Ectopic pregnancies are unsuccessful pregnancies that result from implantation of fertilized ovum occurring inan aberrant area. Aside from an emergency case, the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is very difficultparticularly in a case with insidious onset and mild clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis not only reduces thedanger, but also simplifies the management of ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has been an indispensablediagnostic tool in obstetrics and Gynecology. In the authors' experience, clinical suspected ectopic pregnancy wasone of the common indications for performing ultrasonography. Since Kobayashi et al. reported the appearances ofextopic preganancy utilizing bistable B-scan ultrasonography, the ultrasonic findings of ectopic pregnancy havebeen reported by many authors. But, its accuracy and reliablity in the diagnosis of ectopic pregancy are stillopen to controversy. The authors studied 65 cases of clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy with Picker 80 L grayscale ultrasonography from Aug. 1982 to Jun. 1983. There were 29 confirmed cases, of which 15 were proved to haveextopic pregnancy and 14 were proved to have disease other than ectopic pregnancy by surgical andhistopathological study or by laparoscopy and histopatholoigcal study or by laparoscopy and follow up study. 29confirmed cases were reviewed. The resuls were as follows; 1. Among 15 ectopic pregnancies, there were 12ampullary pregnancies, 2 isthmic pregnancies and 1 interstitial pregancy. Among 14 cases of no ectopic pregnancy,there were 5 intrauterine pregnancies, 3 myoma uteri, 2 P.I.D., and 1 case of dermoid cyst, cystic teratoma,h-mole and tubal hematoma due to previous tubal ligation, respectively. 2. The age distribution of ectopicpregnancy was from 22 to 41 years. The common clinical manifestations of extopic pregnancy were lower abdominalpain (73.3%), vaginal spotting or bleeding (73.3%) and amenorrhea(66.7%). 3. Positive results of urine immunologicpregnancy test was 28.6% in ectopic pregnancy. 4. Ultrasonic findings of ectopic preganncy were as follows; 1) Nointrauterine gestational sac was observed in all cases except 1 interstitial pregnancy. Intrauterine fluidcollection was observed in 3 cases. Uterine displacement was observed in 10 cases. 2) Among 5 cases of rupturedtubal pregnancy, we observed predominantly cystic adnexal mass in 3 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 2cases, and cul-de-sac fluid in all cases. Among 9 cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy, we observed predominantlycystic adnexal mass in 2 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 7 cases, and cul-de- sac fluid in 3 cases. 3) Anechodense ring like structure was observed outside the uterus in 9 cases of tubal pregnancy. 4) In the case ofinterstitial pregnancy, eccentrically located gestational sac with overlying thin myometrium was observed withinthe uterus. 5) Fetal heart activity was noted outside the uterus with real time scanning in only 1 case of ectoicpregnancy. 5. Of 19 sonographically ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made n 14cases (73.7%). Of 29 confirmed cases, overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 79.3%. 6. By demonstrationintrauterine pregnancy or disease other than ectopic pregnancy such as myoma uteri, homole or ovarian cyst,ectopic pregnancy was ultrasonically excluded in 10 cases. Among above 10 cases, 1 case of ultasonically bilateralovarian cyst was proved to have ruptured tubal pregnancy combined with ovarian cyst. The accuracy of ultrasonicexclusion of ectopic pregnancy was 90%. In the authors'experience, ultrasonography was very helpful in theexclusion of extopic pregnancy.
Age Distribution ; Animals ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Sac ; Gynecology ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Laparoscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Interstitial ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus ; Zygote

Although the incidence of the Penicillium keratitis increases, there is no available reports from the literature. Dense, gray-whitish infiltration combined with ulceration was observed at the central cornea of 62-y-o-man. Hypopyon was observed also. Colonies on Sabouraud's agar showed light violet pigmentation. On the light microscopic examination of the recipicent cornea after penetrating keratoplasty, proliferation of the fungal hyphae in the deep corneal stroma was observed, but collagen fibers of the superficial stroma were re-formed over the necrotic stromal tissue. Electron microscopy showed a hiypha with triple cell wall.
Agar ; Cell Wall ; Collagen ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Hyphae ; Incidence ; Keratitis* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Microscopy, Electron ; Penicillium* ; Pigmentation ; Ulcer ; Viola

