No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Humans

Ectopic pregnancies are unsuccessful pregnancies that result from implantation of fertilized ovum occurring inan aberrant area. Aside from an emergency case, the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is very difficultparticularly in a case with insidious onset and mild clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis not only reduces thedanger, but also simplifies the management of ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has been an indispensablediagnostic tool in obstetrics and Gynecology. In the authors' experience, clinical suspected ectopic pregnancy wasone of the common indications for performing ultrasonography. Since Kobayashi et al. reported the appearances ofextopic preganancy utilizing bistable B-scan ultrasonography, the ultrasonic findings of ectopic pregnancy havebeen reported by many authors. But, its accuracy and reliablity in the diagnosis of ectopic pregancy are stillopen to controversy. The authors studied 65 cases of clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy with Picker 80 L grayscale ultrasonography from Aug. 1982 to Jun. 1983. There were 29 confirmed cases, of which 15 were proved to haveextopic pregnancy and 14 were proved to have disease other than ectopic pregnancy by surgical andhistopathological study or by laparoscopy and histopatholoigcal study or by laparoscopy and follow up study. 29confirmed cases were reviewed. The resuls were as follows; 1. Among 15 ectopic pregnancies, there were 12ampullary pregnancies, 2 isthmic pregnancies and 1 interstitial pregancy. Among 14 cases of no ectopic pregnancy,there were 5 intrauterine pregnancies, 3 myoma uteri, 2 P.I.D., and 1 case of dermoid cyst, cystic teratoma,h-mole and tubal hematoma due to previous tubal ligation, respectively. 2. The age distribution of ectopicpregnancy was from 22 to 41 years. The common clinical manifestations of extopic pregnancy were lower abdominalpain (73.3%), vaginal spotting or bleeding (73.3%) and amenorrhea(66.7%). 3. Positive results of urine immunologicpregnancy test was 28.6% in ectopic pregnancy. 4. Ultrasonic findings of ectopic preganncy were as follows; 1) Nointrauterine gestational sac was observed in all cases except 1 interstitial pregnancy. Intrauterine fluidcollection was observed in 3 cases. Uterine displacement was observed in 10 cases. 2) Among 5 cases of rupturedtubal pregnancy, we observed predominantly cystic adnexal mass in 3 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 2cases, and cul-de-sac fluid in all cases. Among 9 cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy, we observed predominantlycystic adnexal mass in 2 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 7 cases, and cul-de- sac fluid in 3 cases. 3) Anechodense ring like structure was observed outside the uterus in 9 cases of tubal pregnancy. 4) In the case ofinterstitial pregnancy, eccentrically located gestational sac with overlying thin myometrium was observed withinthe uterus. 5) Fetal heart activity was noted outside the uterus with real time scanning in only 1 case of ectoicpregnancy. 5. Of 19 sonographically ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made n 14cases (73.7%). Of 29 confirmed cases, overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 79.3%. 6. By demonstrationintrauterine pregnancy or disease other than ectopic pregnancy such as myoma uteri, homole or ovarian cyst,ectopic pregnancy was ultrasonically excluded in 10 cases. Among above 10 cases, 1 case of ultasonically bilateralovarian cyst was proved to have ruptured tubal pregnancy combined with ovarian cyst. The accuracy of ultrasonicexclusion of ectopic pregnancy was 90%. In the authors'experience, ultrasonography was very helpful in theexclusion of extopic pregnancy.
Age Distribution ; Animals ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Sac ; Gynecology ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Laparoscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Interstitial ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus ; Zygote

