No abstract available.
Asthma*

Air pollution in the traffic areas in Seoul during the winter season was studied. The average level of sulfur dioxide concentration was 0.24 ppm through the day. Lowest was 0.14 ppm at 2~4 P.M. when the highest vertical temperature gradient was indicated, and 0.33~0.29 ppm during 10 P.M. to 8 A.M. at night. Average level of dust was 4.65 mppcf (2.1~12.8 mppcf) and higher levels were shown at 10 A.M., 6 P.M. and 10 P.M. as 5.44, 4.73 and 5.01 mppcf respectively. The noise level in the main traffic areas was 73.5 db in the average during this survey, 75.1 db in the daytime and 65.6 db in the night (11 P.M. ~7 A.M.) in the average. Various air pollutants in auto-exhaust gases and noise of automobiles were studied, since those are main sources of nuisance in the traffic areas. Carbon monoxide in the "Corona" taxi, formaldehyde in the jeep, and carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide in the "Senara" taxi were measured respectively in high concentration and there was no significant difference in other gases among the various type of vehides. As regards average Overall noise level at ordinary driving speeds, heavy vehicles emitted much more noise (30 KPH) (82.2~83.5 db) than light vehicles such as taxi (40~5O KPH) (71.5-80.2 db). The noise level when starting heavy vehicles was higher 88.5 db(94.2 phon) on the average and that of light vehicles was lower 69.4 db (76.2 phon). There were two types of automobile horn noise in the octave band; one was in 1,000 cps and the other 2,000~4,000cps. The average horn noise level of automobiles was 98 db (107.8 phon), with 106 db (11.05 phon) maximum and 88.8db (99.5 phon) minimum. In the epidemiological study of CO poisoning in urban areas, there were 260 deaths out of 532 patients in 201 incidents of poisoning occurring on a total of 128 days during January 1964 to Dec. 1966. The concentration of co in the main living rooms and kitchens was detected as 58 and 112 ppm respectively, and the level of carboxyl-hemoglobin in the blood of housewives was relatively high, 11.2% on the average. In outside air maximal concentration of CO was 80 ppm in Shinchon-Dong an urban area.
*Air Pollution ; Korea ; *Noise

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined in 70 patients with hypertension, 40 patients with cerebral infarctions, and 41 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. The results were compared with findings in 64 healthy controls. The results are as follows; 1) Total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in patients with hypertension or cerebral infarction than in control group, but HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference. 2) In Patients with cerebral hemorrhage, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were higher than in normal controls. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was within the limits of normal. It is possible that the susceptibility to cerebral infarction is the result of high total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio rather than low HDL cholesterol. But our study suggests that hyperlipoproteinemia plays a minor role in the development of cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertension* ; Lipoproteins

Cystic parathyroid adenoma is one of the rare causes of hyperparathyroidism, and is usually located in neck and mediastinum. This type of adenoma tends to cause increased serum level of parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, similar serum calcium level when compared to those of solid adenoma. Thanks to current radioimmunoassay and easy accessibility to serum autoanalyzer, serum calcium level and parathyroid hormone level are more easily measured, which in turn lead to more easier diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Also improvement in imaging and nuclear diagnostic method of parathyroid lesion are suggested to enable easy diagnosis of cystic parathyroid adenoma. A 35-year-old male presented with easy fatigability for 12 months. The serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphotase were 11.5mg/dL, 1.4mg/dL, 194IU/L respectively and his parathyroid hormone level in serum was 126.42pg/mL. Neck CT showed enlargement of right lobe of thyroid gland with well defined inhomogenously enhanced density inside the right thyroid gland. The patient was diagnosed of hyperparathyroidim due to parathyroid adenoma and was surgically removed. The surgical biopsy showed cystic parathyroid adenoma. After operation his general condition was improved and serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone level were normalizd. We report a case of hyperparathyroidism caused by cystic parathyroid adenoma with brief review of literature.
Adenoma ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biopsy ; Calcium ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fructosamine*

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is uncommon in children. The relative rarity of thyroid infection is thought to reflect its complete fibrous encapsulation, generous vascular and lymphatic supply and high local iodine level. The bacterial involvement include the normal oropharyngeal microflora, and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy including anaerobic coverage should be utilized initially. We have experienced three cases of acute suppurative throiditis. All of them had painfull swelling on anterior cervical area and diagnosed by clinical and radiological features. Since two of them occured repeatedly, we report with brief review of literatures.
Child* ; Humans ; Iodine ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, childhood-onset, neuropsychiatric disorder with an estimated prevalence of 2–7.6% in Korean children. Although the etiology of ADHD is not well understood, evidence from genetic factor and environmental factor studies suggests that ADHD results from a gene environmental interaction. In the current study, we reviewed the evidence for and clinical implications of the hypothetical roles of organophosphate pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalate, bisphenol, polyfluoroalkyl chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, tobacco, alcohol as harmful risk factors in the development of ADHD.
Arsenic ; Cadmium ; Child ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Manganese ; Pesticides ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Tobacco

OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common disorder of the school-age population. ADHD is familial and genetic studies estimate heritability at 80–90%. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genetic type and alleles for RELNgene (rs736707, rs2229864, rs362746, rs362726, rs362691, rs1062831, rs607755, and rs2072403) in Korean children with ADHD. METHODS: The sample consisted of 180 ADHD children and 159 control children. We diagnosed ADHD according to DSM-IV. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with Conners' Parent Rating Scales and Dupaul Parent ADHD Rating Scales. Blood samples were taken from the 339 subjects, DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, and PCR was performed for RELN Polymorphism. Alleles and genotype frequencies were compared using the chi-square test. We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of RELN gene polymorphism in the ADHD and control groups. RESULTS: This study showed that there was a significant correlation among the frequencies of the rs736707 (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.03–1.90, p=0.031) of alleles of RELN, but the final conclusions are not definite. CONCLUSION: Follow up studies with larger patient or pure subgroups are expected. These results suggested that RELN might be related to ADHD symptoms.
Alleles ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Parents ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Weights and Measures