No abstract available.
Cytokines ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Insulin* ; Receptor, Insulin*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Background: Fine needle aspiration and biopsy(FNAB) has known the most accurate test(about 90%) in the preoperative evaluation of patients with a thyroid nodule. The false negative findings of thyroid cancer by FNAB are mainly due to the aspiration of cystic fluid in cystic degeneration of thyroid cancer and the ipossibility of differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma by aspiration or FNAB because of the failure to evaluate the capsule invasion or angioinvasion of the tumor. Actually more than 80% of the nodules are found as benign nodules in aspiration or FNAB and the findings of follieular lesions are found about half of the samples tested, so limiting the cancer incidence in surgically resected samples up to 50% of the surgical resection. Sa reasonable guidelines to manage the benign nodules on aspiration or FNAB are needed which can select the maligna~nt nodules with false negative findings on aspiration or FNAB. We tried to evaluate whether the thyroxine suppression therapy can increase the malignancy rates on thyroidectomy, Methods: We treated the benign thyroid nodules in FNAB with thyroxine for 1 year and cornpared the nodule volume change before and after treatment (every 6 month) with ultrasonogram. We performed thyroidectomy on 1~7 thyroid nodules wbich showed less than 50% decrease of nodule volume after 1 year of thyroxine suppression therapy. Results: The results were as follows. 1) Of all 17 patients, surgical resection revealed malignant thyroid nodule(Group I) in 10 cases (58.82%, papillary cancer. 6 cases, follicular cancer: 4 cases) and benign thyroid nodule(Group II) in 7 cases(41.18%, follicular adenoma: 4 cases, adenomatous goiter: 3 cases). 2) Between group I and II, there was no significant differences in serum T, T and TSH levels before and after thyroxine suppression therapy. Also, there were no significant difference in TSH suppression % between group I and group II(5.60+5.39%, 14.64+11.48%, respectively). 3) Thyroid nodule volume decrease percent before and after thyroxi~ne therapy showed no significant difference between group I and group II (124.80+54.18% vs 159.42+79.82%, p>0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the benign thyroid nodules on aspiration or FNAB which were not suppressed in volume after thyroixine therapy revealed more than 50% incidence of malignancy on surgical resection, so these nodules were highly reeommended to surgical exploration.
Adenoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Goiter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyroxine ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: To provide some fundamental physiological basis for the physical training of pilots to improve orthostatic intolerance, cardiorespiratory responses to the symptom-limited maximal exercise loading were studied in pilots and non-pilots, and the results were compared. METHOD: Cardiorespiratory reponses to the symptom-limited maximal exercise loading by Bruce protocol was studied in 11 pilots and 11 matched controls (non-pilots). RESULTS: Comparisons of various data at maximal exercise in the pilots with those in the controls revealed that RR, VE/M2, VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, VT/VC and VE/MVV as well as HR, VO2, O2 pulse and AT showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The fact that the aerobic power in the pilots is not superior to that in the controls seems to emphasisze the necessity of aerobic endurance training along with muscular strength training to improve orthostatic tolerance of pilots flying modern high-performance aircrafts.
Aircraft ; Diptera ; Orthostatic Intolerance ; Resistance Training

A 2,800gm of full term male baby was born to a 30 year old Gr. 3 multipara by pitocin induction under the diagnosis of fetal distress. At birth the baby was cyanotic and grunting and the heart rate was 50/min. The baby had been done poorly and died of congestive heart failure at the age of 33 hours. ECG revealed second degree heart block. Postmortem examination was permitted for the heart only which revealed Coarctation of Aorta, Persistent Truncus Arteiosus with Pulmonary Artery Stenos is and Single Ventricle.
Adult ; Aortic Coarctation ; Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Fetal Distress ; Heart Block* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Humans ; Male ; Oxytocin ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Artery

2 cases of fatal neurological complications following D.P.T. vaccination were presented with a brief review of literature. One case was a 6 mo. Old baby who developed symptoms 5 hrs. after his. 3rd D.P.T. inoculation and expired about 29 hrs. after vaccination. The other case was 5 mo. Old male who developed symptom 3 2/1 days after his 2nd D.P.T. incoulation and expired about 4 2/1 days after vaccination. The interesting findings in these 2 cases were hyperglycemia, severe acidosis, and hyperkalemia.
Acidosis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperkalemia ; Male ; Vaccination*