Our experience with recurrent dislocation of the patella on ten knees in eight patients seen at Seoul National University Hospital during the last 2 years and eight months is reported. Five were female and three male. The age ranged from seven to 27 years. In four of the patients the onset was attributable to a definite history of trauma, while in one patient the dislocation was considered due to developmental anomalies and in another it was clearly congenital Still another patient had a progressively short limb due to premature closure of the distal femoral epiphysis with accompanying flexion-valgus deformity of the knee, presumably caused by an unrecognized infection during early childhood One adolescent girl had bilateral knock knees. The knock knees were treated successfully by supracondylar osteotomy and one post-traumatic knee by classical Roux-Goldthwait procedure with equally excellent result, The rest were treated by Greens vastus medialis transfer with division of the iliotibial band or reefing of the medial joint capsule when necessary. In one knee dislocation recurred, probably due to avulsion of the transferred vastus, and two knees had residual subluxation and limitation of flexion. The results on the remaining seven knees were excellent.
Adolescent ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Epiphyses ; Extremities ; Female ; Genu Valgum ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Patella ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Seoul

Fractures of the femoral head associated with hip dislocation are uncommon injury and all traumatic fracture-dislocation of the hip must be treated as surgical emergencies. But, there was no uniformity of treatment of fracture-dislocations of the hip were treated by operative and conservative methods in Chonbuk National University hospital were observed between March 1983 and January 1987; Operative treatment is included screw fixation method and fixation with bone pegs. And so, the followings were summsrized: 1. The most common cause was dash-board injury and patients sex was msle in majority. 2. Frequency of the type of femoral head fracture was the most in Pipkin type I, the next was type IV. 3. The better result was noted in operative treatment than in conservative method as above good. 4. Bone pegging method was relatively not superior to screw fixation. 5. The following complications were encountered, 1 case of sciatic nerve palsy, 1 case of traumatic arthritis.
Arthritis ; Clinical Study ; Clothing ; Dislocations ; Emergencies ; Head ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Methods ; Sciatic Neuropathy

The present study was performed to investigate the role catecholamine in the genesis of reperfusion injury of ischemic heart. The possible involvement of catecholamine in the xanthine oxidase-linked production of oxygen free radicals was studied. langendorff preparations of rat hearts were made ischemic for 60 min followed by reperfusion. Upon reperfusion norepinephrine(NE) was significantly released into the coronary effluent regardless of oxygenation of the perfusion solution. Both the increased releases of creatine phosphokinase(CPK) and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the production of superoxide anion in the ischemic-reperfused hearts were significantly reduced by the treatment with either reserpine, a catecholamine depletor, or propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. In the reserpinized hearts, infusion of exogenous NE reversed the releases of CPK and MDA and the superoxide anion production to the original higher levels. The releases of CPK and MDA as well as the production of superoxide anion induced by NE in the reserpinized hearts were significantly depressed either by allopurinol, a specific competitive inhibior of xanthine oxidase(XOD), or by the calcium removal from the perfusion solution. Compared with the XOD activity of control ischemic hearts, that of the hearts treated with reserpine or propranolol showed lower activity in the oxygen radical producing 0-form and higher activity in D/0-form. In the reserpinized ischemic hearts, infusion of exogenous NE increased 0-form, but decreased D/0-form of XOD. The changes in XOD activities induced by exogenous NE was prevented by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride(a serine protease inhibitor) and pimoxide(a calmodulin inhibitor) as well as by calcium removal from the perfusion solution. It is suggested from the results that in the inchemic-reperfused heart of rat catecholamine participates in D/0 to 0-form conversion of XOD by promoting the calcium-calmodulin-dependent proteolysis and plays a contributing role in the production of oxygen free radical.
Allopurinol ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calmodulin ; Creatine ; Free Radicals ; Heart* ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Propranolol ; Proteolysis ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Reserpine ; Serine Proteases ; Superoxides ; Xanthine Oxidase* ; Xanthine*

