OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of changes in obesity and life style factors, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise, on the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol among Korean men. METHODS: This study included 7,205 healthy male employees in the steel manufacturing industry. Each subject underwent health examination in 1994 and was re-examined in 1997. The study subjects were classified into four categories, according to changes in body mass index (BMI) (loss; stable; mild gain; severe gain), cigarette smoking (quitter; non-smoker; smoker continued; smoker started), alcohol drinking (quitter; non-drinker; drinker continued; drinker started) and exercise (more exercise; continuous regular exercise; continuous irregular or no exercise; less exercise), respectively. We evaluated the relationship between the categories of change in those independent variables and the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol, adjusted for BMI in 1994 and age by analysis of variance. RESULTS: The change in systolic blood pressure was positively associated with the changes in BMI (p<0.001) and drinking (p=0.001), but negatively with smoking (p=0.004), compared to the first category of each independent variables. The systolic blood pressure was significantly less increased in the continuous smoking group than quitter or non-smoker. The changes in diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol appeared to have statistically significant linear relationships only with the change in BMI. The change in exercise showed a marginal significance with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.088). CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data emphasize the importance of obesity as a determinant of the changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol. In addition, the changes in smoking and drinking habits can affect systolic blood pressure.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol* ; Drinking ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male ; Obesity ; Prospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Steel*

Diverticulum is considered as common lesion involving any gastrointestinal tract from the pharynx to therectum. We reviewed 5806 cases of upper GI series and 801 cases of Barium enema during the period from Jan. 1978to Dec. 1981 in the Departement of Radiology, school of medicine, JeonBug National University Hospital to analizediverticula of the entire GI tract. The results are follows : 1. Roetgen examination of 5806 esophagus, stomachs,duodenums and small bowels, and 801 colons during the past four years: diverticular of esophagus, 60 cases(1.0%);diverticula of stomach, 42 cases (0.7%); diverticula of duodenum, 358 cases (6.2%); diverticula of small bowel,20( 0.3%); diverticula of the colon, 26 cases (3.2%). The location of diverticula inorder of frequency wasduodenum, colon, esophagus, stomach, and small bowel. 2. the most common site of diverticula of each GI tract wasfollows : diverticula of the esophagus, middle portion (84.7%); diverticula of stomach, the cardia(59.5%);diverticula of the duodenum, second portion(81.3%); diverticula of small bowel, the jejunum(96.4%) especially thelarger percentage were observed at the upper jejunum near the ligament of Treitz; diverticula of the colon, rightsided colon(80.8%), the cecum and ascending colon(57.1%) 3. Diverticula may occur at any age. The majority ofdiverticula of the entire GI tract were observed over 40 years of age. Especialy in diverticula of duodenum andcolon, thir frequency increase with age. 4. Duodenal diverticula were observed more frequently in womanthan in manbut in diverticula of the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon, male was more frequently affected. 5. Thesize of diverticula of entire GI tract was variable. The majoprity of diverticula of the esophagus, stomach,duodenum and small bowel were intermediate size (10-49 mm). Diverticula of the colon were usually smaller than 10mm. 6. Multiplicity of diverticula of entire GI tract was 16.2% of 506 cases. In diverticula of esophagus,stomach, duodenum and small bowel, single lesion was more frequently found. on the other hand, the majority ofdiverticula of the colon were found as multiple lesion(69.2%).
Barium ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diverticulum ; Duodenum ; Enema ; Esophagus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hand ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Jeollabuk-do ; Ligaments ; Male ; Pharynx ; Stomach

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a benign ossifying diathetic disorder characterized by hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification of the clavicles, anterior portion of the first ribs, and manubrium, with variable hyperostosis or ankylosis in the spine and sacroiliac joints. A review of the literature and our own case describes the clinical findings and its characteristic features in RI, CT, and plain film.
Ankylosis ; Clavicle ; Hyperostosis ; Hyperostosis, Sternocostoclavicular* ; Manubrium ; Ribs ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Spine

In vivo ethane production in rats was used as an index of oxygen toxicity. The rats were allocated to four exposure conditions; hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO=5 ATA, 100% O2), normobaric oxygenation (NBO=1 ATA, 100% O2), hyperbaric aeration (HBA=5 ATA, 21% O2) and normobaric aeration (NBA=1 ATA, 21% O2). After 120 minutes of exposure, the rats exposed to high concentration and/or high pressure oxygen exhaled significantly larger amounts of ethane than those exposed to NBA, and the differences in ethane production between any two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). This finding supports the hypothesis that hypothesis that hyperoxia increase oxygen free-radicals and the radicals produce ethane as a result of lipid peroxidation. It is notable that the ethane exhalation level of the HBA group was significantly higher than that of the NBO group. This difference could not be accounted for by the alveolar oxygen partial pressure difference between the two groups.
Animals ; Ethane* ; Exhalation* ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hyperoxia* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Rats