No abstract available.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1* ; Interleukin-6* ; Keratinocytes*

No abstract available.
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Esophageal Fistula* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Pyloric Stenosis*

PURPOSE: We analyzed the frequency and characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the patients without coronary artery calcification (CAC) by the use of multidetector row CT (MDCT). In addition, we analyzed patients with negative CAC to guarantee the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred-ten patients with a suspicion of CAD and no CAC as detected on 16-slice and 64-slice MDCT were enrolled in this retrospective study. We analyzed the frequency of atherosclerotic plaques. For characterizing the atherosclerotic plaques, location, attenuation, volume, the degree of stenosis, and the remodeling index (RI) were analyzed. RESULTS: Atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 8 patients (7.3%). The plaques were located in the right coronary artery (n=3), left anterior descending artery (n=3), and left main coronary artery (n=2). Attenuation, volume, stenosis and RI were 41.4+/-16.6 HU (range, 20.2 - 69.9 HU), 55+/-55 mm3 (range, 15-179 mm3), 40.7+/-16.3% (range,16.0-68.0%) and 1.35+/-0.13 (range, 1.16-1.50). Lipid rich plaque and significant stenosis were detected in 6 patients and in 2 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite negative CAC as detected on MDCT, atherosclerotic plaque might have significant stenosis or lipid rich plaque. Therefore, negative CAC does not seem to guarantee the absence of CAD. Coronary CT angiography was recommended for patients with negative CAC.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Ilizarov fixation in tibial plateua fractures (Schatzker type IV, V, VI), the clinical and radiological results were analysed retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker type IV, V, VI) which had been treated by using Ilizarov fixatrion method at Dankook university from June 1995 to June 2004, we clinically, radiologically analysed the 47 cases with follow-up study of a mean 38 months. Overall results which were evaluated according to Blokker's evaluation system. RESULTS: The average start time of the range of motion excercise was 4.2 weeks, and the average start time of partial weight bearing was 4.6 weeks. Results which were evaluated according to Blokker's evaluation systems were "satisfactory" in 8 cases (80%) of the type IV fractures, in 9 cases of the type V fracures, and in 18 cases (69%) of the type VI. Overall results were "satisfactory" in 35 cases (74.4%), "unsatisfactory" in 12 cases (25.5%). CONCLUSION: When use Ilizarov fixation in tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker type IV, V, VI), we have many advantages that the early start time of the range of motion, the early start time of weight bearing, the acceptable results of Blokker's evaluation system. Therefore, we conclude that Ilizarov fixation in tibial plateua fracure (Schatzker type IV, V, VI) is effective.
Follow-Up Studies ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight-Bearing

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results and complications of the retrograde intramedullary nailing for the treatment of distal femur fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty three patients who received retrograde IM nailing for fractures of the distal femur between October 1998 to December 2003. Average age was 53.8+/-17 (17~86) years. The average follow up period was 19.4 (12~36) months. Clinical information included age, sex distribution, associated fracture and fracture was classified by AO classification. Functional result was evaluated by Schatzker's criteria. RESULTS: The most common cause of injury was traffic accident (60%). The type of fracture were 6 A1 cases, 5 A2 cases, 11 A3 cases, 5 C2 cases, 6 C3 cases by AO classification. Among the 33 cases, 15 cases were excellent, 9 good, 6 fair and 1 failure according to Schatzker's criteria. Average union time was 9.7+/-3.5 months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of distal femur fracture with retrograde intramedullary nailing was useful due to its minimal invasiveness and early range of motion, more rigid fixation.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Femur* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sex Distribution

