The feature of congenitial hand anomalies is multiple and complex. Polydactyly and syndactyly is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the upper limb. The statistical analysis of these anomaly is the basic study of congenital hand anomalies. However, the number of reports is small. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze objective data and make a nation-wide statistical report on polydactyly and syndactyly. We used data from the National Health Insurance Corporation for reviewing polydactyly and syndactyly. We reviewed 3 years of data from 1998 to 2000 focusing on age, the number of operations, male to female ratio, the duration of hospital care and cost. The number of operations for polydactyly was 694 cases and for syndactyly was 574 cases. Therefore we may assume that polydactyly occurs 1:910 births and syndactyly occurs 1:1101 births. The duration of hospital care for polydactyly was 12 days and for syndactyly was 17 days. The full cost for the correction of polydactyly was 770,000 won and syndactyly was 1,220,000 won. The ratio of polydcatyly and syndactyly was 1.12:1. The operation for polydactyly and syndactyly was performed between the age of 1 and 2 in most cases. Male to female ratio of polydactyly was 1.14 :1 and syndactyly was 1.39:1. This study will be helpful to find appropriate treatment for congenital hand anomalies.
Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; National Health Programs* ; Parturition ; Polydactyly* ; Syndactyly* ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Animals ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats*

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between perceived occu-pational psychosocial stress at work and the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among employees using video display terminals. The study included 111 female telecommunication employees from three companies at ChungBuk province. Cases of WRMSD were defined using symptom questionnaire and physical examination conducted by rehabilitation specialist. Information on demographics, individual factors, and perceived psychosocial stress, were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. For assessing perceived psychosocial stress, we used variables from 'job strain model' proposed by Karasek. Associations between perceived psychosocial stress and WRMSD were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. Forty nine (44% to the total) subjects met our operational definition for WRMSD. Age, seniority, housing load were not associated with WRMSD. Perceived psychosocial stress was associated with WRMSD [odds ratio=3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-10.19]. This study suggests that perceived occupational psychosocial stress is related to the prevalence of WRMSD.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Computer Terminals* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Housing ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Specialization ; Telecommunications

Gangliocytic paraganglioma is an uncommon tumor of digestive system that is usually found in the second portion of duodenum. It is generally considered benign tumor, although few reports of local recurrences and regional lymph node metastases have been made. Gangliocytic paraganglioma is characterized by its histologic pattern including ganglion cells, spindle cells and epithelioid cells. Heterotopic pancreas, also known as ectopic pancreas, is a pancreatic tissue appeared outside of its normal location lacking anatomic or vascular connection with the pancreas. In duodenum, it is a relatively unusual lesion that may be found incidentally during surgery or endoscopy. We present a case of 39-year-old woman with gangliocytic paraganglioma combined with heterotopic pancreas in the ampulla of Vater successfully treated by endoscopic resection.
Adult ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Digestive System ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Paraganglioma* ; Recurrence

Gangliocytic paraganglioma is an uncommon tumor of digestive system that is usually found in the second portion of duodenum. It is generally considered benign tumor, although few reports of local recurrences and regional lymph node metastases have been made. Gangliocytic paraganglioma is characterized by its histologic pattern including ganglion cells, spindle cells and epithelioid cells. Heterotopic pancreas, also known as ectopic pancreas, is a pancreatic tissue appeared outside of its normal location lacking anatomic or vascular connection with the pancreas. In duodenum, it is a relatively unusual lesion that may be found incidentally during surgery or endoscopy. We present a case of 39-year-old woman with gangliocytic paraganglioma combined with heterotopic pancreas in the ampulla of Vater successfully treated by endoscopic resection.
Adult ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Digestive System ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas* ; Paraganglioma* ; Recurrence

To determine the recovery time from noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS), a prospective field study was conducted at three worksites where workers are known to be exposed high level of noise. Subjects were selected according to answers on a questionnaire which inquired about otological history and previous noise exposure, including avocational, military and occupational exposures. After excluding employees with past otologic problems, recent exposure to high level noise, and under medications, total 92 employees participated in the study. Among 92 participants, complete consecutive audiometric examinations were carried out at 0~2 hours, 5~7 hours, 14~16 hours after worktime noise exposure on 26 participants wearing hearing protectors and 22 participants wearing no protective devices. The difference between the hearing level 0~2 hours after noise exposure and 5~7 hours is statistically significant by paired t-test(p<0.01). The median recovery times calculated from the data of 22 participants wearing no protective hearing devices are 15.6 hours at 4000 Hz, and 7.7 hours, 10.3 hours, 8.4 hours at 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz respectively. These data suggest that when measuring the pure tone audiometry for noise exposed workers, at least 16 hours noise-free interval is required.
Audiometry ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Noise ; Occupational Exposure ; Prospective Studies ; Protective Devices ; Questionnaires ; Workplace

