No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Umbilical Cord*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis itself causes not only lung parenchymal destruction but also pulmonary vascular damage. Secondary emphysema also causes pulmonary vascular damage, which can develop as a late sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, pulmonary circulatory impairment tends to be more severe in post-tuberculosis emphysema than in primary emphysema. In post-tuberculosis emphysema, the right ventricular function may play an important role. However, little information regarding the right ventricular function is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the right ventricular function between post-tuberculosis emphysema and primary emphysema. METHOD: Post-tuberculosis emphysema(PTE) or primary emphysema(PE) was diagnosed by history, HRCT finding and pulmonary function. Twenty patients with post-tuberculosis emphysema were matched with 20 patients with primary emphysema according to both FEV1 and FVC. Arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were done at rest and immediately after symptom-limited exercise. The right ventricular function was evaluated with the right ventricular ejection fraction using a modification of Simpson's method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference inthe demographics and pulmonary function between the two groups. In post-tuberculosis emphysema, the PaCO2 was higher (42.9±4.7 vs 38.8±3.1 mmHg at rest ; 47.9±7.0 vs 41.1±5.9 mmHg after exercise ; p<0.01) and the right ventricular ejection fraction was lower (57.6±6.5 vs 61.4±4.7 % at rest ; 51.1±10.8 vs 59.8±6.6 % after exercise ; p<0.01) both at rest and after exercise. The PaO2 after exercise was also lower (65.7±12.6 vs 80.2%±14.4 mmHg, p<0.01), while the PaO2 at rest tended to be lower(82.9±12.0 vs 87.8±7.5, p>0.05). In both groups, right ventricular ejection fraction correlated with the PaO2 after exercise(PTE r=0.536, PE r=0.557), and the PaCO2 at rest(PTE r=-0.576, PE r=-0.588) and after exercise(PTE r=-0.764, PE r=-0.619). CONCLUSION: Impairment of the right heart function and gas exchange were more serious in post-tuberculosis emphysema than in primary emphysema, and gas exchange may be influenced by the right ventricular function in post-tuberculosis emphysema.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Demography ; Echocardiography ; Emphysema* ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Stroke Volume ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ventricular Function, Right*

No abstract available.

The authors analysed statistically 186 cases of the glaucoma patients among 20,785 out-patients who visited to our eye clinic from Jan. 1957 to Dec. 1969. The incidence of the glaucoma was 0.895% which was remarkably lower than the other reports. The following results were obtained. 1) Among the 186 cases, there were 85 male and 101 female patients. 2) There was no significant difference in left and right eye. 3) 51-60 year age group was prevalent (49 cases). 4) The age group over 40 occupied 61.3%. 5) The open angle glaucoma was the highest incidence.
Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Outpatients

PURPOSE: To evaluate types of gray matter heterotopias, associated brain anomalies, and its correlation with the patterns of seizure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 19 patients(male :female=10:9, mean age 21 years) with gray matter heterotopias on brain MRI. Using 1.0T superconducting MR unit, spin echo TI-, proton-density- and T2-weighted images in axial, coronal and sagittal planes were obtained. RESULTS: Types of gray matter heterotopias were single subependymal in four patients, multiple subependymal in one, focal subcortical in eight, diffuse subcortical in two, mixed multiple subependymal and focal subcortical in four. Associated anomalies were seen in 11 patients:other neuronal migration anomalies in eight patients, corpus callosum agenesis in two, and combined holoprosencephaly and Dandy-Walker malformation in one. Fifteen patients had seizure. The patterns of seizure were not correlated with the types of heterotopias. CONCLUSION: In addition to subependymal, focal subcortical, and diffuse subcortical types, gray matter heterotopias included mixed variant of of multiple subependymal and subcortical type. Schizencephaly was the most common form of accompanying anomalies, and patterns of seizure were not correlated with types of gray matter heterotopias, even though main clinical menifestation was seizure.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Brain ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Neurons ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Blood Donors* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Prevalence*

The study was undertaken to evaluate the heat resistance by split dose hyperthermia in various time intervaland temperature. For the experiments, 96 mice were divided into 2 groups: the first, 36 mice were used to evaluatethe skine reaction of mouse tail to single dose hyperathermia, the second, 60 mice were used to evaluate heatresistance by split dose hyperthermia in variuos time intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows;1. The ND was 101 minutes at 43degrees centigrade(C) and 24 minutes at 45degrees C. 2. For a 1degrees C increasein temperature, a half in time was required to same degree of skin reaction. 3. Heat resistance was significantlydeveloped in split dose hyperthermia at 43degrees C and 45degrees C. 4. Development, maximum and decay of heatresistance were constant regardless of change in temperature. In summary, heat resistance in split dosehyperthermia is important in study and clinical application of heat therapy in malignant disease.
Animals ; Fever ; Heart ; Hot Temperature ; Mice ; Skin ; Tail