No abstract available.
Asthma*

The capacity of tobacco infusions of Korean cigarettes to activate the complement pathway was investigated in vitro by hemolytic assay. Complement activity was studied using samples of normal rabbit serum incubated at 37 degrees C with tobacco infusions. In all mixtures containing tobacco infusion A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I at a concentration of 0.1 : 1, total hemolytic complement showed a progressive decrease of 55.92%, 48.62%, 42.89%, 49.12%, 42.26%, 52.26%, 71.96%, 60.90%, and 61.14% respectively, after 60min of incubation. This study suggests that all tobacco infusions of Korean cigarettes are activators of complement.
Complement Activation* ; Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay ; Complement System Proteins* ; Tobacco Products ; Tobacco*

Pure red cell aplasia in uncommon disorder characterized by finding of anemia, absence of nucleated red blood cell in the marrow, absence of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and normal peripheral platelet and leukocytes counts. We experienced one case of pure red cell aplasia associated with hemolytic anemia characterized by hemoglobinuria, reticulocytopenia, and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. The cause of the illness was not definitely identified, but we concluded that this patient had simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia following administration of diphenylhydantoin after craniotomy rather than virus or bacteria induced. The simultaneous occurrence of PRCA and hemolytic anemia in uncommon and the mechanism for diphenylhydantoin induced PRCA and hemolytic anemia is unclear.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bacteria ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Craniotomy ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobinuria ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Phenytoin ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure* ; Reticulocytes

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined in 70 patients with hypertension, 40 patients with cerebral infarctions, and 41 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. The results were compared with findings in 64 healthy controls. The results are as follows; 1) Total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in patients with hypertension or cerebral infarction than in control group, but HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference. 2) In Patients with cerebral hemorrhage, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were higher than in normal controls. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was within the limits of normal. It is possible that the susceptibility to cerebral infarction is the result of high total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio rather than low HDL cholesterol. But our study suggests that hyperlipoproteinemia plays a minor role in the development of cerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertension* ; Lipoproteins

85 cases of neurosyphilis were observed in Seoul National University Hospital over 6-year period (1979-1984). They were analyzed with respect to clinical symptoms and signs in individual types, serological data in both blood and CSF, changes of cytochemical compositions in CSF, and other significant findings. And some coparisons with other reports were made. They ranged from 22 to 66 years in age with the peak incidence in the forties (41%). Ratio of male to female was observed to be 4.3:1. There were 27 cases of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (NS) (32%), 14 cases of tabes dorsalis (16%), 18 cases of general paresis (21%), 2 cases of taboparesis (2%), 7cases of vascular NS (8%), 6 cases of meningeal NS (7%), 4 cases of syphilitic eight nerve involvement (5%), 4 cases of late syphilitic ocular involvement including optic atrophy (5%), and 3 cases of spinal form (4%). Except in 4 self-referral cases, alimentary system symptoms or illnesses were the main prolbems in asymptomatic neurosyphilitics (48%). Most symptomatic cases had the similar clinical pictures as described in the previous reports but some cases appeared to be combined with symptoms and signs of different types. In tabes dorsalis, patients presented paresthesia and hypoactive DTRs in lower limbs as the most frequent features. According to predominant manifestations, there were 4 cases of dementic form and 14 cases of psychotic form in general paresis but in most cases both features overlapped each other. In 8 cases of general paresis brain CT scans were performed, which revealed diffuse cerebral atrophy in five. Focal abnormalities of vascular NS were most frequently found in temporal areas (4 in 7 cases). Meningeal irritation signs were observed only in one among 6 cases 6 meningeal NS. All cases of eighth nerve involvement showed sensorineural hearing loss at high-tone level. Compared with TPHA, which was used as a criterion for the patient selection, VDRL reactivity was 98% in serum and 49% in CSF. It is notable that as for general paresis and meningeal NS, higher reactivity and elevated titers of CSF VDRL were associated with increase of cells and total protein in CSF, suggesting higher disease activity in both types. Unlike those from other countries, the domestic studies including this report show that general paresis occupies a relatively higher proportion than tabes dorsalis in Korea.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Digestive System ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Neurosyphilis* ; Optic Atrophy ; Paresthesia ; Patient Selection ; Seoul ; Tabes Dorsalis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed