OBJECTIVES: This study is to investigate the hypothesis that schizophrenic patients have difficulty in inferring mental state of others. METHODS: Twenty schizophrenic patients and twenty normal subjects were administered to the Cartoon Task required inferring the character's intention in a given context. RESULTS: The schizophrenic patients showed a statistically significant impairment in the Cartoon Task. Both groups chose the card depicting a frequent everyday action significantly more rather than the similar card to the last picture in each story for wrong answers. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a specific deficit of the cognitive ability referred to as social cognition, and this deficit can be detected not only in the acute phase as found in previous research studies, but also in remission. Also when subjects fail to appreciate what is going on in the minds of other people, they seem to rely on a socially familiar experience.
Cognition* ; Humans ; Intention ; Schizophrenia*

Alveolar Bone Loss ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Prognosis ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplants

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia, Local ; Arterial Pressure ; Conscious Sedation ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Midazolam ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Oxygen ; Skin ; Surgery, Oral ; Surgical Procedures, Minor ; Vital Signs

We experienced a case of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva dissecting into the ventricular dseptum. This dissection was induced by paravalvular leakage after aortic and mitral valve replacement. This 37-year-old male was admitted via emergency room due to progressive dyspnea. He had undergone aortic valve replacement(carbomedic(R) 23 mm) and mitral valve replacement(carbomedic(R) 31 mm) due to aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation about 6 years prior to admission and followed up regularly. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography and reconfirmed by root aortography. The inlet of the ventricular septal aneurysmal sac was repaired by one layer suture with 3-0 prolene of the endocardium, epicardium and homograft muscle shoulder altogether. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 11th postoperative day.
Adult ; Allografts ; Aneurysm* ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortography ; Bays ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Endocardium ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pericardium ; Polypropylenes ; Shoulder ; Sinus of Valsalva* ; Sutures ; Ventricular Septum*