A 2-month old female infant was admitted to the department of pediatrics because of abd ominal distension, failure to thrive & constipation, Paracentesis was done & revealed milkyyellowish fluid like chyle. The clinical symptoms, signs & laboratory findings were compatible with chylus ascites.
Ascites* ; Chyle ; Constipation ; Failure to Thrive ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Paracentesis ; Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Benign pathologic findings are shown in 800% of thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or needle biopsy. About half of these benign nodules are follicular lesions which are presented only as thyroid follicles or thyroid cell clumps. Differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and adenomatous goiter is impossible by FNAC or needle biopsy. Thyroxine suppression therapy has been performed traditionally in order to discriminate malignant nodules, but few studies are available which confirmed the efficacy of thyroxine suppression therapy in thyroid nodules of those the initial pathologic findings were follicular lesions. So we tried to evaluate the efficacy of thyroxine suppression therapy in benign thyroid nodules and also the incidence of thyroid cancer of the thyroid nosules which were not decreased on thyroxine suppression therapy after surgical resection. METHODS: Total 1027 patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated by FNAC or needle biopsy at Soonchunhyang university hospital from 1990 to 1996. Among 1027 patients, 507 patients showed follicular lesions in FNAC or needle biopsy and they received thyroxine suppression therapy. Thyroid nodule volume was measured before and after thyroxine suppression therapy using ultrasonography. We studied 184 patients who were followed up for more than 1 year. Serial changes of thyroid function tests, thyroid nodule volume, serum thyroglubulin (Tg) level before and after therapy were analyzed. RESULTS: l. In 80 (43.5%) of the 184 patients, nodule volumes decreased more than 50 percent after thyroxine suppression therapy. 2. There was no significant difference in serum T3, T4, TSH levels before and after thyroxine suppression therapy between group I (nodule volume decreased less than 50%) and group II (nodule volume decreased more than 50%). 3. In group II patients, thyroid nodule volumes were decreased continuously at 12 month, 18 month and 30 month after thyroxine suppression (p<0.05). 4. There was no significant difference between the group I and group II in the frequency of multiple thyroid nodules on ultrasonography. 5. Among 37 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, 19 cases (51.4%) were revealed as malignant thyroid nodules (papillary cancer 4 cases, follicular cancer 15 cases). Eighteen cases (48.6%) were revealed as benign thyroid nodules (follicular adenoma 10 cases, adenomatous goiter 8 cases). 6. There was no significant difference in the frequency of multiple nodules on ultrasonography between benign and malignant nodules. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested thyroxine suppression therapy was effective in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules, especially in selecting follicular carcinoma from follicular lesion by FNAC or biopsy.
Adenoma ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Goiter ; Humans ; Incidence ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyroxine* ; Ultrasonography

The neutron beam has higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than conventional X or gamma ray because it is densely ionizing radiation which is presented by high linear energy transfer (LET). This physical and radiobiological characteristic plays an important role in killing of cancer cells in the state of biologically radio-resistant to the conventional radiation. The rationale of high LET radiation in the application to clinical radiotherapy is summarized as, high oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), less repair of cell damage, and less dependence of radio-sensitivity on cell cycle. Neutron therapy alone or combined with conventional radiotherapy was performed in 12 patients with stage C or D1 prostatic cancer from Mar. 1987 to Dec. 1989 in Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Local control rate at the time of 24 months after therapy was 67% (4/6) in stage C and 67% (4/6) in stage DI. Two-year actuarial survival rate after therapy was 82% in stage C and 67% in stage D1. The problem of neutron therapy was relatively high incidence of major complication rate, but it could be lessened by the accumulation of experience for neutron therapy. We think neutron therapy to be one of adequate treatment modalities for local control of stage C or Dl prostatic cancer.
Cell Cycle ; Gamma Rays ; Homicide ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Neutrons* ; Oxygen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Survival Rate