Cytogenetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

No abstract available in English.
Torticollis

The giant intra-articular osteochondroma of the knee is very rare and is probably result of synovial metaplasia of the fibrous capsule or of the adjacent connencive tissue of a joint, and of the fragment of articular cartilage. The gross findings and histology are consistent with the osteochondroma. The authors experienced a case of giant intra-articular osteochondroma of the right knee in a 19 years old man who had history of knee injury when he was 16 years old. The mass was excised and the symptome was relieved.
Cartilage, Articular ; Joints ; Knee Injuries ; Knee ; Metaplasia ; Osteochondroma

The double pylorus-is a fistulous communication between the gastric antrum and duodenal bulb, usually extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the superior aspect of the duodenal bulb, and seperated by septum or bridge of normal mucosa. Although its incidence is rare, reports concerning double pylorus are increasing with the recent development of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and more awareness of this abnormality. We recently experienced two cases of double pylorus; an aquired one in 72-year old male who had an another opening with healing ulcer at the superior aspect of the original pyloric channel, central erosion with clubbing and fusion of mucosal folds at the greater curvature of the lower body and a 3 x 4 cm sized ulcer at the lesser curvature of the lower body, and the other congenital one in 53-year old male who had an another opening at the superior aspect of the original pyloric channel with histologically intact muscularis mucosa in the pyloric septum with no evidence of chronic peptic ulcer scarring. We report here two cases of double pylorus, one-acquired, and the other-congenital, with a review of the literature.
Aged ; Cicatrix ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pyloric Antrum ; Pylorus ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice*

Background : The approximate entropy of heart rate variability has recently been used as a tool in evaluating cardiovascular health and physiology and in diagnosing pertubated physiologic status, by quantifying the irregularity and the pattern of the heart rate variability. Therefore approximate entropy of the fetal heart rate variability will be used as an important tool in studying the fetal cardiovascular health and disease, but unfortunately there have been no previous systematic studies of the approximate entropy in normal fetuses. This study's aim has been to present the normal approximate entropy values of the fetal heart rate variability according to the gestational age, to demonstrate the developmental maturation of physiology of the control systems of the heart rate, and to quantify the evolution of the pattern of fetal heart rate variability. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty seven mothers with normal singleton pregnancies, who were 20 weeks or more of gestational age, were randomly chosen. For more than 40 minutes fetal heart rates and fetal movements were recorded and were downloaded to a computer. From each heart rate data, 5000 points ('total') of heart rate during which fetal movements occured and 1200 points ('rest') during which no fetal movement occured were selected and the approximate entropy was calculated, and then 2 weeks' average of the approximated entropy of the heart rate were calculated and compared to find the maturational differences of them. RESULTS: The approximate entropy of the rest period showed a tendency to increase with advancing gestation (p=0.0001). It was significantly higher between the 41st-42nd week (0.987 +/-0.017) than the period before the 24 th week (0.864+/-0.032) and between the 25th-26th week (0.868+/-0.022). (p<0.05). The approximate entropy of the total period showed another tendency (p<0.05): from a low level before the 24 th week (0.788+/-0.067) it increased to reach its peak at the 29th-30 th week (0.963+/-0.041) then it gradually decreased again to significantly (p<0.05) lower levels at the 37th-38th week (0.776+/-0.046) and the 39th-40th week (0.786+/-0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Normal value of approximate entropy, which is bound to be used as an index in evaluating the fetal well-being, has been presented from 20th to 42th week of gestation with an interval of two weeks. The systems that control the heart rate seem to mature consistently as gestation advances, but before the 26th week it is significantly more immature than at term. Fetal heart rate variability evolves from an immature oscillating pattern into a transitional patternless pattern during the second trimester and finally consolidates into a mature accelerational pattern during the third trimester.
Entropy* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetal Movement ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Physiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Reference Values