The present study was performed to investigate the role catecholamine in the genesis of reperfusion injury of ischemic heart. The possible involvement of catecholamine in the xanthine oxidase-linked production of oxygen free radicals was studied. langendorff preparations of rat hearts were made ischemic for 60 min followed by reperfusion. Upon reperfusion norepinephrine(NE) was significantly released into the coronary effluent regardless of oxygenation of the perfusion solution. Both the increased releases of creatine phosphokinase(CPK) and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the production of superoxide anion in the ischemic-reperfused hearts were significantly reduced by the treatment with either reserpine, a catecholamine depletor, or propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. In the reserpinized hearts, infusion of exogenous NE reversed the releases of CPK and MDA and the superoxide anion production to the original higher levels. The releases of CPK and MDA as well as the production of superoxide anion induced by NE in the reserpinized hearts were significantly depressed either by allopurinol, a specific competitive inhibior of xanthine oxidase(XOD), or by the calcium removal from the perfusion solution. Compared with the XOD activity of control ischemic hearts, that of the hearts treated with reserpine or propranolol showed lower activity in the oxygen radical producing 0-form and higher activity in D/0-form. In the reserpinized ischemic hearts, infusion of exogenous NE increased 0-form, but decreased D/0-form of XOD. The changes in XOD activities induced by exogenous NE was prevented by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride(a serine protease inhibitor) and pimoxide(a calmodulin inhibitor) as well as by calcium removal from the perfusion solution. It is suggested from the results that in the inchemic-reperfused heart of rat catecholamine participates in D/0 to 0-form conversion of XOD by promoting the calcium-calmodulin-dependent proteolysis and plays a contributing role in the production of oxygen free radical.
Allopurinol ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calmodulin ; Creatine ; Free Radicals ; Heart* ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Propranolol ; Proteolysis ; Rats* ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Reserpine ; Serine Proteases ; Superoxides ; Xanthine Oxidase* ; Xanthine*

PURPOSE:Growth hormone(GH) therapy is very effective for the treatment of short stature, but it is unconvenient that GH should be injected daily because of short half-life. Sustained-release forms of GH preparation is needed for better compliance. This study aimed to measure peak pattern and duration of release of hGH from solid microparticles using sodium hyaluronate. METHODS:In group 1, hGH(EutropinTM) 285microg/kg was injected subcutaneously to 2 Jindo dogs everyday for 7 days. In group 2, hGH solution(EutropinTM) was continuously infused subcutaneously for 12 hours a day for the first 2 days via mini pump(minimed co.) and then for 24 hours a day thereafter until 7th day with the rate of 11.9microg/kg/hr. In group 3, dose of 2mg/kg hGH in sustained-release formulation using sodium hyaluronate, was injected subcutaneously to 3 Jindo dogs. In group 4, two dose levels of 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg hGH in sustained-release formulation using sodium hyaluronate, were injected subcutaneously to each group of 4 Beagle dogs. To evaluate side reactions from continuous injection of sodium hyaluronate, sustained release form of hGH 2mg/kg was injected to 4 Beagle dogs once a week for 4 weeks and compared to 4 control Beagle dogs. Blood samples were withdrawn half- hourly for 6 hour and 2-4 times a day thereafter in Jindo dogs and at 6hr, 12hr, 22hr in the first day and twice a day(at 9:00, 16:00 O'clock) for the following 6 days. RESULTS:In group 1, peak GH conc. of 122+/-27ng/ml was observed at 1 hour after hGH(EutropinTM) 285microg/kg injection and 1/2 of peak GH conc. at 4 hour. and decreased to 2ng/ml at 24 hour. GH AUC(Area under curve) was 670(ng/ml.hr). In group 2, initial steady state GH conc. of 25ng/ml occurred after 6 hour, however, GH conc. decreased gradually to 16ng/ml at the 7th day. GH AUC based on th initial steady state GH conc. was 600(ng/ml.hr). In group 3(Jindo dogs), GH conc. was peaked at 12 hour and 1/2 of peak GH conc at 30-46 hour and decreased to baseline at 70 hour. GH AUC was 2173(ng/ml.hr). In group 4(Beagle dog), peak GH concentrations of 56+/-7ng/ml and 108+/-12ng/ml were observed at 12 hour for the doses of 1mg/ kg and 2mg/kg, respectively and 1/2 of peak GH conc at 48 hour and decreased to baseline at 80 hour. GH AUC was 3560(ng/ml.h) for 2mg/kg treated dogs. Serum IGF-1 was increased to peak levels of 520ng/ml, and 580ng/ml for the doses of 1mg/kg 2mg/kg, respectively, and persisted above the baseline till 120 hour. There was no specific side reaction during experimental period. CONCLUSION: Sustained-release form of hGH with sodium hyaluronate released GH for 70-80 hour with the peak level lower than that resulted from the conventional aqueous formulation of the equivalent dose, and higher concentration IGF-I maintained for 120 hour after injection above baseline. More extensive study is needed to permit for new therapeutic application.
Animals* ; Area Under Curve ; Compliance ; Dogs ; Growth Hormone* ; Half-Life ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Polymers