In order to study the possible vulnerability in the markers of schizophrenia, offsprings of the schizophrenic parents(n=28), offsprings of the alcohol dependent parents(n=18), and offsprings of the psychiatrically normal persons(n=41) were examined for their sustained attention and sensory register by means of Continuous performance test(CPT) and Span apprehension task(SPAN) respectively. The results were as follows: 1) The offsprings of the schizophrenic parents showed a significant deficit in the sustained attention as manifested in the data of CPT by significantly lower hit rate and sensitivity, compared with the offspring of the alcohol dependent parents and those of the psychiatrically normal persons. No difference was evident in the false alarm rate and response bias among three groups. There was no difference in all variables of the CPT between the offsprings of the alcohol dependent parents and those of the psychiatrically normal persons. 2) The deficit in the sustained attention as revealed by lower hit rate and sensitivity was not apparent in the first part of the CPT. However it emerged and aggravated itself as the test continued in the offsprings of the schizophrenic parents only. 3) Proportion of subjects falling in the extreme low sensitivity of lower 10% of the normal controls was significantly higher in the offsprings of the schizophrenic parent group as compared with the offsprings of the alcohol dependent parents and those of the psychiatrically normal persons with a rate of 29%, 17%, and 10% respectively. 4) No significant difference was noted in all variables of MMPI among normal controls, index group, and the extreme low CPT sensitivity subgroup of index group. 5) The offsprings of the schizophrenic parents showed a significantly delayed response in the time to correct and incorrect response in SPAN compared to offsprings of the alcohol dependent parents and those of the psychiatrically normal persons. No difference was evident in the number of correct response, number of incorrect response, and number of no response among three groups. There was no difference in all variables of the SPAN between the offsprings of the alcohol dependent parents and those of the psychiatrically normal persons. These results suggest that a subgroup of the offsprings of schizophrenic parents may suffer from the deficit in the sustained attention which may be a vulnerability marker of schizophrenia.
Automatic Data Processing ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; MMPI ; Parents* ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate characteristic features of 4th ventricular tumors in CT and MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologically proved 9 patients with 4th ventricular tumor were examined by CT and/or MRI. 4th ventricular tumors were epedymoma(4 cases), medulloblastoma(2 cases), choroid plexus papilIoma(2 cases), and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Included in our study were only those mass lesions that were located at surgery predominently within 4th ventricle with or without ventricular expansion. RESULTS: The origin of 4th ventricular tumor was the roof (epedymoma 3 cases, medulloblastoma 2 cases), the floor (epedymoma 1 case), and the undetermined(remaining 3 cases). On MRI, all tumors were hypointense exept ependymoma(3 cases) showing isointensity on T1WI. All tumors were hyperintense on PDWI and T2WI. On Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, strong enhancement was seen in all but epedymoma(1 case) which showed mild enhancement. On CT, as compared with MR images, various density on precontrast and postcontrast images were seen. Calcification was seen in choroid plexus papilloma(1 case) and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Hydrocephalus is seen in all cases exept ependymoma(2 cases) and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Hemorrhage within tumor was present only in epedymoma(2 cases). Cystic change or necrosis of tumor was seen in ependymomma(3 cases), choroid plexus papilloma(1 case), and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Peritumoral edema was seen in medulloblastoma(1 case). Extension through the foramen Luschka and the Magendie was seen in ependymoma(2 cases), choroid plexus papilloma(2 cases), and medulloblastoma(1 case). Seeding along the CSF pathway was seen only in ependymoma(2 cases). CONCLUSION: The results of our study may suggest that specific diagnosis of 4th ventricular tumor can be suggested preoperatively by analysing the origin in 4th ventricle, difference of CT density or MRI signal inten. sity, presence of extension or seeding through cerebrospinal fluid of the lesion.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Choroid Plexus ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medulloblastoma ; Necrosis

BACKGROUND: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) are common, costly, and potentially lethal. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of maximal sterile barrier on CR-BSIs in intensive care units. METHODS: We monitored CR-BSIs in intensive care units of Sunlin Hospital in Pohang, before (September 2005 to May 2006) and after (June to December 2006) implementation of maximal sterile barrier. CR-BSIs were identified by using the definition of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: During the intervention period, the proportion of conducting maximal sterile barrier was 84%. In the pre-intervention period, 10 episodes of CR-BSIs were recorded out of a total of 1,749 catheter-days, compared to 1 episode of CR-BSI out of a total of 1,277 catheter-days in the post-intervention period. The rate of CR-BSIs was significantly reduced from 5.72 to 0.57 per 1,000 catheter-days (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Implementation of maximal sterile barrier resulted in a significant reduction in CR-BSIs.
Adult* ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care*