Ever since Mixter and Barr demonstrated the relationship between disk protrusion and radicular pain nearly 50 years ago, there has been a swing toward mechanical explanations for all problems of this type. Murphy has proposed that inflammation rather than mechanical pressure is the basis of back pain and sciatica, and that the causal irritant is likely to be a chemical product of disk degeneration. That administration of steroids reduces the inflammatory process is well known. The present study was undertaken to acess our experience in using epidural steroid injection ofr patients suffering from diskogenic low back pain. Ten patients with the clinical diagnosis of sciatica and with post larninectomy sequelae were referred to the anesthesia department of Maryknoll hospital. Our routine epidural injection of the lumbar spine(L3-4) consists of 2ml of 2% xylocaine and 120mg of methylprednisolone(Depo medrol). Following the injection of Depo Medrol patients were encouraged to ambulate actively and were asked to evaluate their subsequent pain relief. Of the 10 patients studied, all patients experience pain relief within 10 minutes of the epidural injection. A follow up study of these patients was done between 5 and 10 months after injection. The results were as follows: 1) 3 patients: Complete relief. 2) 3 patients: moderate relief. 3) 3 patients: no relief. 4) 1 patient: technical failure.
Anesthesia Department, Hospital ; Back Pain ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Injections, Epidural ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Lidocaine ; Low Back Pain ; Methylprednisolone ; Sciatica ; Steroids*

No abstract available.

This study was undertaken to observe whether an adult ventilator with a preset volume could be used as a controlled ventrolled ventilator far pediatric anesthesia. 35 Patients ranging in age from 3months to 7 years were divided into two groups based on body weight(Group 1: 5~10kg, 14 cases, Group 2: 11~15kg, 21 cases) and anesthetized with halothane-N2O/O2 - pancuronium using the Mapleson B system. Immediately after induction, the reservoir bay of the Mapleson B system was replaced by the reservoir tube of the adult ventilator (MCM 801). Arterial blood gas studies 30 and 60 minutes after induction were performed, and the data from group 1 was compared with that of group 2. The magnitude of PCO2 increase 30 minutes after induction was not significantly different from that at 60 minutes(p>0.05), and alterations of PCO2 in group 1 were not stati-stically significant with group 2 (P>0.05). In conclusion, it is suggested that the Mapleson B system attached to adult ventilator is an useful and convenient device for controlled ventilation in pediatric patients.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Bays ; Humans ; Pancuronium ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (oh8Gua) endonuclease is a DNA repair enzyme in Escherichia coli to remove oh8Gua, a promutagenic DNA adduct. Due to the unique mode of enzyme action and substrate specificity, this DNA repair enzyme has been suggested to be identical to 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxyformamidopyrimidine (Fapy)-DNA glycosylase (Fpg). However, oh8Gua endonuclease had not been definitely identified because it had not been homogeneously purified. In this study, we attempted to purify and identify the enzyme. Through several purification procedures, we obtained two proteins (32 kD and 29 kD). The larger protein co-migrated with Fpg in 12% SDS-PAGE gel. Sequences of N-terminal amino acids of these two proteins were identical to that of Fpg; the smaller one is a degraded product of oh8Gua endonuclease during purification steps. These results indicate that oh8Gua endonuclease is identical to Fpg, implying that oh8Gua in oxidatively damaged DNA rather than Fapy is more physiologically relevant substrate for Fpg.
Chromatography, Affinity ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Escherichia coli/enzymology* ; Nucleosidases/isolation & purification* ; Sequence Analysis, Protein

The duration of the phases of left ventricular systole was measured from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid arterial pulse tracing using a multichannel photographic system with paper speed at 100 mm per second. Observations were made in 81 male and 66 female patients with hypertension and 41 healthy males and 38 healthy females who served as controls. All hypertension patients were classified by change in funduscopic finding, EKG and grade of diastolic pressure. STI were measured in each group and analysed. The resutls were as follows: 1. The normal PEP/LVET was 0.293 in male and 0.303 in female. 2. In male & female hypertensive patients, all STI were significantly difference to that of normal control except QA2. 3. In male hypertensive patients, the degree of EKG, funduscopic change and diastolic pressure were positive relation to the increase of PEP/LVET.
Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Systole*

No abstract available.
Osteomyelitis* ; Skull Base* ; Skull*