To determine the recovery time from noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS), a prospective field study was conducted at three worksites where workers are known to be exposed high level of noise. Subjects were selected according to answers on a questionnaire which inquired about otological history and previous noise exposure, including avocational, military and occupational exposures. After excluding employees with past otologic problems, recent exposure to high level noise, and under medications, total 92 employees participated in the study. Among 92 participants, complete consecutive audiometric examinations were carried out at 0~2 hours, 5~7 hours, 14~16 hours after worktime noise exposure on 26 participants wearing hearing protectors and 22 participants wearing no protective devices. The difference between the hearing level 0~2 hours after noise exposure and 5~7 hours is statistically significant by paired t-test(p<0.01). The median recovery times calculated from the data of 22 participants wearing no protective hearing devices are 15.6 hours at 4000 Hz, and 7.7 hours, 10.3 hours, 8.4 hours at 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz respectively. These data suggest that when measuring the pure tone audiometry for noise exposed workers, at least 16 hours noise-free interval is required.
Audiometry ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Noise ; Occupational Exposure ; Prospective Studies ; Protective Devices ; Questionnaires ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE: The Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndrome (SIPS) from Yale University is intended to diagnose prodromal syndrome of psychosis and to measure the severity of prodromal symptoms. Here, a Korean version of SIPS is presented, and its reliability, validity, and factor structures are examined using a representative Korean sample. METHODS: The Korean version of SIPS was administered to 40 participants over a period of 1 year. The inter-rater reliability and internal consistency of the SIPS were then evaluated. In addition, its factor structure was investigated using principal-axis factor analysis. Concurrent validity was explored using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Of the 40 subjects, 12.5% developed psychotic disorders during the 1-year follow-up period. Inter-rater reliability was good (intra-class correlations=0.96), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=0.83). A three-factor resolution displayed the best simple structure and accounted for 52.6% of all item variance. Factors 1 and 2 showed strong correlations with negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, respectively, on the PANSS. Factor 3 was not correlated with any factor on the PANSS. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of SIPS is a reliable instrument for the assessment of prodromal symptoms in subjects and may be used to evaluate prodromal psychosis.
Follow-Up Studies ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Psychotic Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Thrombosis

Objectives: . To compare the surgical outcomes of externally monitored and conventional buried flaps with the goal of determining the usefulness of external monitoring of buried flaps. Methods: . In this case-control study with propensity score matching, 30 patients were evenly divided into externally monitored buried flap and conventional buried flap groups. The total operative time for free flap reconstruction, the flap survival rate, the length of hospital stay, the initial time of a reliable visual assessment, complications, the final diet achieved, and the duration until diet initiation were compared between the groups. Results: . The mean operative time for reconstruction was 115 minutes (interquartile range, 85–150 minutes) and 142 minutes (interquartile range, 95–180 minutes) in the externally monitored and conventional groups, respectively (P= 0.245). The median length of hospital stay was 24 days (interquartile range, 18–30 days) and 27 days (interquartile range, 20–41 days) in the externally monitored and conventional groups, respectively (P=0.298). The median duration until diet initiation was 15 days (interquartile range, 15–21 days) and 18 days (interquartile range, 15–34 days) in the externally monitored and conventional groups, respectively (P=0.466). The final diet, initial time of a reliable visual assessment, and complications were comparable between the groups, but the external skin paddle provided an excellent visual assessment immediately postoperatively in all cases. Conclusion . The outcomes were comparable between the groups, indicating that externalization of the cutaneous component of a buried flap may be a straightforward and useful technique for monitoring a buried anterolateral thigh free flap in laryngopharyngeal reconstructions. The salvage and false-positive rates of compromised flaps should be compared in large subject groups in future studies to prove that the use of an external skin paddle improves flap monitoring.